scholarly journals Smart Parking: A Literature Review from the Technological Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonattan J. Barriga ◽  
Juan Sulca ◽  
José Luis León ◽  
Alejandro Ulloa ◽  
Diego Portero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Selection Of

The development and high growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) have improved quality of life and strengthened different areas in society. Many cities worldwide are looking forward to becoming smart. One of the most popular use cases in smart cities is the implementation of smart parking solutions, as they allow people to optimize time, reduce fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. Smart parking solutions have a defined architecture with particular components (sensors, communication protocols, and software solutions). Although there are only three components that compose a smart parking solution, it is important to mention that each component has many types that can be used in the deployment of these solutions. This paper identifies the most used types of every component and highlights usage trends in the established analysis period. It provides a complementary perspective and represents a very useful source of information. The scientific community could use this information to decide regarding the selection of types of components to implement a smart parking solution. For this purpose, herein we review several works related to smart parking solutions deployment. To achieve this goal, a semi-cyclic adaptation of the action research methodology combined with a systematic review is used to select papers related to the subject of study. The most relevant papers were reviewed to identify subcategories for each component; these classifications are presented in tables to mark the relevance of each paper accordingly. Trends of usage in terms of sensors, protocols and software solutions are analyzed and discussed in every section. In addition to the trends of usage, this paper determines a guide of complementary features from the type of components that should be considered when implementing a smart parking solution.

Thomas More’s Correspondence in a Spanish Ambiance

Moreana ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (Number 149) (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Olivares Merino
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The recent reprinting of Álvaro de Silva’s 1998 edition of a selection of More’s letters prompts the author to examine the subject of Spanish translations of More, and of de Silva’s general commentary on More’s correspondence and on his relationship to other humanists. The author reflects on aspects of More’s personality as exposed in his letters and uses what he finds as a corrective to several biographical misconceptions. He points out the strengths and weaknesses of de Silva’s work and compares it with that of other translators, particularly Elizabeth Rogers, and notes the particularly Spanish quality of de Silva’s edition.

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined. 

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Monotonic Relation

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature ofurban areas. This study explored issue ofmeasuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% ofneighbourhoods, area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined.

Robust Networking: Dynamic Topology Evolution Learning for Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ning Chen ◽  
Tie Qiu ◽  
Mahmoud Daneshmand ◽  
Dapeng Oliver Wu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Communication Capacity ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Evolution Learning

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been extensively deployed in smart cities. However, with the expanding scale of networking, the failure of some nodes in the network severely affects the communication capacity of IoT applications. Therefore, researchers pay attention to improving communication capacity caused by network failures for applications that require high quality of services (QoS). Furthermore, the robustness of network topology is an important metric to measure the network communication capacity and the ability to resist the cyber-attacks induced by some failed nodes. While some algorithms have been proposed to enhance the robustness of IoT topologies, they are characterized by large computation overhead, and lacking a lightweight topology optimization model. To address this problem, we first propose a novel robustness optimization using evolution learning (ROEL) with a neural network. ROEL dynamically optimizes the IoT topology and intelligently prospects the robust degree in the process of evolutionary optimization. The experimental results demonstrate that ROEL can represent the evolutionary process of IoT topologies, and the prediction accuracy of network robustness is satisfactory with a small error ratio. Our algorithm has a better tolerance capacity in terms of resistance to random attacks and malicious attacks compared with other algorithms.

Internet of Things Application for Intelligent Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
Wissam Abbass ◽  
Amine Baina ◽  
Mostafa Bellafkih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Risk Assessment ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Dynamic Services ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The rapid growth of the world's population is placing a huge strain on the existing infrastructures. As a quest for accommodating this growth, interest is turned to the internet of things (IoT). In fact, the IoT is significantly improving today's quality of life by innovating the provided services and enhancing communication and interaction. Furthermore, it has also empowered real-time decision making by introducing dynamic services for innovative traffic handling, energy-efficient infrastructure saving, and public safety ensuring. However, IoT applications for smart cities is still a major issue as it lacks assuring privacy and security within provided services. In this chapter, the authors pinpoint IoT's security risk assessment challenges and examine its critical influence on smart cities. Additionally, they highlight the key aspects characterizing a smart city which also represent the critical assets requiring security risk assessment. Moreover, they discuss the resulting issues and their related countermeasures.

scholarly journals Strategies for the Development of Smart Cities: The Case of Kalampaka-Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Christos Stamopoulos ◽  
Eleni Theodoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Construction Strategies ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The present paper investigates the characteristics and best construction strategies of smart cities around the world, as well as the determining factors of the satisfaction of the quality of life and the importance of the value of environmental sustainability. A case study of the city of Kalampaka and its residents was examined. The survey was conducted between July 2016 and August 2016. The selection of the sample was done by using the method of simple selection and includes a random sample of N=150 individuals. Statistical analysis showed that resident’s knowledge about smart cities was fairly good (48% of sample knew the phrase “smart cities”). Furthermore, they believe that the appearance of the city of Kalampaka needs improvement (75% of sample is disappointed with the current appearance of the city). Regression analysis showed that the value of environmental sustainability is greatly influenced by the energy saving, as well as, innovation has an impact on the level of quality of life. Older people seem to be satisfied with administration’s efforts.

scholarly journals Soft Sensor Application in Identification of the Activated Sludge Bulking Considering the Technological and Economical Aspects of Smart Systems Functioning

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Szeląg ◽  
Jakub Drewnowski ◽  
Grzegorz Łagód ◽  
Dariusz Majerek ◽  
Ewa Dacewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soft Sensor ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Sludge Bulking ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presented the methodology for the construction of a soft sensor used for activated sludge bulking identification. Devising such solutions fits within the current trends and development of a smart system and infrastructure within smart cities. In order to optimize the selection of the data-mining method depending on the data collected within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a number of methods were considered, including: artificial neural networks, support vector machines, random forests, boosted trees, and logistic regression. The analysis conducted sought the combinations of independent variables for which the devised soft sensor is characterized with high accuracy and at a relatively low cost of determination. With the measurement results pertaining to the quantity and quality of wastewater as well as the temperature in the activated sludge chambers, a good fit can be achieved with the boosted trees method. In order to simplify the selection of an optimal method for the identification of activated sludge bulking depending on the model requirements and the data collected within the WWTP, an original system of weight estimation was proposed, enabling a reduction in the number of independent variables in a model—quantity and quality of wastewater, operational parameters, and the cost of conducting measurements.

scholarly journals The Use of IoT Technology in Smart Cities and Smart Villages: Similarities, Differences, and Future Prospects

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Cvar ◽  
Jure Trilar ◽  
Andrej Kos ◽  
Mojca Volk ◽  
Emilija Stojmenova Duh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Initially, the concept of Smart Cities (urban settlement) originated from the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, however, the use of IoT technology can be extended to the concept of Smart Villages (rural settlement) as well, improving the life of the villagers, and the communities as a whole. Yet, the rural settlements have slightly different requirements than the urban like settlements. If application of IoT in Smart Cities can be characterized by densification of IoT to day-to-day life, following cities’ structural characteristics of being densely settled places, IoT empowered Smart Villages are usually a system of dispersion and deficiency. In this manner, this research paper will address and discuss different application areas of IoT technology, identifying differences, but also similarities in both ecosystems, while trying to illuminate the standardization efforts that can be applicable in both contexts. In our text we will propose the following IoT application domains, which will also serve as a base for research on smart villages: 1. Natural Resources and Energy, 2. Transport and Mobility, 3. Smart Building, 4. Daily Life, 5. Government, and 6. Economy and Society. By providing an overview of technical solutions that support smart solutions in Smart Cities and Smart Villages this research paper will evaluate how, with IoT empowered Smart Villages and Smart Cities, an overall improvement of quality of life of their inhabitants can be achieved.

scholarly journals From the ivory tower to the public square: Strategies to restore public trust in science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Deviri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Evaluation ◽  
Public Square

For centuries, the scientific community has played a major part in the progress of humanity. Scientific and technological innovations have boosted labour productivity, enabled important social progress, eradicated diseases, and generally improved the quality of life for most people. However, over the last decades, a worrisome trend of science-skepticism is on the rise. At the level of individuals, it renders citizens non-cooperating with scientifically informed policies, such as vaccination and social distancing policies. At the level of communities, which are often organized politically, skepticism may prevent translation of scientific consensus to political consensus and adoption of needed policies, such as reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Here, we consider the mechanisms that may underlie the diminishing trust in the scientific community, and suggest five strategies to regain this trust: (1) Incentivize direct public outreach. (2) Form a nationwide science communication network. (3) Adopt official, agnostic stands in non-scientific debates. (4) Continuously communicate with leaders of wary groups. (5) Strive for unbiased academic evaluation practices. Following these strategies will hopefully increase public trust by adapting science communication to the era of social media, diversifying the scientific community, and facilitating collaboration with wary communities.

scholarly journals Legal relations peculiarities as a subject of legal regulation in the complex law branch

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Dobroboh
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with theoretical study of the selection of specific features of legal relations of complex lawbranches on the example of environmental law. Today, the subject of legal regulation in this area is public relations for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in order to ensure the quality of the environment in the interests of present and future generations.

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