scholarly journals Sprinkler Irrigation Is Effective in Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Potato Field in an Arid Region: A Two-Year Field Experiment

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Yuehu Kang ◽  
Zhiwen Feng ◽  
Peng Gu ◽  
Huiyang Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Potato Field ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Overhead Sprinkler

In arid and semi-arid regions, water-saving irrigation is the primary mode of local agricultural production. Since the chemical fertilizer is the principal source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, we present results from a two-year (2016–2017) field experiment on a potato field to verify the general influence of water-saving irrigation on N2O emissions. A split-plot experiment was established with two irrigation systems and two fertilizer treatments, which give a total of four treatments. Two different irrigation systems were investigated: (i) flood irrigation with nitrogen fertilizer (NF-FI) combined with a control without any fertilizer (C-FI) and (ii) overhead sprinkler irrigation with a nitrogen fertilizer (NF-SI) accompanied with a control without any fertilizer (C-SI). The N2O emissions of the fertilizer treatment were greater than those of the control under each irrigation system. In plots where the fertilizers were applied, using overhead sprinkler irrigation reduced the average cumulative N2O emissions between 40.72% and 59.65% compared with flood irrigation. This was mainly due to the lower amount of water applied and the lower availability of NO3−-N and NH4+-N of soil associated with an overhead sprinkler irrigation. This work shows that the overhead sprinkler irrigation is an effective strategy to use to save water and mitigate emissions of the atmospheric pollutants N2O in comparison to flood irrigation.

Performance of pea under different irrigation systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Ramana Rao ◽  
Suchi Gangwar ◽  
Arpna Bajpai ◽  
Ravish Keshri ◽  
Lavesh Chourasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Micro Irrigation

The field experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal on influence of different irrigation methods in three continuous years (2010-2013) on the performance pea crop. Conventional flood irrigation, micro sprinkler and drip irrigation systems were adopted as three treatments and with seven replications in each treatment in the study. Pea (Arkel variety) crop was sown at a spacing of 45 X 10 cm. During the period of experiment flood irrigation were applied on weekly basis and micro irrigation and drip irrigation systems were operated every third day to meet the crop water requirement. The total quantity of water applied in flood, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler systems were 387.5, 244.7 and 273.5 mm respectively. Maximum crop yield was observed under micro sprinkler system (98.60 q/ha) followed by drip and conventional irrigation system. Saving of water was found better under drip irrigation over micro sprinkler irrigation system.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Rice under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. HELGUEIRA ◽  
T. D’AVILA ROSA ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
D.S. MOURA ◽  
A.T. MARTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides in rice submitted to sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme. Factor A consisted of irrigation systems (sprinkler and flood) and Factor B consisted of herbicide treatments (T1 - control; T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 150 + 50 g a.i. ha-1; T4 - imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1; T5 - imazapic + imazapyr, 147 + 49 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - imazethapyr, 106 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - imazethapyr, 212 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - sequential application of imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; and T9 - sequential application of imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1). The application of imazethapyr and formulated mixtures of imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic provided a control higher than 97% in flood and sprinkler irrigation systems. Herbicide selectivity is not altered in the sprinkler irrigation system when compared to the flood irrigation system.

Influence of fertilizer nitrogen source and management practice on N2O emissions from two Black Chernozemic soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Burton ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
C A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Time Of Application

Fertilizer nitrogen use is estimated to be a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in western Canada. These estimates are based primarily on modeled data, as there are relatively few studies that provide direct measures of the magnitude of N2O emissions and the influence of N source on N2O emissions. This study examined the influence of nitrogen source (urea, coated urea, urea with urease inhibitor, and anhydrous ammonia), time of application (spring, fall) and method of application (broadcast, banded) on nitrous oxide emissions on two Black Chernozemic soils located near Winnipeg and Brandon Manitoba. The results of this 3-yr study demonstrated consistently that the rate of fertilizer-induced N2O emissions under Manitoba conditions was lower than the emissions estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coefficients. The Winnipeg site tended to have higher overall N2O emissions (1.7 kg N ha-1) and fertilizer-induced emissions (~0.8% of applied N) than did the Brandon site (0.5 kg N ha-1), representing ~0.2% of applied N. N2O emissions in the first year of the study were much higher than in subsequent years. Both the site and year effects likely reflected differences in annual precipitation. The N2O emissions associated with the use of anhydrous ammonia as a fertilizer source were no greater than emissions with urea. Fall application of nitrogen fertilizer tended to result in marginally greater N2O emissions than did spring application, but these differences were neither large nor consistent. Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate intensity, anhydrous ammonia, urea

scholarly journals Yield-scaled N2O and CH4 emissions as affected by combined application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer and pig manure in rice fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikuo Wu ◽  
Ping Gong ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Zhijie Wu ◽  
Xueshi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Cumulative Emission ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Significant Difference

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with pig manure on rice yield and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Four treatments were established: urea (U); pig manure (PM); PM and urea (PM + U); PM and stabilized nitrogen fertilizer (urea plus 1% NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide), 1% PPD (phenylphosphorodiamidate) and 2% DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)) (PM + U + I). In this study, compared with PM, PM + U significantly increased cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emission, but PM + U + I showed no significant difference from PM on N<sub>2</sub>O cumulative emission, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM is effective at reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The cumulative emission of CH<sub>4</sub> from PM + U + I treatment was significantly lower than that from PM and PM + U, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM can effectively reduce CH<sub>4</sub> emissions as well. The yields of PM + U and PM + U + I were not significantly different from those of U and PM, indicating that local conventional nitrogen application and returns of PM can provide sufficient nitrogen for rice growth. For yield-scaled emissions (YSE), PM was the highest, while PM + U + I significantly decreased YSE. Concomitant application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer can achieve the goal of reducing YSE when PM is returned to the field.

scholarly journals Leaching of Imidazolinones in Irrigation Systems in Rice Cultivation: Sprinkling and Flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. HELGUEIRA ◽  
T.D ROSA ◽  
D.S. MOURA ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
J.J.O. PINTO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Tomato Plants

ABSTRACT: Herbicides of the imidazolinone group have been used in irrigated rice and presented a long persistence in the soil, especially in floodplain areas with a low drainage, and could cause environmental contamination. This study aims to evaluate the leaching and residual of herbicides belonging to the imidazolinone group in sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, with the application of the herbicides imazethapyr, imazethapyr + imazapic, and imazapyr + imazapic in soil irrigated by flooding and sprinkling. Subsequently, the soil was collected from the layers of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, and 20-25 cm and packed in 500 mL capacity plastic pots in order to sow tomato as a bioindicator plant of the presence of the herbicides belonging to the imidazolinones. Phytotoxicity, length, and shoot dry matter mass of tomato plants were evaluated at 10 and 20 days after emergence. The herbicides of the imidazolinone chemical group presented a high potential for leaching and persistence with effects for more than 180 days after application. Based on the symptoms presented by the sensitive crop, the degradation of imazethapyr, imazethapyr + imazapic, and imazapyr + imazapic in the 0-15 cm layers was higher in soil with sprinkler irrigation when compared to flood irrigation. Thus, non-flooded soils present a greater capacity to degrade the herbicides belonging to the imidazolinone chemical group.

scholarly journals Modelling nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from rice field in impacts of farming practices: A case study in Duy Xuyen district, Quang Nam province (Central Vietnam)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Duc Minh Ngo ◽  
Van Trinh Mai ◽  
Dang Hoa Tran ◽  
Trong Nghia Hoang ◽  
Manh Khai Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Crop Residue Incorporation

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emisison from paddy soil via the soil nitrification and denitrification processes makes an important contribution to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. The soil N2O emission processes are controlled not only by biological, physical and chemical factors but also by farming practices. In recent years, modeling approach has become popular to predict and estimate greenhouse gas fluxes from field studies. In this study, the DeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) model were calibrated and tested by incorporating experimental data with the local climate, soil properties and farming management, for its simulation applicability for the irrigated rice system in Duy Xuyen district, a delta lowland area of Vu Gia-Thu Bon River Basin regions. The revised DNDC was then used to quantitatively estimate N2O emissions from rice fields under a range of three management farming practices (water management, crop residue incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer application rate). Results from the simulations indicated that (1) N2O emissions were significantly affected by water management practices; (2) increases in temperature, total fertilizer N input substantially increased N2O emissions. Finally, five 50-year scenarios were simulated with DNDC to predict their long-term impacts on crop yield and N2O emissions. The modelled results suggested that implementation of manure amendment or crop residue incorporation instead of increased nitrogen fertilizer application rates would more efficiently mitigate N2O emissions from the tested rice-based system. Phát thải nitơ ôxít (N2O) từ canh tác lúa nước (thông qua quá trình nitrat hóa và phản nitrat hóa) đóng góp đáng kể vào tổng lượng khí nhà kính có nguồn gốc từ sản xuất nông nghiệp. Quá trình phát thải N2O là không chỉ phụ thuộc vào các yếu tố sinh-lý-hóa học mà còn phụ thuộc các phương pháp canh tác. Trong những năm gần đây, việc ứng dụng mô hình hóa nhằm tính toán và ước lượng sự phát thải khí nhà kính ngày càng trở lên phổ biến. Trong nghiên cứu này, số liệu quan trắc từ thí nghiệm đồng ruộng và dữ liệu về đất đai, khí hậu, biện pháp canh tác được sử dụng để kiểm nghiệm và phân tích độ nhạy của mô hình DNDC (mô hình sinh địa hóa). Sau đó, mô hình được sử dụng để tính toán lượng N2O phát thải trong canh tác lúa nước dưới các phương thức canh tác khác nhau (về chế độ tưới, mức độ vùi phụ phẩm, bón phân hữu cơ, phân đạm) tại huyện Duy Xuyên, thuộc vùng đồng bằng thấp của lưu vực sông Vu Gia-Thu Bồn. Kết quả kiểm định chỉ ra rằng (1) sự phát thải N2O bị ảnh hưởng đáng kể do sự thay đổi chế độ tưới; (2) nhiệt độ tăng và lượng phân bón N tăng sẽ làm tăng phát thải N2O. Kết quả mô phỏng về tác động lâu dài (trong 50 năm) của các yếu tố đến năng suất cây trồng và phát thải N2O cho thấy: Việc sử dụng phân hữu cơ và phụ phẩm nông nghiệp thay thế cho việc bón phân đạm sẽ giúp giảm phát thải N2O đáng kể.

scholarly journals Global land-atmosphere exchange of methane and nitrous oxide: magnitude and spatiotemporal patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 19811-19865 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tian ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
C. Lu ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
W. Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Abstract. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two most important greenhouse gases after carbon dioxide, but their regional and global budgets are far from certain, which is largely owing to uncertainties in scaling up field measurements as well as the poor model representation of processes and factors governing CH4 and N2O exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere. In this study, we applied a process-based, coupled biogeochemical model (DLEM – the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model) to estimate the magnitudes, spatial and temporal patterns of CH4 and N2O fluxes as driven by multiple environmental changes including climate variability, rising atmospheric CO2, increasing nitrogen deposition, tropospheric ozone pollution, land use change and nitrogen fertilizer use. The estimated CH4 and N2O emissions from global land ecosystems were 169.43 ± 32.92 Tg C yr−1 and 12.52 ± 1.52 Tg N yr−1, respectively. Our simulations have indicated a significant (P < 0.01) increasing trend for CH4 (0.75 ± 0.08 Tg C yr−1) and N2O (0.14 ± 0.02 Tg N yr−1) during 1981–2010. CH4 and N2O emissions increased significantly in most climatic zones and continents, especially in tropical region and Asia. The most rapid increase in CH4 emission was found in wetlands (including rice fields and natural wetlands) owing to increased rice field area and climate change; N2O emission increased substantially for all the biome types and the largest increase occurred in upland crops owing to increasing air temperature and nitrogen fertilizer use. Given large increase in CH4 and N2O emission at global scale, we suggest that these two gases together with CO2 have to be simultaneously considered when evaluating if a policy is effective or efficient to reduce global warming in the future.

scholarly journals Use of Reclaimed Water for Irrigation in Container Nurseries

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Yeager ◽  
Claudia Larsen ◽  
Joe von Merveldt ◽  
Tracy Irani
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Container Nurseries ◽  
Overhead Sprinkler ◽  
Container Nursery

ENH-1119, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by Tom Yeager, Claudia Larsen, Joe von Merveldt, and Tracy Irani, informs container nursery producers about irrigating with water processed from municipal sewage wastewater, the results of evaluations of overhead sprinkler irrigation systems, where to get it, and special application procedures and cautions. Includes references and a glossary. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, May 2009.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document