scholarly journals Simulation-Supported Testing of Smart Energy Product Prototypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonzo Sierra ◽  
Cihan Gercek ◽  
Stefan Übermasser ◽  
Angèle Reinders
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
End User ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Home Energy Management ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
Efficient Energy Use

Smart energy products and services (SEPS) have a key role in the development of smart grids, and testing methods such as co-simulation and scenario-based simulations can be useful tools for evaluating the potential of new SEPS concepts during their early development stages. Three innovative conceptual designs for home energy management products (HEMPs)—a specific category of SEPS—were successfully tested using a simulation environment, validating their operation using simulated production and load profiles. For comparison with reality, end user tests were carried out on two of the HEMP concepts and showed mixed results for achieving more efficient energy use, with one of the concepts reducing energy consumption by 27% and the other increasing it by 25%. The scenario-based simulations provided additional insights on the performance of these products, matching some of the general trends observed during end user tests but failing to sufficiently approximate the observed results. Overall, the presented testing methods successfully evaluated the performance of HEMPs under various use conditions and identified bottlenecks, which could be improved in future designs. It is recommended that in addition to HEMPs, these tests are repeated with different SEPS and energy systems to enhance the robustness of the methods.

scholarly journals Modelling End-User Behavior and Behavioral Change in Smart Grids. An Application of the Model of Frame Selection

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6674
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hoffmann ◽  
Fabian Adelt ◽  
Johannes Weyer
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
End Users ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
System Stability ◽  
End User ◽  
Frame Selection ◽  
Model Of Frame Selection ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
Strong Control

This paper presents an agent-based model (ABM) for residential end-users, which is part of a larger, interdisciplinary co-simulation framework that helps to investigate the performance of future power distribution grids (i.e., smart grid scenarios). Different modes of governance (strong, soft and self-organization) as well as end-users’ heterogeneous behavior represent key influential factors. Feedback was implemented as a measure to foster grid-beneficial behavior, which encompasses a range of monetary and non-monetary incentives (e.g., via social comparison). The model of frame selection (MFS) serves as theoretical background for modelling end-users’ decision-making. Additionally, we conducted an online survey to ground the end-user sub-model on empirical data. Despite these empirical and theoretical foundations, the model presented should be viewed as a conceptual framework, which requires further data collection. Using an example scenario, representing a lowly populated residential area (167 households) with a high share of photovoltaic systems (30%), different modes of governance were compared with regard to their suitability for improving system stability (measured in cumulated load). Both soft and strong control were able to decrease overall fluctuations as well as the mean cumulated load (by approx. 10%, based on weekly observation). However, we argue that soft control could be sufficient and more societally desirable.

Rational and efficient energy use programs in Non-Interconnected Zones in Colombia: a system dynamics analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. García-Franco ◽  
Sandra X. Carvajal-Quintero ◽  
Santiago Arango-Aramburo
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Efficient Energy Use

Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Hot-Pressed and Hot-Deformed Composite Magnets Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 740-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Long Ma ◽  
Deng Ming Chen ◽  
Qian Shen ◽  
Peng Jun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
Fe Addition

Bulk isotropic and anisotropic Nd13.5Fe80.4Ga0.5B5.6 and Nd13.5Fe80.4Ga0.5B5.6/Fe magnets were synthesized by applying spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The effect of hot-pressing temperature on the magnetic properties of hot-pressed (HP) and hot-deformed (HD) magnets without additive and with 5% Fe addition was investigated. With increasing sintering temperature for HP magnets, the grain grew gradually. For HD magnets, the optimal magnetic properties could be obtained at hot-pressing temperature 680°C due to the development of desired c-axis texture and uniform microstructure, which resulted from the appropriate and uniform grain size in HP magnets. Fe addition could enhance remanence (Br) and magnetic energy products ((BH)m) of HP and HD magnets. However, the maximum magnetic energy product of HD magnets decreased when hot-pressing temperature was higher than 650°C.

scholarly journals A Proposal for End-to-End QoS Provisioning in Software-Defined Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Lucrezia ◽  
Guido Marchetto ◽  
Fulvio Risso ◽  
Michele Santuari ◽  
Matteo Gerola
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Service Level ◽  
End User ◽  
Delay Bound ◽  
Qos Guarantee ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Network Controller ◽  
Edge Network ◽  
End To End

This paper describes a framework application for the control plane of a network infrastructure; the objective is to feature end-user applications with the capability of requesting at any time a customised end-to-end Quality-of-Service profile in the context of dynamic Service-Level-Agreements. Our solution targets current and future real-time applications that require tight QoS parameters, such as a guaranteed end-to-end delay bound. These applications include, but are not limited to, health-care, mobility, education, manufacturing, smart grids, gaming and much more. We discuss the issues related to the previous Integrated Service and the reason why the RSVP protocol for guaranteed QoS did not take off. Then we present a new signaling and resource reservation framework based on the cutting-edge network controller ONOS.  Moreover, the presented system foresees the need of considering the edges of the network, where terminal applications are connected to, to be piloted by distinct logically centralised controllers. We discuss a possible inter-domain communication mechanism to achieve the end-to-end QoS guarantee.

scholarly journals The Effect of Energy Consumption on Output: A Panel Data Study of Manufacturing Industries in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Iman Al-Ayouty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Electrical Machinery ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
Energy Products

Subsidizing electricity and non-electrical energy products has affected manufacturing output in Egypt, especially given the structure of Egypt’s manufacturing sector which leaning heavily towards capital- and energy-intensive products. This effect is captured in a production function estimated for the twenty industries making up Egypt’s manufacturing sector over the period 2002-2016. With homogeneous parameters, the estimated output elasticity of energy is 0.28. With panel member parameter heterogeneity, the output elasticity of energy is positive and statistically significant in ten manufacturing industries. Negative and statistically significant elasticity is however found in refined petroleum products, fabricated metal products, and electrical machinery and equipment. This indicates suboptimal energy use. Elasticity is also negative, though statistically insignificant, in: textiles, basic metals, and “other manufacturing”. Except for “other manufacturing”, industries of negative elasticity are all energy-intensive.  Moreover, refined petroleum, fabricated metals and basic metals are pollution-intensive. A priority policy measure is to remove subsidies from energy inefficient and polluting industries as opposed to mere ‘across-the-board’ removal. Keywords: energy consumption; manufacturing industries; energy- and pollution intensive; Egypt

The Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Consumption in the United States: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kahn ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
End User ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lockdown measures and mobility restrictions implemented to combat the spread of the novel COVID-19 virus have impacted energy consumption patterns, particularly in the United States. A review of available data and literature on the impact of the pandemic on energy consumption is performed to understand the current knowledge on this topic. The overall decline of energy use during lockdown restrictions can best be identified through the analysis of energy consumption by source and end-user breakdown. Using monthly energy consumption data, the total 9-months use between January and September for the years 2015–2020 are calculated for each end-use. The cumulative consumption within these 9 months of the petroleum, natural gas, biomass, and electricity energy by the various end-use sectors are compared to identify a shift in use throughout time with the calculation of the percent change from 2019 to 2020. The analysis shows that the transportation sector experienced the most dramatic decline, having a subsequent impact on the primary energy it uses. A steep decline in the use of petroleum and natural gas by the transportation sector has had an inevitable impact on the emission of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants during the pandemic. Additionally, the most current data for the consumption of electricity by each state and each end-user in the times before and during the pandemic highlights the impact of specific lockdown procedures on energy use. The average total consumption for each state was found for the years 2015–2019. This result is used calculation of yearly growth rate and average annual growth rate in 2020 for each state and end-user. The total average annual growth rate for 2020 was used to find a correlation coefficient between COVID-19 case and death rates as well as population density and lockdown duration. To further examine the relationship a correlation coefficient was calculated between the 2020 average annual growth rate for all sectors and average annual growth rate for each individual end-user.

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