Anatomy of a grammatical tone

“Induced Creaky Tone (ICT)” is a grammatical tone in Burmese. It is the result of a process by which Low or High tone is changed into Creaky tone. This alternation is multifunctional, and one of its functions is possessor marking. This paper demonstrates several well-distinguished conditions of different nature and different domain for this tonal alternation. ICT is primarily induced by syntax, varies due to pragmatic factors, occurs only on the shared right boundary of phrases and stem forms, and its phonological condition has a domain stretching to the left boundary of the prosodic word. A comprehensive account of such conditions provides the basis for a grammatical analysis which tests the theoretical options for representing a tonal morpheme in the morpho-syntactic structure of a sentence. It also sheds light on other issues such as the interfaces between phonology and grammar, and between tonal morphology and tonal syntax.

Multimodal analysis of quotation in oral narratives

We investigate direct speech quotation in informal oral narratives by analyzing the contribution of bodily articulators (character viewpoint gestures, character facial expression, character intonation, and the meaningful use of gaze) in three quote environments, or quote sequences – single quotes, quoted monologues and quoted dialogues – and in initial vs. non-initial position within those sequences. Our analysis draws on findings from the linguistic and multimodal realization of quotation, where multiple articulators are often observed to be co-produced with single direct speech quotes (e.g. Thompson & Suzuki 2014), especially on the so-called left boundary of the quote (Sidnell 2006). We use logistic regression to model multimodal quote production across and within quote sequences, and find unique sets of multimodal articulators accompanying each quote sequence type. We do not, however, find unique sets of multimodal articulators which distinguish initial from non-initial utterances; utterance position is instead predicted by type of quote and presence of a quoting predicate. Our findings add to the growing body of research on multimodal quotation, and suggest that the multimodal production of quotation is more sensitive to the number of characters and utterances which are quoted than to the difference between introducing and maintaining a quoted characters’ perspective.

Cellular automata model simulating traffic car accidents in the on-ramp system

In this paper, using Nagel–Schreckenberg model we study the on-ramp system under the expanded open boundary condition. The phase diagram of the two-lane on-ramp system is computed. It is found that the expanded left boundary insertion strategy enhances the flow in the on-ramp lane. Furthermore, we have studied the probability of the occurrence of car accidents. We distinguish two types of car accidents: the accident at the on-ramp site (Prc) and the rear-end accident in the main road (Pac). It is shown that car accidents at the on-ramp site are more likely to occur when traffic is free on road A. However, the rear-end accidents begin to occur above a critical injecting rate αc1. The influence of the on-ramp length (LB) and position (xC0) on the car accidents probabilities is studied. We found that large LB or xC0 causes an important decrease of the probability Prc. However, only large xC0 provokes an increase of the probability Pac. The effect of the stochastic randomization is also computed.

Minimum-Energy Multiwavelet Frame on the Interval[0,1]

Drawing inspiration from the idea of combining multiwavelets on the interval with frame theory organically, we study minimum-energy multiwavelet frame on the interval[0,1](MEMWFI). Firstly, left boundary multiscaling functions, right boundary multiscaling functions, and the definition of MEMWFI are put forward, and the equivalent characterizations of MEMWFI are given. Then, two algorithms of constructing MEMWFI are proposed. Finally, the decomposition formula, reconstruction formulas, and numerical examples are given.

De l’existence des prédicats d’achèvements

The very existence of achievements (defined as instantaneous eventualities) is often questioned in the literature, which is why our first objective is to maintain that this aspectual class does exist, in the verbal as in the nominal domains. Thanks to a series of tests, we distinguish three subclasses of achievements : pure achievements (mere boundaries), right-boundary achievements (boundaries that are preceded by preparatory activity), and left-boundary achievements (boundaries that are followed by a stative interval). We use this aspectual classification as a basis to study aspectual inheritance from verbs to morphologically related (derived) nouns.

A Third-Orderp-Laplacian Boundary Value Problem Solved by an SL(3,ℝ)Lie-Group Shooting Method

The boundary layer problem for power-law fluid can be recast to a third-orderp-Laplacian boundary value problem (BVP). In this paper, we transform the third-orderp-Laplacian into a new system which exhibits a Lie-symmetry SL(3,ℝ). Then, the closure property of the Lie-group is used to derive a linear transformation between the boundary values at two ends of a spatial interval. Hence, we can iteratively solve the missing left boundary conditions, which are determined by matching the right boundary conditions through a finer tuning ofr∈[0,1]. The present SL(3,ℝ)Lie-group shooting method is easily implemented and is efficient to tackle the multiple solutions of the third-orderp-Laplacian. When the missing left boundary values can be determined accurately, we can apply the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method to obtain a quite accurate numerical solution of thep-Laplacian.

Refined Inversion Statistics on Permutations

We introduce and study new refinements of inversion statistics for permutations, such as $k$-step inversions, (the number of inversions with fixed position differences) and non-inversion sums (the sum of the differences of positions of the non-inversions of a permutation). We also provide a distribution function for non-inversion sums, a distribution function for $k$-step inversions that relates to the Eulerian polynomials, and special cases of distribution functions for other statistics we introduce, such as $(\le\!\!k)$-step inversions and $(k_1,k_2)$-step inversions (that fix the value separation as well as the position). We connect our refinements to other work, such as inversion tops that are $0$ modulo a fixed integer $d$, left boundary sums of paths, and marked meshed patterns. Finally, we use non-inversion sums to show that for every number $n>34$, there is a permutation such that the dot product of that permutation and the identity permutation (of the same length) is $n$.