scholarly journals Preliminary Design and Validation of a 3D-Printed Continuously Variable Transmission for an Electric Vehicle Prototype

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Marcos R. C. Coimbra ◽  
Társis P. Barbosa ◽  
César M. A. Vasques
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Original Part ◽  
Made In

This article discusses the progress made in developing a new 3D-printed continuously variable transmission (CVT) for an electric vehicle (EV) prototype competing in the Shell Eco-marathon electric battery category, a global energy efficiency competition sponsored by Shell. The proposed system is composed of a polymeric conic gear assembled in the motor axle and directly coupled to the rear tire of the vehicle. The conical shape allows to implement a continuous variation of the gear diameter in contact with the tire. The motor with the gear was mounted over a board with linear bearings, allowing the speed ratio to change by moving the board laterally. A 3D-printing slicing software with an optimization algorithm plug-in was used to determine the best printing parameters for the conic gear based on the tangential force, maximum displacement and safety factor. When compared to the original part with a 100% infill density, the optimized solution reduced the component mass by about 12% while maintaining safe mechanical resistance and stiffness.

scholarly journals Real-Time Control Strategy for CVT-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Drivability Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangyang Li ◽  
Yunshan Zhou ◽  
Huanjian Xiong ◽  
Bing Fu ◽  
Zhiliang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Equivalent Factor ◽  
Hybrid Electric

The energy management strategy has a great influence on the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, and the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) has proved to be a useful tool for the real-time optimal control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). However, the adaptation of the equivalent factor poses a major challenge in order to obtain optimal fuel consumption as well as robustness to varying driving cycles. In this paper, an adaptive-ECMS based on driving pattern recognition (DPR) is established for hybrid electric vehicles with continuously variable transmission. The learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network model was adopted for the on-line DPR algorithm. The influence of the battery state of charge (SOC) on the optimal equivalent factor was studied under different driving patterns. On this basis, a method of adaptation of the equivalent factor was proposed by considering the type of driving pattern and the battery SOC. Besides that, in order to enhance drivability, penalty terms were introduced to constrain frequent engine on/off events and large variations of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) speed ratio. Simulation results showed that the proposed method efficiently improved the equivalent fuel consumption with charge-sustaining operations and also took into account driving comfort.

Ratio Control Strategy for an Electromechanical Continuously Variable Transmission Based on Engine Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2861-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Jiang ◽  
Hong Yi Liu ◽  
Jian Jun Hao ◽  
Yue Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
New Type ◽  
Dynamical Coupling

Electromechanical control CVT (EM-CVT) is a new type of continuously variable transmission, and its ratio quality is an important parameter validated the performance of vehicle. In order to study the dynamical coupling technology between EM-CVT and engine under the running state of vehicle, the special character of two working models is obtained by engine experiment; according to the principle of the EM-CVT, the relation between vehicle speed and ration is theoretically analyzed. Based on the basic theory of PID control, the improved PID control algorithm is proposed for the speed ratio control of the EM-CVT, and experimental verification is made. The experimental results show that there is a significant effect on the system with this algorithm.

Theoretical Model of Metal V-Belt Drives During Rapid Ratio Changing

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Carbone ◽  
L. Mangialardi ◽  
G. Mantriota
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Transient Condition ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Dynamical Response ◽  
Rapid Variation ◽  
Axial Thrust ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Ratio Speed ◽  
Variable Transmission

Today the use of metal V-belt (MVB) on C.V.T. (continuously variable transmission) based systems is the rule in automotive applications. The great advantage of this kind of belt is the capability to resist the moving half-pulley’s high axial thrust necessary to transmit the large torque involved. This paper suggest a theoretical model of belt’s behavior during rapid ratio speed changes with the aim to represent the dynamical response of the system during the transient condition. The paper proposes a relation which correlates some easily measurable macroscopic quantities: axial thrust, torque transmitted and belt’s tensions on the slack and tight side. The metal V-belt consists of wedge-shaped plates that are supported by a flexible band, of which there are two types: the metal V-belt without clearance and the metal V-belt with clearance between plates. Our investigation is carried out for the first type of belt and under the hypothesis that there is a rapid variation of speed ratio. The result, that has been reached, allows to predict the behavior of the system and simplifies the planning of continuously variable transmission with metal V-belt.

Modeling of a Hybrid-Hydraulic Electric Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Hamzehlouia ◽  
Afshin Izadian ◽  
Sohel Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Continuous Variable Transmission ◽  
Variable Transmission

This paper introduces modeling of a gearless hydraulic transmission system that provides an infinite speed ratio like continuous variable transmission (CVT). The transmission system is modeled in various operating conditions such as all-electric and gasoline configurations. The results demonstrate the high performance operation of the transmission system.

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