scholarly journals Modelling of Evenness of Runways as an Element of Sustainable Airport Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8697
Author(s):  
Drago Sever ◽  
Damjan Doler ◽  
Boštjan Kovačič
Keyword(s):  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Processor Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation

The elevation of airport runways is specified in the operations manuals and in globally accepted design guidelines. Airport runways are constantly exposed to various physical and weather factors. However, these factors can deteriorate the condition of the runway to the point where it becomes unusable. Monitoring and the continuous inspection of runway evenness is an important element of a sustainable airport maintenance system. An important element of a sustainable airport maintenance system is a runway evenness detection and modelling system. The investigation of the use of various available methods for modelling runway evenness was conducted based on measurements of the actual condition of the existing runway at Edvard Rusjan Airport in Maribor, Slovenia. During the measurements of the runway condition, our own measurement equipment was used, which ensures the geodetic accuracy of the measurements. The novelty of the article is a comparison between five different approaches to modelling runway evenness: approximation with regression plane, inverse distance weighted interpolation (IWD) with a weighting factor of 1, 2, and 10, and interpolation based on a triangulated irregular network (TIN)–linear and cubic. In the methodology section, the advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned methods were described. The selected models were evaluated by required processor time, by the file size resulting from the modelling, and by the values of the descriptive statistics of the model deviation at the average uniform slope. It was found that the modelling method using linear triangular irregular network interpolation provided the most useful results. The results of the conducted analysis can be easily used in any runway management models at airport thet allow for professionally based actions aimed at ensuring the safety and efficiency of runway operations, especially at smaller, regional airports.

scholarly journals Prevalence of α1-antitrypsin PiZZ genotypes in patients with COPD in Europe: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (157) ◽  
pp. 200014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Blanco ◽  
Isidro Diego ◽  
Patricia Bueno ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Holanda ◽  
Francisco Casas-Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Inverse Distance

The percentage of α1-antitrypsin protease inhibitor ZZ (PiZZ) genotypes in patients with COPD is controversial, with large differences among various studies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PiZZ in COPD patients from 20 European countries with available data, according to the number of PiZZ and COPD individuals in each country.A systematic review was conducted to select European countries with reliable data on the prevalence of PiZZ and COPD. We created a database with the following data: 1) total population and population aged ≥40 years according to the Eurostat database; 2) number and 95% CI of PiZZ patients aged ≥40 years; 3) application of a conversion factor of genetic penetrance of 60%; 4) number of COPD individuals, with 95% CI, aged ≥40 years; and 5) calculation of the PiZZ/COPD ratio. Finally, results were presented using an Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation map.We found 36 298 (95% CI 23 643–56 594) PiZZ individuals at high risk and 30 849 709 (95% CI 21 411 293–40 344 496) COPD patients, with a PiZZ/COPD ratio of 0.12% (range 0.08–0.24%), and a prevalence of 1 out of 408 in Northern, 1 out of 944 in Western, 1 out of 1051 in Central, 1 out of 711 in Southern, and 1 out of 1274 in Eastern Europe.These data may be useful to plan strategies for future research and diagnosis, and to rationalise the available therapeutic resources.

scholarly journals Suitability Calculation for Red Spicy Pepper Cultivation (Capsicum annum L.) Using Hybrid GIS-Based Multicriteria Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Jurišić ◽  
Ivan Plaščak ◽  
Oleg Antonić ◽  
Dorijan Radočaj
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Total Study Area ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Red spicy pepper is traditionally considered as the fundamental ingredient for multiple authentic products of Eastern Croatia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the optimal interpolation method necessary for modeling of criteria layers; (2) calculate the sustainability and vulnerability of red spicy pepper cultivation using hybrid Geographic Information System (GIS)-based multicriteria analysis with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method; (3) determine the suitability classes for red spicy pepper cultivation using K-means unsupervised classification. The inverse distance weighted interpolation method was selected as optimal as it produced higher accuracies than ordinary kriging and natural neighbour. Sustainability and vulnerability represented the positive and negative influences on red spicy pepper production. These values served as the input in the K-means unsupervised classification of four classes. Classes were ranked by the average of mean class sustainability and vulnerability values. Top two ranked classes, highest suitability and moderate-high suitability, produced suitability values of 3.618 and 3.477 out of a possible 4.000, respectively. These classes were considered as the most suitable for red spicy pepper cultivation, covering an area of 2167.5 ha (6.9% of the total study area). A suitability map for red spicy pepper cultivation was created as a basis for the establishment of red spicy pepper plantations.

Relationship between Sea Temperature Change and Tropical Cyclones Based on Argo

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2782-2786
Author(s):  
Jiong Zhu ◽  
Jian Cheng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Actual Observation ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation

The relationship between sea water temperature with depth and the maximum cyclone wind speed was analyzed, the temperature was acquired before 24h of the cyclones occurred by using of data of Argo floats and cyclones in 2005, and taking advantage of inverse distance weighted interpolation method. The results showed that: (1) the Tropical Cyclone’s intensity had a strong correlation with the sea water temperature in the depth of about 42m or so. (2) Under the conditions of similar latitude, according to the energy conservation law, the maximum intensity of cyclones wind was a linear function of sea water temperature, depth, and continuous change in the overall rate, which was verified through the actual observation data.

The Ocean Temperature Reconstruction of Center Tropical Cyclone Based on Argo

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2171-2174
Author(s):  
Jiong Zhu ◽  
Jian Cheng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Upper Boundary

There is a correlation between sea surface temperature of the upper boundary waters and the intensity of typhoon. This paper analyzes the use of Argo float data and using inverse distance weighted interpolation method to calculate its internal regional sea surface temperature, when typhoon and other data were compared and error analysis. The results showed that: the method is reliable. When you select a point closer distance calculation and spatial distribution of Argo floats as closely as possible, the weight coefficients taken 2, known buoy number is 4-6, the relative error of calculated is less than 0.4%, RMSE error is less than 1.2 in the 0-600m depth layer

scholarly journals Interpolation of Daily Temperature in Finland

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Taskinen ◽  
Hannu Sirviö ◽  
Bertel Vehviläinen
Keyword(s):  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Temperature Interpolation ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inverse Distance

The present approach for daily temperature interpolation of the Watershed Simulation and Forecasting System of the Finnish Environment Institute is based on the inverse distance weighted interpolation. In order to improve the calculation, three alternative methods were tested: 1) modified inverse distance weighted model, 2) regression with dummy variables for taking into account time and 3) regression equation calibrated for each day. The regression model calibrated for each day proved to be the most promising model. By average, the difference between the accuracy of it and the inverse distance weighted methods wasn't big but some indication was found that in single cases it can make a difference. The estimated parameters were found to have realistic physical meanings.

scholarly journals Trajectory-Tracking Scheme in Lagrangian Form for Solving Linear Advection Problems: Preliminary Tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Dong ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Lagrangian Form ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Eulerian Mesh ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Renormalization Technique

A Lagrangian linear advection scheme, which is called the trajectory-tracking scheme, is proposed in this paper. The continuous tracer field has been discretized as finite tracer parcels that are points moving with the velocity field. By using the inverse distance weighted interpolation, the density carried by parcels is mapped onto the fixed Eulerian mesh (e.g., regular latitude–longitude mesh on the sphere) where the result is rendered. A renormalization technique has been adopted to accomplish mass conservation on the grids. The major advantage of this scheme is the ability to preserve discontinuity very well. Several standard tests have been carried out, including 1D and 2D Cartesian cases, and 2D spherical cases. The results show that the spurious numerical diffusion has been eliminated, which is a potential merit for the atmospheric modeling.

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