scholarly journals A Perceptual Evaluation of Individual and Non-Individual HRTFs: A Case Study of the SADIE II Database

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cal Armstrong ◽  
Lewis Thresh ◽  
Damian Murphy ◽  
Gavin Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Spatial Audio ◽  
Frequency Compensation ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Processing Techniques

As binaural audio continues to permeate immersive technologies, it is vital to develop a detailed understanding of the perceptual relevance of HRTFs. Previous research has explored the benefit of individual HRTFs with respect to localisation. However, localisation is only one metric with which it is possible to rate spatial audio. This paper evaluates the perceived timbral and spatial characteristics of both individual and non-individual HRTFs and compares the results to overall preference. To that end, the measurement and evaluation of a high-resolution multi-environment binaural Impulse Response database is presented for 20 subjects, including the KU100 and KEMAR binaural mannequins. Post-processing techniques, including low frequency compensation and diffuse field equalisation are discussed in relation to the 8802 unique HRTFs measured for each mannequin and 2818/2114 HRTFs measured for each human. Listening test results indicate that particular HRTF sets are preferred more generally by subjects over their own individual measurements.

scholarly journals Selecting Program Material by Audio Features for Low-Frequency Perceptual Evaluation of Loudspeakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Pei Yu ◽  
Shufeng Zhang ◽  
Xuelei Feng ◽  
Ziyun Liu ◽  
Yong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Program Material ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Audio Features ◽  
Listening Tests

The program material is of great importance for the results of the listening tests on loudspeakers, while the process of how to select the program material remains ambiguous. This paper investigates the criterion for selecting programs suitable for low-frequency perceptual evaluation based on the audio features of the program. A listening test was conducted to identify the more discriminating and revealing programs in the low-frequency range. Based on the listening test results, various characteristics of the programs, including dynamic, timbral, rhythmic, and spectral features, were extracted. Their relationships with the program’s discrimination ability are discussed. The results suggest that programs with a slow and clear rhythm and a smooth and even spectrum in the whole band are more discriminating in detecting the spectral differences in the low frequencies. By using these significant features, a discriminant analysis was performed to predict the ability of the program to reveal the spectral irregularities. The predictive accuracy of the derived discriminant function was 95% in separating the discriminating and undiscriminating programs.

Ultra-Deepwater Model Testing of a Semisubmersible and Hybrid Verification

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Kendon ◽  
Ola Oritsland ◽  
Rolf J. Baarholm ◽  
Svein I. Karlsen ◽  
Carl-Trygve Stansberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Test ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Verification ◽  
Good Agreement

Model test verification of floater systems in ultra-deep water meets limitations when it comes to available laboratory sizes. Systems in depths beyond 1000–1500 m cannot be tested at reasonable scales without the truncation of the mooring and riser system. The development of methods and procedures to overcome this problem has been addressed through extensive research programs at MARINTEK (VERIDEEP, VERIDEEP Extension, NDP, DEMO2000). This led to a hybrid verification procedure which combines reasonable truncation principles, model tests of the truncated system, and numerical simulations, to estimate the system’s response at full depth. There is, however, still a need to address the actual influence from the truncation procedure, and from the integration with simulations, on the final extrapolated full depth results. This paper presents a case study for the validation of the procedure, that compares full depth model test results of a semisubmersible in water depth 1250m against the extrapolated full depth results obtained from a truncated system of 500m. Results are presented for line tension and vessel responses in 3 seastates. In general the extrapolated full depth results were found to be in good agreement with the full depth model tests. However, the results confirmed expectation that the low frequency response has the greater uncertainties and presents the greatest challenge for the procedure.

PENGKAJIAN KEKUATAN BETON STRUKTUR JEMBATAN PASCA KEBAKARAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarmadi Sudarmadi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Concrete Testing

In this paper a case study about concrete strength assessment of bridge structure experiencing fire is discussed. Assessment methods include activities of visual inspection, concrete testing by Hammer Test, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test, and Core Test. Then, test results are compared with the requirement of RSNI T-12-2004. Test results show that surface concrete at the location of fire deteriorates so that its quality is decreased into the category of Very Poor with ultrasonic pulse velocity ranges between 1,14 – 1,74 km/s. From test results also it can be known that concrete compressive strength of inner part of bridge pier ranges about 267 – 274 kg/cm2 and concrete compressive strength of beam and plate experiencing fire directly is about 173 kg/cm2 and 159 kg/cm2. It can be concluded that surface concrete strength at the location of fire does not meet the requirement of RSNI T-12-2004. So, repair on surface concrete of pier, beam, and plate at the location of fire is required.

Rancang Bangun Piranti Lunak Pengolah Data Pasca Pengujian Terowongan Angin Kecepatan Rendah Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Ivransa Zuhdi Pane
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Test Objects ◽  
Processing Requirement

Data post-processing plays important roles in a wind tunnel test, especially in supporting the validation of the test results and further data analysis related to the design activities of the test objects. One effective solution to carry out the data post-processing in an automated productive manner, and thus eliminate the cumbersome conventional manual way, is building a software which is able to execute calculations and have abilities in presenting and analyzing the data in accordance with the post-processing requirement. Through several prototype development cycles, this work attempts to engineer and realize such software to enhance the overall wind tunnel test activities. Index Terms—software engineering, wind tunnel test, data post-processing, prototype, pseudocode

scholarly journals Creation of Auditory Augmented Reality Using a Position-Dynamic Binaural Synthesis System—Technical Components, Psychoacoustic Needs, and Perceptual Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Stephan Werner ◽  
Florian Klein ◽  
Annika Neidhardt ◽  
Ulrike Sloma ◽  
Christian Schneiderwind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Spatial Audio ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Audio Reproduction

For a spatial audio reproduction in the context of augmented reality, a position-dynamic binaural synthesis system can be used to synthesize the ear signals for a moving listener. The goal is the fusion of the auditory perception of the virtual audio objects with the real listening environment. Such a system has several components, each of which help to enable a plausible auditory simulation. For each possible position of the listener in the room, a set of binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) congruent with the expected auditory environment is required to avoid room divergence effects. Adequate and efficient approaches are methods to synthesize new BRIRs using very few measurements of the listening room. The required spatial resolution of the BRIR positions can be estimated by spatial auditory perception thresholds. Retrieving and processing the tracking data of the listener’s head-pose and position as well as convolving BRIRs with an audio signal needs to be done in real-time. This contribution presents work done by the authors including several technical components of such a system in detail. It shows how the single components are affected by psychoacoustics. Furthermore, the paper also discusses the perceptive effect by means of listening tests demonstrating the appropriateness of the approaches.

scholarly journals Post-Processing Techniques for the Improvement of Liposome Stability

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Ji Young Yu ◽  
Piyanan Chuesiang ◽  
Gye Hwa Shin ◽  
Hyun Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Spray Freeze Drying ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Aggregation ◽  
Liposome Stability

Liposomes have been utilized as a drug delivery system to increase the bioavailability of drugs and to control the rate of drug release at the target site of action. However, the occurrence of self-aggregation, coalescence, flocculation and the precipitation of aqueous liposomes during formulation or storage can cause degradation of the vesicle structure, leading to the decomposition of liposomes. To increase the stability of liposomes, post-processing techniques have been applied as an additional process to liposomes after formulation to remove water and generate dry liposome particles with a higher stability and greater accessibility for drug administration in comparison with aqueous liposomes. This review covers the effect of these techniques including freeze drying, spray drying and spray freeze drying on the stability, physicochemical properties and drug encapsulation efficiency of dry liposomes. The parameters affecting the properties of liposomes during the drying process are also highlighted in this review. In addition, the impact of using a protective agent to overcome such limitations of each process is thoroughly discussed through various studies.

Fish Attraction with Pulsed Low-Frequency Sound

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Underwater Television

A series of tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of pulsed low-frequency acoustic signals for attracting fishes. The acoustic signals were contrived to simulate the hydrodynamically generated disturbances normally associated with active predation. Underwater television was used to observe fish arrivals during both control and test periods. Demersal predatory fishes were successfully attracted although they habituated rapidly to the acoustic stimulus. Members of the families Serranidae, Lutjanidae, and Pomadasyidae were particularly well represented among the fishes attracted. Sharks were also attracted in considerable numbers. Herbivorous reef fishes, although common around the test site, were not attracted. Possible relationships between the test results and the hearing capabilities of fishes are discussed. It is concluded that acoustic attraction techniques have potential applications in certain existing commercial fisheries.

Shock Test and Acceleration Analysis Methods of Marine Diesel Engines to Underwater Explosions

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Zhao ◽  
Rui Bo Zhang ◽  
De Bin Zhu ◽  
Hong Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shock Test ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Acceleration Analysis

Shock test of marine diesel engine is the important content for ship anti-shock research. Plentiful shock tests of equipments have been carried out abroad, but there is no detailed test methods of diesel engine. According to simulation results, 8-channel acceleration test points are determined. Because diesel engine is working, the measured shock acceleration is interfered by vibration signal. Orthogonal wavelet decomposition and wavelet noise reduction methods are used to separate shock component from test results. The seperated shock component consists of two parts. One is the low-frequency part caused by the shock from diesel foundation and then attenuation through the isolator, the other is the high-frequency part caused by the secondary shock of the retainer.

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