scholarly journals Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Network Routing Technology for Data Recovery in Exa-Scale Cloud Distributed Clustering Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8727
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Shin ◽  
Jeong-Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Erasure Coding ◽  
Block Transmission ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Link Cost ◽  
Network Costs

Research has been conducted to efficiently transfer blocks and reduce network costs when decoding and recovering data from an erasure coding-based distributed file system. Technologies using software-defined network (SDN) controllers can collect and more efficiently manage network data. However, the bandwidth depends dynamically on the number of data transmitted on the network, and the data transfer time is inefficient owing to the longer latency of existing routing paths when nodes and switches fail. We propose deep Q-network erasure coding (DQN-EC) to solve routing problems by converging erasure coding with DQN to learn dynamically changing network elements. Using the SDN controller, DQN-EC collects the status, number, and block size of nodes possessing stored blocks during erasure coding. The fat-tree network topology used for experimental evaluation collects elements of typical network packets, the bandwidth of the nodes and switches, and other information. The data collected undergo deep reinforcement learning to avoid node and switch failures and provide optimized routing paths by selecting switches that efficiently conduct block transfers. DQN-EC achieves a 2.5-times-faster block transmission time and 0.4-times-higher network throughput than open shortest path first (OSPF) routing algorithms. The bottleneck bandwidth and transmission link cost can be reduced, improving the recovery time approximately twofold.

scholarly journals Signature Identification and User Activity Analysis on Whatsapp Web through Network Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramraj S ◽  
Usha G
Keyword(s):  
Network Traffic ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Traffic Analysis ◽  
Traffic Classification ◽  
Location Sharing ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Voice Message ◽  
User Activities

Abstract WhatsApp messenger is a popular instant messaging application that employs end-to-end encryption for communication. WhatsApp Web is the browser-based implementation of WhatsApp messenger. Users of WhatsApp communicate securely using SSL protocol. Encryption and use of common port for communication by multiple applications poses challenge in traffic classification for application identification. It is highly needed to analyze the network traffic for the purpose of QoS, Intrusion Detection and application specific traffic classification. In this paper, we have done traffic analysis on the network packets captured through data transfer in whatsapp web. In the result, we have explored the user activities such as message texting, contact sharing, voice message, location sharing, media transfer and status viewing. Packet level traffic analysis of user activities reveal patterns in the encrypted SSL communication. This pattern is identified across SSL packet lengths for WhatsApp media transfer and voice message communication. Other important features WhatsApp is the ability to view the status of the message being sent. We have identified the read and unread message status in these data packets by exposing signatures in the network layer. These signatures are identified with the help of the SSL lengths in the TLS header information of WhatsApp Web network traffic traces. Various other information on WhatsApp traffic presented in our study is relevant to the version of WhatsApp Web v0.3.2386.

scholarly journals Indonesian Muslim Women: Between Culture, Religion, and Politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Bani Syarif Maula
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intensive Reading

Islam in Indonesia is culturally very different from that in the Middle East, particularly related to a tradition of greater freedom for women in public places. In Indonesia, there are many women entering public and political arena and even women are seeking and achieving unprecedented power and influence in public life. However, there are some barriers from religion and culture that give burdens to women to express their political views and to involve in public life. Very often women who want to enter politics find that the political and public environment is not conducive to their participation. This paper discusses cultural, religious, and political factors of the difficulties faced by Indonesian Muslim women to participate freely in public and political lives. This paper looks at how women’s status in cultural and social structure influences the involvement of women in political activities. This study is a philosophical investigation of the value of culture, religion, and politics to Indonesian women in democratic practices. With the use of intensive reading of books and other information sources, together with policy document analysis, the study aims to explore the problems and possibilities of putting the visions of democracy into practice in contemporary Indonesian women, to explore the nature of culture, religion, and politics in Indonesia in influencing women’s political activism, and to understand both the status of Muslim women and the dynamics of Muslim societies in Indonesia. This paper concludes that women are still under-represented in public and political institutions in Indonesia. The long struggle of women’s movement for equal rights has not been easy due to the cultural and religious reasons.

scholarly journals High-Quality Transmission of Cardiotocogram and Fetal Information Using a 5G System: Pilot Experiment (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Naruse ◽  
Tomoya Yamashita ◽  
Yukari Onishi ◽  
Yuhi Niitaka ◽  
Fumikage Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
High Definition Video ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Emergency Transport ◽  
The Status

BACKGROUND A cardiotocogram (CTG) is a device used to perceive the status of a fetus in utero in real time. There are a few reports of its use at home or during emergency transport. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test whether CTG and other perinatal information can be transmitted accurately using an experimental station with a 5G transmission system. METHODS In the research institute, real-time fetal heart rate waveform data from the CTG device, high-definition video ultrasound images of the fetus, and high-definition video taken with a video camera on a single line were transmitted by 5G radio waves from the transmitting station to the receiving station. RESULTS All data were proven to be transmitted with a minimum delay of less than 1 second. The CTG waveform image quality was not inferior, and there was no interruption in transmission. Images of the transmitted ultrasound examination and video movie were fine and smooth. CONCLUSIONS CTG and other information about the fetuses and pregnant women were successfully transmitted by a 5G system. This finding will lead to prompt and accurate medical treatment and improve the prognosis of newborns.

scholarly journals High-Quality Transmission of Cardiotocogram and Fetal Information Using a 5G System: Pilot Experiment

10.2196/19744 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e19744
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Naruse ◽  
Tomoya Yamashita ◽  
Yukari Onishi ◽  
Yuhi Niitaka ◽  
Fumikage Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
High Definition Video ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Emergency Transport ◽  
The Status

Background A cardiotocogram (CTG) is a device used to perceive the status of a fetus in utero in real time. There are a few reports of its use at home or during emergency transport. Objective The aim of this study was to test whether CTG and other perinatal information can be transmitted accurately using an experimental station with a 5G transmission system. Methods In the research institute, real-time fetal heart rate waveform data from the CTG device, high-definition video ultrasound images of the fetus, and high-definition video taken with a video camera on a single line were transmitted by 5G radio waves from the transmitting station to the receiving station. Results All data were proven to be transmitted with a minimum delay of less than 1 second. The CTG waveform image quality was not inferior, and there was no interruption in transmission. Images of the transmitted ultrasound examination and video movie were fine and smooth. Conclusions CTG and other information about the fetuses and pregnant women were successfully transmitted by a 5G system. This finding will lead to prompt and accurate medical treatment and improve the prognosis of newborns.

scholarly journals An environmental database for the status of freshwater in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Status Data

An environmental database has been created, recording water bodies at a national level and assembling relevant data collected by various public services and institutions in charge of water resources management and research in Greece. Data consists of physico-chemical parameters, geomorphological descriptions, inventories of fauna and flora species, environmental pressures, vulnerability evaluation and other information useful for the assessment of current and future ecological status. Data gathering has proven to be a challenging task, due to the large number and the generally small size of the surface freshwater bodies as well as the numerous competent services and institutions and the multiple and sometimes conflicting responsibilities that therefore result. The latter is also partly the cause of lack of continuity of data, gaps or sometimes questionable reliability. Performing a global data overview, we note that (a) ecological status can be characterized as good for the majority of the sites, especially for small mountain streams, and (b) the general trend in most cases is degradation of current conditions, related either to anthropogenic pressures or to human activity combined with natural factors. This database, in a more completed and enriched form, could assist in the implementation of 2000/60/EC Directive in Greece and the establishment of reference conditions of surface freshwater systems.

Secure Data Transfer Using Image Steganography

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Nisha Manral
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Secret Information ◽  
File Formats ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Weak Points

Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exists a large variety of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. Different applications have different requirements of the steganography technique used. For example, some applications may require absolute invisibility of the secret information, while others require a larger secret message to be hidden. This paper intends to give an overview of image steganography, its uses and techniques. It also attempts to identify the requirements of a good steganographic algorithm and briefly reflects on which steganographic techniques are more suitable for which applications.

Prioritized Sweeping Reinforcement Learning Based Routing for MANETs

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul M Desai ◽  
B P Patil
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Prioritized Sweeping

<p class="Default">In this paper, prioritized sweeping confidence based dual reinforcement learning based adaptive network routing is investigated. Shortest Path routing is always not suitable for any wireless mobile network as in high traffic conditions, shortest path will always select the shortest path which is in terms of number of hops, between source and destination thus generating more congestion. In prioritized sweeping reinforcement learning method, optimization is carried out over confidence based dual reinforcement routing on mobile ad hoc network and path is selected based on the actual traffic present on the network at real time. Thus they guarantee the least delivery time to reach the packets to the destination. Analysis is done on 50 Nodes Mobile ad hoc networks with random mobility. Various performance parameters such as Interval and number of nodes are used for judging the network. Packet delivery ratio, dropping ratio and delay shows optimum results using the prioritized sweeping reinforcement learning method.</p>

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