scholarly journals Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10316
Author(s):  
Stojan Kravanja ◽  
Uroš Klanšek ◽  
Tomaž Žula
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Objective Functions

This paper presents a study showing the optimization of the mass, direct (self-manufacturing) costs, and energy life-cycle costs of composite floor structures composed of a reinforced concrete slab and steel I-beams. In a multi-parametric study, mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimizations are carried out for different design parameters, such as different loads, spans, concrete and steel classes, welded, IPE and HEA steel profiles, and different energy consumption cases. Different objective functions of the composite structure are defined for optimization, such as mass, direct cost, and energy life-cycle cost objective functions. Moreover, three different energy consumption cases are proposed for the energy life-cycle cost objective: an energy efficient case (50 kWh/m2), an energy inefficient case (100 kWh/m2), and a high energy consumption case (200 kWh/m2). In each optimization, the objective function of the structure is subjected to the design, load, resistance, and deflection (in)equality constraints defined in accordance with Eurocode specifications. The optimal results calculated with different criteria are then compared to obtain competitive composite designs. Comparative diagrams have been developed to determine the competitive spans of composite floor structures with three different types of steel I beam: those made of welded sections and those made of IPE or HEA sections, respectively. The paper also answers the question of how different objective functions affect the amount of the calculated costs and masses of the structures. It has been established that the higher (more wasteful) the energy consumption case is, the lower the obtained masses of the composite floor structures are. In cases with higher energy consumption, the energy life-cycle costs are several times higher than the costs determined in direct cost optimization. At the end of the paper, a recommended optimal design for a composite floor system is presented that has been developed on the multi-parametric energy life-cycle cost optimization, where the energy efficient case is considered. An engineer or researcher can use the recommendations presented here to find a suitable optimal composite structure design for a desired span and uniformly imposed load.

scholarly journals Least Cost Analysis of Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Ontario Using Trnsys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Fereidouni Kondri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

This report presents the methodology for determining least cost energy efficient upgrade solutions in new residential housing using brute force sequential search (BFSS) method for integration into the reference house to reduce energy consumption while minimizing the net present value (NPV) of life cycle costs. The results showed that, based on the life cycle cost analysis of 30 years, the optimal upgrades resulted in the average of 19.25% (case 1), 31% (case 2a), and 21% (case 2b) reduction in annual energy consumption. Economic conditions affect the sequencing of the upgrades. In this respect the preferred upgrades to be performed in order are; domestic hot water heating, above grade wall insulation, cooling systems, ceiling insulation, floor insulation, heat recovery ventilator, basement slab insulation and below grade wall insulation. When the gas commodity pricing becomes high, the more energy efficient upgrades for domestic hot water (DHW) get selected at a cost premium.

scholarly journals Least Cost Analysis of Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Ontario Using Trnsys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Fereidouni Kondri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

This report presents the methodology for determining least cost energy efficient upgrade solutions in new residential housing using brute force sequential search (BFSS) method for integration into the reference house to reduce energy consumption while minimizing the net present value (NPV) of life cycle costs. The results showed that, based on the life cycle cost analysis of 30 years, the optimal upgrades resulted in the average of 19.25% (case 1), 31% (case 2a), and 21% (case 2b) reduction in annual energy consumption. Economic conditions affect the sequencing of the upgrades. In this respect the preferred upgrades to be performed in order are; domestic hot water heating, above grade wall insulation, cooling systems, ceiling insulation, floor insulation, heat recovery ventilator, basement slab insulation and below grade wall insulation. When the gas commodity pricing becomes high, the more energy efficient upgrades for domestic hot water (DHW) get selected at a cost premium.

The Influence of Engine Characteristics on Patrol Aircraft Life Cycle Cost Optimization

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Schuetz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
Antisubmarine Warfare ◽  
Flight Profile

A conceptual design study has been conducted for an all-new, land-based patrol aircraft for the U.S. Navy. The selected propulsion system was a conceptual high-speed turboprop. An antisubmarine warfare mission was chosen for the design flight profile. Probable peacetime utilization was postulated so that the engine duty cycle could be estimated. Aircraft designs were optimized for minimum takeoff gross weight (TOGW) and for minimum life cycle cost (LCC). It was shown that the aircraft performance requirements and design constraints bound the optimization process so tightly that the same point design is obtained for both TOGW and LCC criteria. The contribution of the engine costs to the overall life cycle costs was examined. The sensitivity of the aircraft optimization to the engine characteristics — specific fuel consumption (SFC), length, diameter, and cost — was analyzed. It was determined that SFC is the most significant engine characteristic.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost Optimization of Residential Buildings in Bulgaria: a Case Study of the Building Envelope

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Doseva ◽  
Daniela Chakyrova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Building Envelope

Abstract Around 60 % of residential buildings in Bulgaria are constructed before the Nineties of the last century, i.e. they have been in use for more than 30 years. Furthermore, the final energy consumption of Bulgarian residential buildings is the highest in Europe. This raises the question of the improvement of the energy performance of existing residential buildings. The current study is intended to assess the influence of the heat transmittance coefficient of the external building envelop elements on the annual energy consumption for heating and cooling and finding its optimal value. Life-cycle cost (LCC) as the optimization criterion is using. The optimization procedure is conducted for the climatic and economic conditions in Bulgaria and taking into account the existing legal framework. The minimum of the building life cycle costs is determined by using a genetic algorithm.

scholarly journals The The Effects of Structural Lightweight Concrete on Energy Performance and Life Cycle Cost in Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safa Nayır ◽  
Ümit Bahadır ◽  
Şakir Erdoğdu ◽  
Vedat Toğan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Life Cycle Costs

Energy efficiency in the construction industry is crucial to reducing increased energy consumption. A significant portion of the energy is consumed in residential buildings. Thermal properties of the materials used in the building envelope can reduce the energy consumed in the buildings and thus contribute to the building economy. For this purpose, in the study, structural lightweight concretes (SLWC) with a lower thermal conductivity than normal weight concrete (NWC) were produced and energy efficiency and life cycle costs were compared between these concretes on a 1 + 1 reference flat. The compressive strength, unit weights and thermal conductivity coefficients of SLWCs and NWC were determined experimentally. Heating and cooling energy consumption and life cycle costs for the flat were calculated using the DesignBuilder simulation program according to the different concrete types produced. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity coefficients of all SLWCs produced were about 37–45 % lower than those of NWC. All mixes of the SLWCs provided energy saving by about 18–25 % compared to the NWC and two SLWCs reduced the life cycle cost by 4 %. In addition, the results showed that the best SLWC about energy was not the best SLWC about life cycle cost.

scholarly journals Impact of Cycle Time and Payload of an Industrial Robot on Resource Efficiency

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Florian Stuhlenmiller ◽  
Steffi Weyand ◽  
Jens Jungblut ◽  
Liselotte Schebek ◽  
Debora Clever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
The Individual

Modern industry benefits from the automation capabilities and flexibility of robots. Consequently, the performance depends on the individual task, robot and trajectory, while application periods of several years lead to a significant impact of the use phase on the resource efficiency. In this work, simulation models predicting a robot’s energy consumption are extended by an estimation of the reliability, enabling the consideration of maintenance to enhance the assessment of the application’s life cycle costs. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment yields the greenhouse gas emissions for the individual application. Potential benefits of the combination of motion simulation and cost analysis are highlighted by the application to an exemplary system. For the selected application, the consumed energy has a distinct impact on greenhouse gas emissions, while acquisition costs govern life cycle costs. Low cycle times result in reduced costs per workpiece, however, for short cycle times and higher payloads, the probability of required spare parts distinctly increases for two critical robotic joints. Hence, the analysis of energy consumption and reliability, in combination with maintenance, life cycle costing and life cycle assessment, can provide additional information to improve the resource efficiency.

scholarly journals Expandable Houses: An Explorative Life Cycle Cost Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6974
Author(s):  
Charlotte Cambier ◽  
Waldo Galle ◽  
Niels De De Temmerman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Housing Needs

In addition to the environmental burden of its construction and demolition activities, the Flemish housing market faces a structural affordability challenge. As one possible answer, this research explores the potential of so-called expandable houses, being built increasingly often. Through specific design choices that enable the disassembly and future reuse of individual components and so align with the idea of a circular economy, expandable houses promise to provide ever-changing homes with a smaller impact on the environment and at a lower cost for clients. In this paper, an expandable house suitable for various housing needs is conceived through a scenario-based research-by-design approach and compared to a reference house for Flanders. Subsequently, for both houses the life cycle costs are calculated and compared. The results of this exploration support the proposition that designing expandable houses can be a catalyst for sustainable, circular housing development and that households could benefit from its social, economic and ecological qualities. It requires, however, a dynamic perspective on evaluating their life-cycle impact.

Life cycle cost optimization of biofuel supply chains under uncertainties based on interval linear programming

2015 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzheng Ren ◽  
Liang Dong ◽  
Lu Sun ◽  
Michael Evan Goodsite ◽  
Shiyu Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Interval Linear Programming ◽  
Interval Linear
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