scholarly journals Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology: Electrical Energy Storage Options for a Photovoltaic-Powered Brackish Water Desalination System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Sheying Li ◽  
Ana P. S. G. de Carvalho ◽  
Andrea I. Schäfer ◽  
Bryce S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Battery Capacity

The potential for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) to overcome long-term (one day) and short-term (a few minutes) solar irradiance fluctuations with high-temporal-resolution (one s) on a photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis membrane (PV-membrane) system was investigated. Experiments were conducted using synthetic brackish water (5-g/L sodium chloride) with varied battery capacities (100, 70, 50, 40, 30 and 20 Ah) to evaluate the effect of decreasing the energy storage capacities. A comparison was made between SCs and batteries to determine system performance on a “partly cloudyday”. With fully charged batteries, clean drinking water was produced at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 4 kWh/m3. The daily water production improved from 663 L to 767 L (16% increase) and average electrical conductivity decreased from 310 µS/cm to 274 μS/cm (12% improvement), compared to the battery-less system. Enhanced water production occurred when the initial battery capacity was >50 Ah. On a “sunny” and “very cloudy” day with fully charged batteries, water production increased by 15% and 80%, while water quality improved by 18% and 21%, respectively. The SCs enabled a 9% increase in water production and 13% improvement in the average SEC on the “partly cloudy day” when compared to the reference system performance (without SCs).

A generalized additive model-based data-driven solution for lithium-ion battery capacity prediction and local effects analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122110579
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Ciwei Gao ◽  
Hongxun Hui ◽  
Qiushi Cui ◽  
Huan Long
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Formulation Parameters ◽  
Capacity Prediction

Lithium-ion battery-based energy storage systems have been widely utilized in many applications such as transportation electrification and smart grids. As a key health status indicator, battery performance would highly rely on its capacity, which is easily influenced by various electrode formulation parameters within a battery. Due to the strongly coupled electrical, chemical, thermal dynamics, predicting battery capacity, and analysing the local effects of interested parameters within battery is significantly important but challenging. This article proposes an effective data-driven method to achieve effective battery capacity prediction, as well as local effects analysis. The solution is derived by using generalized additive models (GAM) with different interaction terms. Comparison study illustrate that the proposed GAM-based solution is capable of not only performing satisfactory battery capacity predictions but also quantifying the local effects of five important battery electrode formulation parameters as well as their interaction terms. Due to data-driven nature and explainability, the proposed method could benefit battery capacity prediction in an efficient manner and facilitate battery control for many other energy storage system applications.

scholarly journals The effect of intermittent operation on a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Park ◽  
A. I. Schäfer ◽  
B. S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intermittent Operation ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
System Operating

Renewable energy powered membrane systems that are directly-connected must take account of both the inherent fluctuations and the intermittency of the energy resource. In order to determine the effect of intermittent operation, a membrane system was tested with variables of (i) amplitude from 60 to 300 W and (ii) length of time with no power from 0.5 to 3 min. This was performed over one hour periods with six on/off cycles to simulate the system operating under intermittent operation for short periods of time when directly-connected to a small wind turbine. The setup used a Filmtec BW30-4040 brackish water reverse osmosis membrane with feed waters of 2,750 mg/L and 5,500 mg/L NaCl. The results showed that the membrane system produced potable water under the majority of intermittency experiments performed. There was a relatively large increase in the average salt concentration of the permeate, especially when the system was off for shorter periods of time (0.5–1 min). Longer periods of no power (1–3 min) did not have as significant an effect on the average water quality. This is important when the need for energy buffering or short term storage is considered for these systems as it shows the potential for improving the overall flux and water quality using temporary energy storage.

scholarly journals Performance of a small solar-powered hybrid membrane system for remote communities under varying feedwater salinities

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Schäfer ◽  
C. Remy ◽  
B.S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Solar Powered

An estimated 1 billion people are living both without access to clean drinking water or electricity. The small photovoltaic (PV)-powered hybrid membrane system described here is designed to address the plight of some of these people. PV and membrane technologies are chosen due to suitability for operation in remote and often harsh conditions. An ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is included to remove bacteria and most pathogens, while a reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) membrane desalinates the brackish feedwater. Several parameters were examined in order to optimise the system performance, including (i) feed salt concentration, (ii) operating pressure, (iii) system recovery, (iv) specific energy consumption (SEC, kWh/m3), and (v) salt retention. In addition, experiments were performed over a whole day to determine system performance under varying levels of solar radiation. The minimum SEC (relatively high due to the current single-pass mode of operation) varies from 5.5 kWh/m3 at a feed concentration of 1 g/L salt to 26 kWh/m3 at a feed concentration of 7.5 g/L salt, which is the upper limit of the system in terms of salt concentration.

scholarly journals Preliminary Field Test Results From a Photovoltaic Electrodialysis Brackish Water Desalination System in Rural India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Natasha C. Wright ◽  
Susan Amrose ◽  
Tonio Buonassisi ◽  
Ian Marius Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Local Constraints ◽  
Grid Systems

Brackish water desalination is crucial to meet basic drinking water needs in rural India. Solar photovoltaic powered electrodialysis (PV-ED) has been justified as a more cost-effective solution than the current dominant reverse osmosis approach for off-grid systems. This paper presents preliminary results from an ongoing field pilot of a village-scale PV-ED system in Chelluru, which is a small village in South India. System performance is compared to predictions of a PV-ED parametric model of local solar irradiance, ED system parameters, power systems parameters, water storage, and cost, validating the model over a single-batch ED operation. An ∼88% “solar-to-treated water” conversion efficiency was achieved in a typical ED batch operation, using 2.47±0.27 kWh/m3 for brackish desalination in the village. This paper also discusses the difficulties and local constraints encountered during the initial field testing and analyzes system performance in the context of local constraints and availability.

Enhanced Performance of Solar Diffusion Driven Desalination

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Alnaimat ◽  
James F. Klausner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Dynamic Operating

This study concerns an improvement in the solar diffusion driven desalination process under dynamic operating conditions for decentralized water production. The utilization of a heat exchanger for the solar diffusion driven desalination (DDD) process to recuperate the latent heat of condensation has been examined. It is found that the recuperated latent heat is best used for preheating the air inlet to the evaporator. Improvements in the system performance are achieved by increasing fresh water production by 30% for the solar DDD with a 0.75 effectiveness in the integrated heat exchanger. A theoretical model is implemented for analyzing the integrated desalination system, and a numerical assessment of the system performance for different operating conditions is presented. It is found that the installation of a heat exchanger for heat recovery in the air stream prior to entering the direct contact condenser increases the water production rate and reduces the specific energy consumption. It is concluded that the delayed operating mode for the solar DDD with an integrated heat exchanger is the best operating mode.

Cost Optimization of a Solar Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System Augmented by Thermal Energy Storage

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Jihun Kim ◽  
Karim Hamza ◽  
Mohamed El Morsi ◽  
Ashraf O. Nassef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Water Production ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Solar Powered

Solar-powered water desalination is one of the promising approaches for addressing fresh water scarcity in the Middle-East, North Africa, and areas of similar climate around the world. Humidification-dehumidification (HDH) is a scalable, commercially-viable technology that primarily utilizes thermal energy in order to extract fresh water from a high salinity water source. Because of inherent variability and uncertainty in solar energy availability due to daily and seasonal cycles, solar-powered HDH desalination systems may benefit from installing thermal energy storage (TES). TES can allow higher utilization of the installed system components and thus reduce the overall lifecycle cost of fresh water production. This work presents a configuration for a HDH desalination system augmented by TES. The system is optimized using Genetic Algorithms (GA) for minimum total annual cost (TAC) per unit volume of produced potable water while satisfying a preset potable water demand. The optimum results for the same location and cost function are compared with results from a previous system which does not have TES. The comparison shows a considerable reduction in potable water production cost when TES is utilized in addition to the benefit of smaller variation in water production across the day.

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