scholarly journals Opportunities and Barriers for Valorizing Waste Incineration Bottom Ash: Iberian Countries as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9690
Author(s):  
Beatriz S. Bandarra ◽  
Joana L. Pereira ◽  
Rui C. Martins ◽  
Alex Maldonado-Alameda ◽  
Josep M. Chimenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Management Incentives ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Msw Incineration

Incineration bottom ashes (IBA) are the main waste from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. In the Iberian countries (Portugal and Spain), MSW incineration with energy recovery (WtE) plays an important role in MSW management. IBA is highly produced and managed differently both between and within countries. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the management model of IBA using the Iberian Peninsula as a case study, addressing its properties, current management, incentives and difficulties in valorizing, and prospects. For this purpose, incineration plants of both countries were approached, and a broad literature review was conducted to gather information. About 10% and 41% of IBA have been landfilled in Portugal and Spain, respectively. Metals (mostly ferrous) from Portuguese (6% of IBA) and Spanish (9% of IBA) WtE plants are recycled. In Portugal, the remaining IBA (84%) has been temporarily stored (11%), applied to landfills as a substitute for soil in intermediate and final covers, construction of paths, accesses, and platforms (41%), or used in civil engineering work and road construction (48%). In Spain, the remaining IBA (50%) has been reused mainly as a secondary raw material in the construction and civil engineering fields (77%), while the rest has been temporarily stored (11%), applied in the conditioning of landfills (4%), alsoa secondary aggregate replacing natural materials. Both countries regulate IBA reuse outside landfills but consider different requirements and criteria. Nevertheless, there are both drivers and barriers to valorization. In the future, different IBA applications will likely continue to be developed, with the concern of protecting the environment. Growing confidence in IBA reuse following the publication of proper studies is expected. Globally, uniform legal frameworks among EU members with the same standards would likely lead to better IBA valorization.

Characterization of Residues Involved in the Ash Quenching System: A Material Recycling Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Kanawut Inkaew ◽  
Amirhomayoun Saffarzadeh ◽  
Takayuki Shimaoka
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Fine Aggregates

The Ash Quenching System has been widely used in the municipal solid waste incineration plant to cool down the bottom ash and to control the dust pollution. In this study, residues that were transferred to the ash quenching system, including the grate siftings and the unquenched bottom ash were investigated, as well as, the quenched bottom ash from the discharge point of the system. The characterization included particle size distribution analysis, chemical composition and mineralogical composition analyses. The results showed that the grate siftings, the unquenched bottom ash and the quenched bottom ash were made up of different proportions of slag, relic metal, glass, ceramics and unburnt organic matter. All residues resembled to natural sand and fine aggregates with content of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of about 37-52%, 17-28%, 10-16%, and 4-13% by mass, respectively. The quenched bottom ash had the potential to be used as a raw material for the engineering applications such as road construction and cement production likewise grate siftings and the unquenched ash. However, the grate siftings and the unquenched bottom ash contained Cl up to 2.3 % by mass, and the quenched bottom ash was essentially dominated by hydrate phases such as Friedel’s salt/hydrocalumite, thus further treatment is significantly required prior to any applications.

Feasibility of Reutilizing Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues as Construction Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Jing Zhang ◽  
Yan Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Road Base ◽  
Incineration Residues

Abstract: The presented study mainly focused on investigating detailed engineering properties of municipal solid waste incineration residues as road construction materials with different application classes. Also, the leachability of heavy metals and salts in the residues as a function of the ratio of liquid and solid was tested. The Chinese specifications about road construction materials were employed to evaluate the application capacity of the waste incineration residues. The obtained results indicate that bottom ash basically complies with the technical requirements for road base and sub-base materials with exception of the low compataclity and high organic content of the fine fraction. The toxicity test showed that bottom ash can satisfy the limit values of heavy metals and salts that was established by Chinese specification for hazard solid waste. For the application of the ash in road base, it should be mixed with other materials to improve the compataclity. Pretreatment of fine fraction of bottom ash to remove organic matter is necessary.

scholarly journals Properties of cold-bonded lightweight artificial aggregate containing bottom ash with different curing regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Khairul Nizar Ismail ◽  
Roshazita Che Amat ◽  
Mohamad Iqbal Mohamad Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Aggregate Impact Value

Cold-bonded pelletizing technique is frequently used in aggregate manufacturing process as it can minimise the energy consumption. It has contributed to both economical and environmental advantages because it helps to reduce the gas emissions problems. Bottom ash collected from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant was selected as raw material in this study and was utilised as a partial replacement for cement for artificial aggregate production. Several percentage of ash replacement was selected ranged from 10 to 50%. Aggregate pellets were subjected to different types of curing condition which is room-water (RW), room-room (RR), oven-room (OR) and oven-water (OW) condition. Properties of aggregate pellets were examined to obtain its density, water absorption, aggregate impact value (AIV) and specific gravity (SG). The results indicated that the most efficient curing regime is by exposing the aggregate in RW condition. The optimum aggregate was selected at 20% where it has satisfied the required density of 739.5kg/m3, and classified as strong aggregate with AIV 14. However, the water absorption of aggregate increased proportionately with the increment of ash content.

scholarly journals Recyclable Porous Glass-Ceramics from the Smelting of MSWI Bottom Ash

Ceramics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Patricia Rabelo Monich ◽  
Hugo Lucas ◽  
Bernd Friedrich ◽  
Enrico Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Porous Glass ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Mswi Bottom Ash ◽  
Gel Casting

Material from the electric arc furnace smelting of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash was easily converted into highly porous glass-ceramics by a combination of inorganic gel casting and sinter-crystallization at 1000 °C. In particular, the gelation of aqueous suspensions of fine glass powders, transformed into “green” foams by intensive mechanical stirring, occurred with a limited addition of alkali activator (1 M NaOH). The products coupled the stabilization of pollutants with good mechanical properties (e.g., compressive strength approaching 4 MPa). Interestingly, they could be used also as raw material for new glass-ceramic foams, obtained by the same gel casting and sintering method, with no degradation of chemical stability. Limitations in the crushing strength, derived from the limited viscous flow densification of semi-crystalline powders, were overcome by mixing powders from recycled foams with 30 wt% soda-lime glass. The new products finally featured an even higher strength-to-density ratio than the foams from the first cycle.

scholarly journals A Study of State Parameters for Road Construction of MSWI Bottom Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7624-7627
Author(s):  
T. K. V. Nguyen ◽  
T. T. H. Doan ◽  
T. H. Cao ◽  
H. S. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Granular Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
The North ◽  
Mswi Bottom Ash ◽  
Technical Guide ◽  
By Products

The current work tries to valorize the bottom ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI). The bottom ash from waste incineration consists of atypical granular materials. They are industrial by-products resulting from the incineration of domestic waste and the way of the considered valorization is road gravel. In this paper, we present the state parameters of bottom ash taken from a recycling company in the North of France. These features can help us evaluate our bottom ash according to the technical guide of realization of embankments and subgrades.

scholarly journals ANTIMONY AND VANADIUM IN INCINERATION BOTTOM ASH – LEACHING BEHAVIOR AND CONCLUSIONS FOR TREATMENT PROCESSES

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Franz-Georg Simon ◽  
Christian Vogel ◽  
Ute Kalbe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
The Impact

Due to its large mineral fraction, incineration bottom ash (IBA) from municipal solid waste incineration is an interesting raw material that can be used for road construction or to produce secondary building materials. However, leaching chloride, sulfate, and potentially harmful heavy metals may cause problems in using IBA in civil engineering. Investigating leaching behavior is crucial for the assessment of the environmental compatibility of IBA applications. Various test procedures are available for that purpose. In the present study, a long-term leaching test of a wet-mechanically treated IBA was performed in a lysimeter for almost six years. While concentrations of chloride, sulfate and the majority of the heavy metals started to decrease rapidly with advancing liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) behaved differently. At the beginning of the lysimeter test, the Sb and V concentrations were low, but after approximately one year of operation at an L/S ratio of around 0.8 L/kg, a steady increase was observed. It was shown that this increase is the result of low Ca concentrations due to the formation of CaCO3. With the data, the solubility products from Ca-antimonate and Ca-vanadate were calculated. The unusual leaching behavior of Sb and V should be kept in mind when considering field scenarios and evaluating the impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Removal of Pollutants from Secondary Waste from an Incineration Plant: The Review of Methods

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6322
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bogacka ◽  
Nikolina Poranek ◽  
Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Pikoń
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Pre Treatment

In order to use secondary waste from an incineration plant, it is necessary to process or treat it. Valorization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) is a popular treatment method. Moreover, there are other possibilities, such as alkaline pre-treatment, which can be used for the rest of the secondary waste from incineration plants, especially hazardous fly ash. The purpose of this study is to show the problem of secondary waste in Poland in relation to the rest of Europe. Due to the physicochemical research of secondary waste, the possibilities of the procedure and its management are indicated. By analyzing the literature and the market, the latest possibilities for improving the physicochemical properties of secondary waste are proposed. Searching for new methods for waste management is essential to the environment. This manuscript presents the problem of the increasing amount of waste, as well as possibilities to close the loop, and minimize the negative impact on the environment. Additionally, the article shows that environmental benefits can be achieved by replacing raw material with secondary waste.

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