Chronic Effects of Diazinon® Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus

Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in Clarias batrachus after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mean corpuscular hemoglobin, condition factor, specific growth rate, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, and total serum protein) and elevated chronic diazinon exposure concentrations. The integrated indices (IBR and BRI) indexes were used to provide visual and understandable depictions of toxicity effects and emphasized the relativity of biomarkers in terms of sensitivity and magnitude or severity of responses under graded toxicant exposures. The significant damage reflected by evaluated parameters in diazinon exposure groups compared to control portends risks to the health of local fish populations, including Clarias batrachus in aquatic systems adjacent to agrarian landscapes.

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Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2013000600010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽

Gilberto Moraes ◽

Fernando Fabrizzi ◽

Araceli Hackbarth ◽

Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

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The Growth of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta Linn.)

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.22.3-4.130 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 22 (3-4) ◽

pp. 130-144

Author(s):

MARGARET E. BROWN

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Specific Rate ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Size Hierarchy ◽

Rate Of Growth

1. Two-year-old trout were grown in environments where the following factors were controlled: temperature, amount and intensity of illumination, rate of flow, composition and aeration of the water, quality and quantity of food and amount of living space. 2. The specific growth rate of an individual depended on its size relative to that of the others in the group. It is suggested that subgroups of four or five individuals existed within the size hierarchy and were reorganized at intervals of about 3 months. 3. There was an optimum degree of crowding for rapid growth, and overcrowding led to lower appetite and efficiency of utilization of food, while under-crowded trout ate and grew erratically. 4. In spite of constant environmental conditions, all the fish had an annual growth-rate cycle, with an autumn check, a spring maximum, rapid summer growth and another autumn check, which coincided with maturation of the gonads when they became 3 years old. 5. Individual specific growth rates fluctuated over periods of 4-6 weeks, and rapid growth in length alternated with rapid growth in weight. The specific rate of growth in length was directly proportional to the condition factor. The amount of food eaten, the efficiency of utilization of food and the specific rate of growth in weight varied with the condition factor and were maximal for a factor of about 1·10. 6. The growth-rate fluctuations were exaggerated and the efficiency was greater when the food supply was restricted. At the maintenance level the change in weight was directly proportional to the amount of food eaten. The maintenance requirement decreased, relatively, with increase in body weight. 7. The mean specific growth rate was higher with less than 12 hr. per diem of the standard illumination.

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Effect of Feed Cycling on Specific Growth Rate, Condition Factor, Body Composition And Rna/Dna Ratio Of Cirrhinus mrigala.

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v10i2.43692 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F Iqbal ◽

M Ali ◽

K Umer ◽

SA Rana

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Composition ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Rate Condition ◽

Cirrhinus Mrigala

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Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Enzymes of Spawn and Fry of Clarias batrachus (Linn. 1758) Exposed to Artificial UV-B Radiation: A Biomarker Analysis

Vol. 5, No. 1 - International Journal of Zoological Investigations ◽

10.33745/ijzi.2021.v07i02.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mandal Arghya ◽

Das Subhas ◽

Patra Atanu ◽

Mondal Niladri Sekhar ◽

Ghosh Apurba Ratan

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Time Span ◽

Clarias Batrachus ◽

Oxidative Stress Enzymes ◽

Stress Enzymes ◽

The Impact

The present study investigated the impact of the artificial exposure of UV-B radiation, based on different time span and intervals, on spawn and fry of Clarias batrachus at the level of oxidative stress enzymes. The spawn and fry of C. batrachus were exposed for time span of 5 and 10 days at a duration of 5, 10 and 15 min per day. The specific growth rate (SGR%), weight gain (%WG) and oxidative stress enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (CP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and trypsin were analysed. The specific growth rate and the per cent weight gain of spawn and fry of C. batrachus were decreased as compared to control. The results of the oxidative stress enzymes, viz., SOD, CAT, GSH and NOS were decreased in both spawn and fry of C. batrachus in comparison to control. CP values were increased for both the spawn and fry as compared to control. Trypsin in spawn and fry decreased gradually. This study has been able to explore the impact of UV -B exposure on spawn and fry of C. batrachus in regard to these oxidative stress enzymes, which can be established as biomarkers in monitoring the UV-B radiation pollution. Finally, it infers that the harmful radiations may cause deterioration in fish health as well as yield, so, UV-B radiation becomes a major concern to the aquaculture industry, especially, with regard to sustainable fish production.

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EFFECT OF VARYING LEVEL OF FISHMEAL SUBSTITUTION WITH SOYABEAN MEAL ON CERTAIN SERUM METABOLITES AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN CHICKENS

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v15i.1241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 213-218

Author(s):

V. A. ALETOR ◽

O. OGUNYEMI

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Total Serum Protein ◽

Total Serum ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Soyabean Meal ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Haematological Indices

The effect of substituting fishmeal protein with soyabean meal protein on serum metabolism and some haematological indices, have been assessed, using Hyperco broiler chickens. Six diets (isonitrogenous and isocaloric) were fed, in which, 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of dietary fishmeal (FM) protein was substituted with soyabean meal (SMB) protein. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in clotting time, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume due to dietary treatments. Clotting time was longest for birds on diet 6 in which FM was completely with SMB and shortest for those on diet 3. The variations in the PCV, RBC and MCV followed no particular trend with dietary treatments. The hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Total serum protein (TSP), albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio, were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. However, significant (P < 0.05) differences were obtained in the serum urea levels as the values seemed to increase with increasing Revel of FM substitution with SBM. It was inferred, that an all-SBM feeding may have serious implications for the routine debeaking processes, especially in layers, given the much higher clotting time for birds on diet 6 m which there was 100% substitution of FM with SBM protein

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on some normal hematological values in foals and arabian horses at different ages

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v25i1.1154 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 125-132

Author(s):

A. Sh. Sultan

Keyword(s):

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Total Serum Protein ◽

Total Serum ◽

Normal Male ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Laboratory Techniques ◽

Red Blood Cell Count ◽

Hematological Values

Hematological values of twenty normal male foals at 1-6 months , 7-12 months and sixty Arabian horses at 1-5 years old were estimated respectively. Red blood cell count ( RBCS), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV% ), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential leukocyte count, total serum protein were determined using several laboratory techniques. These changes of these parameters were presented in tables in relation to the ages of these animals.

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