scholarly journals Separation of Zr from Zr-2.5Nb by Electrorefining in LiCl-KCl for Volumetric Decontamination of CANDU Pressure Tube

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3790
Author(s):  
Jungho Hur ◽  
Seongjin Jeong ◽  
Sungjune Sohn ◽  
Jaeyeong Park ◽  
Il Soon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Pressure Tube ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Level Reduction

This study presents an experimental investigation on Zr separation from Zr-2.5Nb by anode potentiostatic electrorefining in LiCl-KCl-ZrCl4 0.5 wt. % at 773 K for irradiated CANDU pressure tube decontamination. By the ORIGEN-2 code calculation, radioactive characteristics were investigated to show that Nb-94 was the most significant radionuclide with an aspect of waste level reduction by electrorefining. Three electrorefining tests were performed by fixing the applied potential as −0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl 1 wt. %) at the anode to dissolve only Zr. A cathode basket was installed to collect detached deposits from the cathode. Electrorefining results showed Zr was deposited on the cathode with a small amount of Nb and other alloying elements. The chemical form of the cathode deposits was shown to be only Zr metal or a mixture of Zr metal and ZrCl, depending on the experimental conditions related to the surface area ratio of the cathode to the anode. It was determined that the Zr metal reduction at the cathode was attributed to the two-step reduction reaction of Zr4+/ZrCl and ZrCl/Zr.

Experimental Investigation of Subsonic Turbulent Flow Over Single and Double Backward Facing Steps

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Abbott ◽  
S. J. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Reattachment Length ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geometric Variables

Results are presented for flow patterns over backward facing steps covering a wide range of geometric variables. Velocity profile measurements are given for both single and double steps. The stall region is shown to consist of a complex pattern involving three distinct regions. The double step contains an assymmetry for large expansions, but approaches the single-step configuration with symmetric stall regions for small values of area ratio. No effect on flow pattern or reattachment length is found for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and turbulence intensities, provided the flow is fully turbulent before the step.

Determination of Thermoacoustic Response in a Demonstrator Gas Turbine Engine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Arana ◽  
B. Sekar ◽  
M. A. Mawid
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Acoustic Response ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Discharge Area

This paper describes an analytical and experimental investigation to obtain the thermoacoustic response of a demonstrator gas turbine engine combustor. The combustor acoustic response for two different fuel injector design configurations was measured. It was found that the combustor maximum peak to peak pressure fluctuations were 0.6 psi to 2 psi for configuration A and B respectively. Based on the measured acoustic response, another experimental investigation was conducted to identify the design features in configuration B that caused the increase in the acoustic response. The data showed that by changing the fuel injector swirler’s vane to inner passage discharge area ratio, the engine acoustic response could be lowered to an acceptable level. A simplified analytical model based on the lumped-parameter approach was then developed to investigate the effect of geometrical changes upon the engine response. The analytical model predicted the fuel injector/swirlers acoustic response as a function of the swirlers inner passage discharge area ratio and frequency. The predictions were consistent with the experimental observations, in particular, it was predicted that as the area ratio was increased, the system reactance was decreased and as a result the system changed from a damping to an amplifying system.

Clinical implication of renal allograft volume to recipient body surface area ratio in pediatric renal transplant

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e13295
Author(s):  
Michael E. Chua ◽  
Jin Kyu Kim ◽  
Michele Gnech ◽  
Jessica M. Ming ◽  
Bisma Amir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Clinical Implication ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Renal Transplant

Electrocapillary discharge of a liquid

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michelson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The current I flowing in the steady electrocapillary discharge of saturated aqueous and alcohol solutions of sodium chloride was found to be proportional to e−α/V, where V is the applied potential and α is a constant under fixed experimental conditions.

A Combined DFT and Experimental Investigation of Pt-Wrapped CoNi Nanoparticles for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Flores-Rojas ◽  
H. Cruz-Martínez ◽  
H. Rojas-Chávez ◽  
M. M. Tellez-Cruz ◽  
J. L. Reyes-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction

Experimental Investigation of a Miniature Ejector Using Water as Working Fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingming Dong ◽  
Qiuyu Hu ◽  
Yuxin Xia ◽  
He Song ◽  
Hongbin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Nozzle Exit ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Condensing Pressure

Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation of a miniature ejector using water as the working fluid. The investigated ejector cooling system can utilize the thermal energy to be removed to power the cooling system and maintain the temperature of an electronic component below ambient temperature. The effects of working conditions, nozzle exit position (NXP), and area ratio on the coefficient of performance (COP) of ejector performance were investigated. Experimental results show that the miniature ejector can function well when the temperature in the high-temperature evaporator (HTE) ranges from 55 °C to 70 °C and can achieve a COP (coefficient of performance) of 0.66. With an increase of the NXP, the COP decreases, while the critical condensing pressure first increases and then decreases. As the area ratio of the miniature ejector increases, the COP increases, and the critical condensing pressure decreases.

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