scholarly journals Effect of Interactions between Vehicles and Mid-Block Crosswalks on Traffic Flow and CO2 Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11794
Author(s):  
José Roberto Pérez Cruz ◽  
Noureddine Lakouari ◽  
Julio César Pérez Sansalvador ◽  
Jorge Luis Zapotecatl López
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Maximum Current

Unsignalized mid-block raised crosswalks have been adopted as inclusive transport strategies, providing humps to reduce vehicles’ speed to promote drivers to yield to pedestrians. The interaction between vehicles and pedestrians can induce local jams that can merge to become a gridlock. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between vehicles and the mid-block raised crosswalk, analyzing its effects on traffic flow, instantaneous CO2 emissions, and energy dissipation. A pedestrian–vehicle cellular automata model was developed, where a single-lane road with a mid-block raised crosswalk is considered. The lane boundaries were controlled with the injections rate (α) and extraction rate (β), while the pedestrians’ entrance was controlled with the rate (αp). The system’s phase diagram was constructed, identifying four phases: maximum current, jamming, congestion, and gridlock. All observed phase transitions are of the second order. The transition from maximum current (or jamming) phase to gridlock phase is not noticed. Moreover, since the crosswalk is a bottleneck, the gridlock phase takes place when the pedestrians’ influx exceeds a critical value (αp > 0.8). The study also revealed that the crosswalk is the main precursor of energy dissipation and CO2 emissions, whose major effects are observed during the jamming phase.

The energy dissipation at roundabout system

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950007
Author(s):  
A. Khallouk ◽  
H. Binoua ◽  
N. Lakouari ◽  
H. Echab ◽  
R. Marzoug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Exit Point ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Flow Phase ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, we propose a cellular automata model to study the energy dissipation in the roundabout system. The energy dissipation and the phase diagram of the system in the space ([Formula: see text]) are constructed. The energy dissipation profile (SE[Formula: see text](i)), and the effect of the rate [Formula: see text] (i.e., the rate of vehicles with no aimed exit point) and the probability P[Formula: see text] of choosing the next exit point to leave the circulating lane on the energy dissipation are shown. The simulation results show that the energy dissipation explains the nature of the phases, the quasi-free-flow (Q-FF) phase take place on the free flow phase because some vehicles decelerate at the entry point. Likewise, the results also indicate that the energy dissipation takes small values with the increases of the two probability [Formula: see text] and P[Formula: see text] which enhance the environmental statutes of the roundabout system.

TRAFFIC FLOW AT A SIGNAL CONTROLLED T-SHAPED INTERSECTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHONG-JUN DING ◽  
XIAO-YAN SUN ◽  
RUN-RAN LIU ◽  
QIAO-MING WANG ◽  
BING-HONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Signal Phase ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Adaptive Signal ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, traffic flow at a signal controlled T-shaped intersection with three input roads is investigated by using the cellular automata model. When each road is a double lane, the model only exists in three conflict points among three directions of flows. We introduce three-phase traffic signal and two types of signal controlling strategies, i.e. fixed signal phase order as well as adaptive signal phase order strategy, to control the traffic flow at the intersection. The phase diagram, the capacity and the average travel time of the system are investigated and compared under both strategies. The simulation results show that the traffic adaptive signal strategy is better than the fixed signal phase order strategy.

Cellular automata model simulating traffic car accidents in the on-ramp system

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1550100 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Echab ◽  
N. Lakouari ◽  
H. Ez-Zahraouy ◽  
A. Benyoussef
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Open Boundary Condition ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Left Boundary ◽  
Car Accidents

In this paper, using Nagel–Schreckenberg model we study the on-ramp system under the expanded open boundary condition. The phase diagram of the two-lane on-ramp system is computed. It is found that the expanded left boundary insertion strategy enhances the flow in the on-ramp lane. Furthermore, we have studied the probability of the occurrence of car accidents. We distinguish two types of car accidents: the accident at the on-ramp site (Prc) and the rear-end accident in the main road (Pac). It is shown that car accidents at the on-ramp site are more likely to occur when traffic is free on road A. However, the rear-end accidents begin to occur above a critical injecting rate αc1. The influence of the on-ramp length (LB) and position (xC0) on the car accidents probabilities is studied. We found that large LB or xC0 causes an important decrease of the probability Prc. However, only large xC0 provokes an increase of the probability Pac. The effect of the stochastic randomization is also computed.

Study on the Traffic Capacity of Expressway Based on Cellular Automata Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Xia ◽  
Lin Ling Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Low Load ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape Changes

Based on the Nagel-Schrekenberg cellular automaton model of traffic flow, this article analyzed the influence that driving on the right side takes to the traffic flow in the condition of light and heavy traffic. With the combination of fluid dynamics and vehicle dynamics, we established the Cellular Automata model for mixed speed two-lane traffic flow on the rule driving on the right side. Then we used the AHP method to find out the large bus share rate, the number of vehicles changing lanes and the influence law of safety factors on traffic flow. We came to a conclusion that the relationship between traffic flow and load are inverted U shape changes in the low load and high load conditions, the accident rate is the maximum when the V/C (the ratio of traffic flow and the ability of corresponding section) is the minimum; with the increase of V/C, the accident rate decreased gradually.

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