Wear of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Patterned Surfaces Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

The recent developments in additive manufacturing (AM) are providing unprecedented opportunities in various fields, including the fabrication of advanced materials for tribological applications. The present work describes the results of an exploratory study focused on the analysis of 17-4 PH steel surfaces obtained using selective laser melting (SLM). In particular, the study includes the analysis of baseline (as-produced) and textured steel surfaces. Surface texturing comprises hexagonal prism structures (with or without dimples) arranged in a honeycomb pattern with 50 µm or 100 µm gap spacing. Starting from the minimum printing size enabled by the 3D printing platform, various textures are prepared by scaling up the characteristic dimensions of the prisms up to 500%. The obtained surface patterns are characterized (qualitatively and quantitatively) using a non-contact computerized numerical control (CNC) measuring system. The coefficient of friction (COF) was investigated using a Ball-on-Disk configuration using bearing steel balls as counterparts. For a fixed sliding speed, different contact loads and sliding radii were considered, while the tests were carried out in either dry or lubricant-impregnated conditions. The results of wear tests in both dry and lubricated conditions indicated that the baseline samples are provided with lower COF compared to the textured ones. For the latter, neither the gap spacing nor the presence of dimples led to significant variations in the COF. However, in lubricated conditions, the values of the COF for baseline and textured surfaces were closer and much smaller. In particular, the results provide clear indications regarding reducing the gap between prisms, which had a beneficial effect on the COF in lubricated conditions. Similarly, sensitivity to dimples was quite remarkable, with a reduction in the COF of about 30% when the larger gap spacing between the prisms was used.

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Processing of the Heat Resistant Bearing Steel M50NiL by Selective Laser Melting

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials ◽

10.3139/105.110358 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 187-201

Author(s):

O. Beer ◽

C. Merklein ◽

D. Gerhard ◽

O. Hentschel ◽

M. Rasch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selective Laser Melting ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Heat Resistant

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Permeability Study of Austenitic Stainless Steel Surfaces Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Metals ◽

10.3390/met7120521 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 521 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Emmanuel Segura-Cardenas ◽

Erick Ramirez-Cedillo ◽

Jesús Sandoval-Robles ◽

Leopoldo Ruiz-Huerta ◽

Alberto Caballero-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽

Selective Laser Melting ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Permeability Study ◽

Steel Surfaces

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Analysis of Microstructure and Properties of a Ti–AlN Composite Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13102218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2218

Author(s):

Ryszard Sitek ◽

Maciej Szustecki ◽

Lukasz Zrodowski ◽

Bartlomiej Wysocki ◽

Jakub Jaroszewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Composition ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Selective Laser Melting ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Titanium Nitrides ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Laser Melting ◽

X Ray ◽

Wide Range

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a manufacturing technique that is currently used for the production of functional parts that are difficult to form by the traditional methods such as casting or CNC (Computer Numerical Control) cutting from a wide range of metallic materials. In our study, a mixture of commercially pure titanium (Ti) and 15% at. aluminum nitride (AlN) was Selective Laser Melted to form three-dimensional objects. The obtained 4 mm edge cubes with an energy density that varied from 70 to 140 J/mm3 were examined in terms of their microstructure, chemical and phase composition, porosity, and Vickers microhardness. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations of the etched samples showed inhomogeneities in the form of pores and unmelted and partly melted AlN particles in the fine-grained dendritic matrix, which is typical for titanium nitrides and titanium aluminum nitrides. The AlN particles remained unmelted in samples, but no porosity was observed in the interface area between them and the dendritic matrix. Additionally, samples fabricated with the presintering step had zones with different sizes of dendrites, suggesting a differing chemical composition of the matrix and the possibility of the formation of the phases forming an Ti–Al–N ternary system. The chemical composition in the microareas of the samples was determined using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and revealed differences in the homogeneity of the samples depending on the SLM process parameters and the additional presintering step. The phase composition, examined using X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), showed that samples were formed from Ti, TiN, and AlN phases. Porosity tests carried out using a computer microtomography revealed porosities in a range from 7% to 17.5%. The formed material was characterized by a relatively high hardness exceeding 700 HV0.2 over the entire cross-section, which depended on the manufacturing conditions.

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Tribological Behavior of TiC Particles Reinforced 316Lss Composite Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12060950 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 950 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Zhanyong Zhao ◽

Peikang Bai ◽

Hongqiao Qu ◽

Minjie Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selective Laser Melting ◽

High Speed ◽

Friction And Wear ◽

Sliding Friction ◽

Tribological Behavior ◽

Friction Material ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Delamination Wear ◽

The Matrix

In order to improve the abrasion performance of 316Lss, make full use of its advantages and broaden its application fields, the tribological behavior of the TiC particles reinforced 316Lss composites—which were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM)—were investigated. In this study, GCr15 bearing steel was selected as the friction material and experiments on the sliding friction and wear under different loads of 15 N, 25 N and 35 N at the sliding speeds of 60, 80 and 100 mm/min were carried out, respectively. The results show that the wear performance of the TiC/316Lss composite is higher than that of the matrix during the friction and wear experiments under all conditions and the wear rate of the TiC/316Lss composite decreases with increasing the friction rate. Similar to the wear mechanism under different loads, it changes from abrasive wear to delamination wear and severe oxidative wear. At the same time, the mechanical mixed layer formed at a high speed has a protective effect on the matrix. The reason for this phenomenon is that the mechanical properties of the TiC/316Lss composites are significantly improved due to the addition of TiC particles, the refinement of cells near the TiC particles and the formation of a large number of dislocations. In addition, due to the presence of the TiC particles, the hardness and strength of the TiC/316Lss composites are greatly improved, thus the processing hardening ability of sub-surface has been improved.

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Tribological Performance of Textured 316L Stainless Steel Prepared By Selective Laser Melting*

10.21203/rs.3.rs-829565/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ping Chen ◽

Xiaojie Liu ◽

Kangning Jin ◽

Xiaoxi Qiao ◽

Weixu Yang

Keyword(s):

Selective Laser Melting ◽

Surface Texturing ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Characteristic Size ◽

Tribological Performance ◽

Wear Loss ◽

Textured Surfaces ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Friction Coefficients ◽

Texture Parameters

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is a rapid prototyping additive manufacturing technology, which is widely used in the biomedical field. Surface texturing technology, as a surface treatment technology, has been used to improve the tribological performance. In the paper, both SLM and surface texturing technology are used to prepare textured samples with different parameters. Under the conditions of dry and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) lubricated conditions, the tribological performance and the mechanism of the textured 316L SS were investigated. The texture parameters studied are characteristic size, area ratio and shape including single triangular, circular and composite textures composed of two shapes. Results show that under dry friction condition, compared with the untextured surfaces, the friction coefficients and wear losses of the three textured samples almost increased, and only the wear loss of the circular textured sample decreases. Under the condition of PBS solution, compared with the untextured surface, most of the friction coefficients and wear loss of the textured samples decreased significantly, but the wear loss of textured surfaces in group B shows an obvious increase. And reducing the characteristic size of the texture significantly increases the wear loss of the 316L SS sample. At the same time, the triangular textured samples have better wear resistance than the circular textured samples. Therefore, the application of surface texturing technology to 316L SS samples prepared by SLM, especially in the simulated body fluid conditions, can achieve the purpose of stable friction and reduce wear loss. Meanwhile, reasonable texture parameters have a greater impact on improving the tribological performance of 316L SS.

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