scholarly journals Biohydrogen from Microalgae: Production and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Antonina Rita Limongi ◽  
Emanuele Viviano ◽  
Maria De Luca ◽  
Rosa Paola Radice ◽  
Giuliana Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Natural Way

The need to safeguard our planet by reducing carbon dioxide emissions has led to a significant development of research in the field of alternative energy sources. Hydrogen has proved to be the most promising molecule, as a fuel, due to its low environmental impact. Even if various methods already exist for producing hydrogen, most of them are not sustainable. Thus, research focuses on the biological sector, studying microalgae, and other microorganisms’ ability to produce this precious molecule in a natural way. In this review, we provide a description of the biochemical and molecular processes for the production of biohydrogen and give a general overview of one of the most interesting technologies in which hydrogen finds application for electricity production: fuel cells.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara ◽  
Natalia Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

scholarly journals Butler-Volmer current equation and fractal nature correction in electrochemical energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
Vojislav Mitic ◽  
Goran Lazovic ◽  
Dragan Djordjevic ◽  
Maja Stankovic ◽  
Vesna Paunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Fractal Nature ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

The Global Energy Crisis necessitated improving research into new, renewable and alternative energy sources. Due to that, our focus is on the area of some phenomena and applications where different synthetic methods and microstructure property optimization achieved significant improvement in the electro physical properties of output materials and components. This is especially important for higher energy efficiency and electricity production (batteries and battery systems, fuel cells, and hydrogen energy).The improvement of energy storage tank capacity is one of the most important development issues in the energy sphere too. It?s because of this very promising research and application area that we are expanding the knowledge on these phenomena through fractal nature analysis. So, the results obtained in the field of electrochemical energy sources, especially in electrolyte development, are taken into account the analysis of fractal nature optimization. Based on the research field of fractal material science, particularly electronic materials, we conducted research in microstructure fractal influence in the area of electrochemistry. We investigated the consolidation parameters of Fe2O3 redox processes. The influence of activation energy, fundamental thermodynamic parameters, and also the fractal correction of electrode surface area through complex fractal dimension with recognized grains and pores, and the Brownian motion of particles is introduced. Finally, the electrochemical Butler-Volmer equation fractalization is obtained. These results practically open new frontiers in electrochemical energy processes performed through the Arrhenius equation within electrolyte bulk and electrode relations and more complete and precise energy generation.

Turkey's Renewable Energy Potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Suudan Gökçe Gök
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World

The energy sector holds a crucial strategic importance for development and its sustainability. However, the energy reserves in Turkey are insufficient for the increasing energy demand. For this reason, the need for alternative energy sources has emerged. The fact that fossil fuels used in energy production will be exhausted and their damaging effects on the environment has made it inevitable for the world to use renewable energy. In Turkey, the following are the main energy sources used in electricity production: hydraulic sources, brown coal, natural gas, coal and fuel oil. The use of renewable energy sources in electricity production has shown a considerable development in the world over the past few decades. However, these energy resources have yet to be exploited to any large extent in Turkey. In this chapter, the range of potential renewable energy resources available for electricity production in Turkey will be analyzed in order to determine the necessary technical substructure to make these renewable energy resources more attractive.

Wind is an alternative source of energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
J. S. Gribach ◽  
O. O. Egorychev ◽  
E. V. Kurguzova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources

Introduction: today, one of the most important problems of the world economy is a limited amount of traditional fuels, due to the consumption of which the needs of humanity for energy are being met. The chapter “Introduction” contains the definition of the term “alternative energy”, which is a set of ways to generate energy when using renewable energy sources. This chapter presents the need to search for renewable energy sources that will increase the ecological potential of the territories, as well as the energy and economic component. The prospects for the use of renewable energy sources have been highlighted, among which one of the most common alternative energy sources is wind. Methods: the chapter “Methods” describes the principles of operation of wind turbines. This chapter describes in detail the process of converting wind energy into mechanical energy. Also in the chapter “Methods” is a classification of existing installations along the axis of rotation with a description of the operation of each of them and highlighted four main ways to transfer wind power to the consumer. Results and discussions: the chapter “Results and Discussions” contains information on the economic benefits of using wind turbines in Russia, as well as a list of favorable regions for the creation of wind power stations. The structure of this chapter includes information on the environmental feasibility of the use of wind power plants, since wind generators compensate for carbon dioxide emissions. Conclusion: in the “Conclusion” presents conclusions that allow you to determine the positive aspects of the use of wind turbines, which include environmental friendliness, efficiency and affordability. It should be emphasized that the wind generator compensates for carbon dioxide emissions associated with its production, so that the use of this type of installation will create the most clean environment.

Turkey's Renewable Energy Potential

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Suudan Gökçe Gök
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World

The energy sector holds a crucial strategic importance for development and its sustainability. However, the energy reserves in Turkey are insufficient for the increasing energy demand. For this reason, the need for alternative energy sources has emerged. The fact that fossil fuels used in energy production will be exhausted and their damaging effects on the environment has made it inevitable for the world to use renewable energy. In Turkey, the following are the main energy sources used in electricity production: hydraulic sources, brown coal, natural gas, coal and fuel oil. The use of renewable energy sources in electricity production has shown a considerable development in the world over the past few decades. However, these energy resources have yet to be exploited to any large extent in Turkey. In this chapter, the range of potential renewable energy resources available for electricity production in Turkey will be analyzed in order to determine the necessary technical substructure to make these renewable energy resources more attractive.

scholarly journals CYCLICAL USE OF WOOD WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Production Areas

Currently, the issues of production and use of alternative energy sources are gaining more and more popularity. Such traditional energy sources as gas, oil, and coal are irreplaceable minerals, and therefore there is a need to search for alternative energy sources. One of which is biofuels. Wood waste from woodworking and sawmilling enterprises accumulates in huge quantities on production areas and is not used properly, but is mostly burned or disposed of in landfills. The removal of waste to landfills requires a lot of investment, since wood has a large volume mass. At the same time, in many European countries, such wood-based materials as fuel pellets, fuel briquettes, and euro-wood are known, and they are the substitutes for traditional types of energy. Compared to traditional energy sources, biofuels have a number of advantages. One of them is that when burning, the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere does not exceed the amount of emissions that would be formed by the natural

scholarly journals Scientific priorities for the use of alternative energy sources in railway transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
A. B. Kosarev ◽  
I. A. Rebrov ◽  
S. N. Naumenko ◽  
A. V. Barch
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

Alternative energy sources, mostly related to “green” energy, are one of the promising trends in the development of energy generation, including for the global railway sector. This is due, firstly, to its desire to preserve its environmental advantages by reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the environment and increasing energy efficiency, and secondly, to a reduction in the use of such sources as oil and coal as fuel resources in the coming decades.In a world where 95 % of motorized vehicles use oil as fuel, the greenhouse gas emissions per passenger-kilometer for rail transport are five times less than for road transport and 20 times less than for air transport. Therefore, one of the key tasks in the development of railway transport is the creation of high-speed highways that will serve as an alternative to road and air communications over short distances.In addition to the well-known alternative energy technologies, the railway transport traditionally conducts scientific research to improve energy-saving technologies, which include the use of excess recuperation energy when rolling stock braking.Also, projects for the use of renewable energy sources — heat pump installations — have proved their effectiveness in railway transport: heating switches from the ground, use of heat from compressors of hill complexes to heat electrical centralization posts and heat transformers of traction substations for its own needs.The role of alternative energy sources in railway transport is constantly growing. The efficiency of using alternative energy sources at the Russian Railways is largely determined by a scientific approach that allows, based on own experience or experience in introducing innovations in related industries, to determine the place, time and degree of their implementation, taking into account technical and technological features of production processes inherent in a particular structural unit companies. Among the innovative technical solutions in railway transport, the most priority ones are solutions aimed at the development of high-speed lines, recuperation systems, as well as heat pump technologies.

scholarly journals The use of alternative energy sources in the planning of ecotourism facilities as one of the technological methods of environmental protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (94) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
N. Kachmar ◽  
T. Datsko ◽  
M. Ivankiv ◽  
A. Dydiv
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the results of research on environmental, energy and economic efficiency of the use of alternative energy sources to provide heat to buildings located on the territory of nature reserves. Spending of time on the territory of the nature reserve fund gives the chance of various kinds of rest: use of bicycle routes, ecological paths, the organized places of recreation, etc. Therefore, in specially designated areas complexes are built for vacationers. They provide them with a comfortable stay and the opportunity to get the most out of the chosen type of recreation. Electricity networks are most often used to provide buildings with electric power on the territory of nature reserve facilities. However, this has a significant negative impact on the environment. Many of these facilities are located at a great distance from the settlements, that increases the cost of electrification and gasification. Such facilities require large investments in hot water and heat. Therefore, alternative energy sources are suitable for such cases. The main advantage of using solar panels and heat pump is their environmental friendliness and long period of operation without major repairs. It is established that for the installation of vertical probes it is enough to use four branches 106 m long. For this combined system it is necessary to install six solar collectors, which will provide monthly heat production in the amount of 514.03 MJ. The use of solar collectors and a heat pump to provide heat to the visitor center will reduce the annual operating costs by 4.63 times compared to the costs required for the operation of a system that would operate on the basis of a gas boiler. The use of a combined heat supply system will make it possible to abandon the use of 7156.3 kg of conventional fuel and as a result will reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the amount of 7871.9 kg. Our country is interested in the use of renewable energy sources by reducing the cost of traditional energy sources, the overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during combustion. The state receives direct income from the sale of quotas for harmful emissions.

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