scholarly journals Correlation of Oxidative Potential with Ecotoxicological and Cytotoxicological Potential of PM10 at an Urban Background Site in Italy

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Lionetto ◽  
Maria Rachele Guascito ◽  
Roberto Caricato ◽  
Maria Elena Giordano ◽  
Anna Rita De Bartolomeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Pm10 Mass ◽  
Urban Background Site

Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has detrimental effects on health, but specific mechanisms of toxicity are still not fully understood. In recent years, there has been a growing evidence that oxidative stress is an important mechanism of toxicity; however, when acellular oxidative potential (OP) data are correlated with the outcomes of in vitro (or in vivo) toxicological tests there are contrasting results. In this work, an analysis of PM10 health effect indicators was done, using the acellular Dithiotreitol (DTT) assay to retrieve OPDTT, the Microtox® test on Vibrio fischeri bacterium to assess the ecotoxicological potential, and the in vitro MTT assay on the human cell line A549 to estimate the cytotoxicological potential. The objective was to evaluate the correlation among acellular OPDTT and the results from toxicological and ecotoxicological bioassays and how these health-related indicators are correlated with atmospheric PM10 concentrations collected at an urban background site in Southern Italy. Results indicated that both bioassays showed time-dependent and dose-dependent outcomes. Some samples presented significant ecotoxic and cytotoxic response and the correlation with PM10 concentration was limited suggesting that these health endpoints depend on PM10 chemical composition and not only on exposure concentrations. OPDTT showed a statistically significant correlation with PM10 concentrations. MTT and Microtox outcomes were not correlated suggesting that the two toxicological indicators are sensitive to different physical-chemical properties of PM10. Intrinsic oxidative potential OPDTTM (DTT activity normalised with PM10 mass) was correlated with mortality observed with MTT test (normalized with PM10 mass); however, it was not correlated with Microtox outcomes.

Chemical composition and oxidative potential of atmospheric coarse particles at an industrial and urban background site in the alpine region of northern Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Pietrogrande ◽  
Cristina Dalpiaz ◽  
Rossana Dell'Anna ◽  
Paolo Lazzeri ◽  
Francesco Manarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Urban Background Site

scholarly journals Factors, origin and sources affecting PM 1 concentrations and composition at an urban background site

2016 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 262-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Squizzato ◽  
Mauro Masiol ◽  
Chiara Agostini ◽  
Flavia Visin ◽  
Gianni Formenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Background ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Urban Background Site

Ionic composition of PM2.5 particle fraction at a coastal urban background site in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2202-2214
Author(s):  
Valentina Gluščić ◽  
Mirjana Čačković ◽  
Gordana Pehnec ◽  
Ivan Bešlić
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Urban Background Site

scholarly journals Bioavailability of elements in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter episodes at Central Eastern European urban background site

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 117993
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Juda-Rezler ◽  
Elwira Zajusz-Zubek ◽  
Magdalena Reizer ◽  
Katarzyna Maciejewska ◽  
Eliza Kurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Urban Background Site ◽  
Atmospheric Pm2.5

General anaesthetics and bacterial luminescence II. The effect of diethyl ether on the in vivo light emission of Vibrio fischeri

1976 ◽  
Vol 193 (1111) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Bacterial Luminescence

The factors which determine the response of the in vitro luminescent reaction of Vibrio fischeri ,to the general anaesthetic diethyl ether, have been determined. The investigations show that, as was indicated by a study of the in vivo reaction, the levels of substrates available to the enzyme luciferase modify its response to ether. The results indicate that ether inhibits the binding of the aldehyde factor necessary for luminescence. There is evidence that it also acts as a second site where its presence appears to stimulate the binding of reduced flavin to the enzyme.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality of Karachi City as Reflected by Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Durdana Rais Hashmi ◽  
Akhtar Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Pm10 Mass

The present study examines the variation of ambient aerosol (PM10) concentrations in Karachi, city. Samples were collected from ten different locations, representative of urban background, residential, traffic and industrial areas from 2007 to 2011. At each location, PM10 was measured continuously from 08:00 am to 06:00 pm at local time. The maximum 10 h average particulate matter (PM10) mass concentrations were found at Tibet Centre (440.1mg/m3) and minimum at PCSIR Campus (21.7mg/m3) during 2008. A rising trend during 2008 may be due to the civil works for bridges and extension of roads at different locations in Karachi. The results also suggest that urban traffic and industrial areas appeared to have higher PM10 concentration than residential and background areas.

scholarly journals Source apportionment of the carbonaceous aerosol in Norway – quantitative estimates based on <sup>14</sup>C, thermal-optical and organic tracer analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 7375-7422 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Yttri ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
K. Stenström ◽  
H. Puxbaum ◽  
T. Svendby
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Carbonaceous Matter ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Urban Background Site

Abstract. In the present study, source apportionment of the ambient summer and winter time particulate carbonaceous matter (PCM) in aerosol particles (PM1 and PM10) has been conducted for the Norwegian urban and rural background environment. Statistical treatment of data from thermal-optical, 14C and organic tracer analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling has allowed for quantitative estimates of seven different sources contributing to the ambient carbonaceous aerosol. These are: elemental carbon from combustion of biomass (ECbb) and fossil fuel (ECff), organic carbon from combustion of biomass (OCbb), fossil fuel (OCff), primary biological aerosol particles (OCPBAP, which includes plant debris, OCpbc, and fungal spores, OCpbs), and secondary organic aerosol from biogenic precursors (OCBSOA). Our results show that emissions from natural sources were particularly abundant in summer, and with a more pronounced influence at the rural compared to the urban background site. 80% of total carbon (TCp, corrected for the positive artefact) in PM10 and 70% of TCp in PM1 could be attributed to natural sources at the rural background site in summer. Natural sources account for about 50% of TCp in PM10 at the urban background site as well. The natural source contribution was always dominated by OCBSOA, regardless of season, site and size fraction. During winter anthropogenic sources totally dominated the carbonaceous aerosol (83–90%). Combustion of biomass contributed slightly more than fossil-fuel sources in winter, whereas emissions from fossil-fuel sources were more abundant in summer. Mass closure calculations show that PCM likely dominated the mass concentration of the ambient PM regardless of size fraction, season, and site. A larger fraction of PM1 (64–69%) was accounted for by carbonaceous matter compared to PM10 (51–67%), but only by a small margin. In general, there were no pronounced differences in the relative contribution of carbonaceous matter to PM with respect to season or between the two sites.

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