Source Characteristics of Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 in a Northeastern Highland Area of South Korea

This study aims to present the atmospheric CO2 and CH4 levels and analyze their source characteristics at an observation station in a northeastern highland area of Korea for the 2012–2014 period. We summarized the measured CO2 and CH4 concentrations for the 2012–2014 period. In addition, we characterized the major source of the rise of CO2 and CH4 in Ganseong (GS) by employing bivariate polar plots (BPP) and the concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) method together with currently available information on emission sources. For the three years, CO2 was generally high in the order of winter, spring, autumn and summer and CH4 high in the order of winter, autumn, spring and summer. The observed positive correlations between the hourly CO2 and CH4 in every season suggested the possibility of shared common emission sources, but there is a necessity for elucidation on this in the future. The BPP analysis indicated the local sources that are likely to be associated with the rise of greenhouse gases (GHGs) observed at GS (combustion in the village, plant respirations nearby GS, and mobile emissions on the nearby road for CO2 and leakages from the gas stations along the road and agricultural activities for CH4). Synthesizing the CWT results together with emission source information from national and global emission inventories, we identified likely major source areas and characterized major emission sources. For example, the identified major sources for the winter CO2 are coal combustion, coal washing and industrial activities in Inner Mongolia, northern and the northeastern China, fuel burning for the energy for the infrastructure of a northwestern city in South Korea, and the manufacturing industry and fuel combustion in the northern parts of North Korea. Hopefully, these kinds of results will aid environmental researchers and decision-makers in performing more in-depth studies for GHG sources in order to derive effective mitigation strategies.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Vehicle–Pedestrian Interactive Behaviors near Unsignalized Crosswalk

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198121999066 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812199906

Author(s):

Byeongjoon Noh ◽

Dongho Ka ◽

David Lee ◽

Hwasoo Yeo

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

The Road ◽

Video Footage ◽

Premature Deaths ◽

Vehicle Velocity ◽

Behavioral Features ◽

Velocity Changes ◽

On The Road

Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of premature deaths and globally pose a severe threat to human lives. In particular, pedestrians crossing the road present a major cause of vehicle–pedestrian accidents in South Korea, but we lack dense behavioral data to understand the risk they face. This paper proposes a new analytical system for potential pedestrian risk scenes based on video footage obtained by road security cameras already deployed at unsignalized crosswalks. The system can automatically extract the behavioral features of vehicles and pedestrians, affecting the likelihood of potentially dangerous situations after detecting them in individual objects. With these features, we can analyze the movement patterns of vehicles and pedestrians at individual sites, and understand where potential traffic risk scenes occur frequently. Experiments were conducted on four selected behavioral features: vehicle velocity, pedestrian position, vehicle–pedestrian distance, and vehicle–crosswalk distance. Then, to show how they can be useful for monitoring the traffic behaviors on the road, the features are visualized and interpreted to show how they may or may not contribute to potential pedestrian risks at these crosswalks: (i) by analyzing vehicle velocity changes near the crosswalk when there are no pedestrians present; and (ii) analyzing vehicle velocities by vehicle–pedestrian distances when pedestrians are on the crosswalk. The feasibility of the proposed system is validated by applying the system to multiple unsignalized crosswalks in Osan city, South Korea.

Download Full-text

A discussion on ship technology in the 1980s - Shipbuilding in the future

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1972.0078 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 273 (1231) ◽

pp. 13-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Group Technology ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Point Of View ◽

Production Lines ◽

The Road ◽

Craft Industry ◽

And Control ◽

Capital Intensive

The growth in world trade and hence the demand for shipping is expected to continue into the 1980s despite the present temporary recession. Many countries in the Mediterranean and Pacific area and in South and Central America see shipbuilding as their way to start along the road to industrial development, and will be favoured by good climatic and labour conditions which can now be joined to imported modern technology. Conventional shipbuilding will therefore grow rapidly in these countries. Western countries will be able to preserve their shipbuilding industries by keeping in the forefront ol technical development and by a rigorous examination of designs from the production point of view, in order to reduce the labour content, and make the management and control simpler. This means changing from a largely labour intensive craft industry to a capital intensive, manufacturing industry. In order to sustain this type of industry long runs of similar ships, standard components, modulai constructions much of it in production lines, using group technology, will be the pattern in the 1980s. Much research and development is already devoted to these techniques and the industry is already at the early stages of changing over to this type of working.

Download Full-text

A risk control framework for safe manufacturing workstations in view of COVID-19

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202032703007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 327 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Ebly Sanchez ◽

Knut Åkesson

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Close Contact ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Industrial Plants ◽

Engineering Controls ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Control Framework

The manufacturing industry resumes operations after the COVID-19 pandemic supported by return-to-work guidelines, which are mostly personal protection measures for the workers and employees. In this paper, we propose a framework for assessing risk at the workstation level by linking the risk levels to possible mitigation strategies that can be implemented using standard operating procedures (SOP), 5S and problem-solving. Within industrial plants, operators work in close contact with coworkers and supervisors, and they are also sharing tools and machines. It is therefore, essential to develop strategies that reduce the operator’s exposure to viruses in the workplace. The purpose of this work is that when implemented, the risk assessment model and specifically how SOP, 5S and problem solving can be used to implement administrative and engineering controls resulting in a safe workplace and increasing level of confidence for the operators working within the plant.

Download Full-text

Taxi Global Positioning System Data in Urban Road Network: A Methodology to Identify Key Road Clusters Based on Travel Speed–Traffic Volume Correlation

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211036684 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110366

Author(s):

Yi Li ◽

Weifeng Li ◽

Qing Yu ◽

Han Yang

Keyword(s):

Traffic Congestion ◽

Road Network ◽

Travel Speed ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Traffic Volume ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

The Road ◽

Road Segments

Urban traffic congestion is one of the urban diseases that needs to be solved urgently. Research has already found that a few road segments can significantly influence the overall operation of the road network. Traditional congestion mitigation strategies mainly focus on the topological structure and the transport performance of each single key road segment. However, the propagation characteristics of congestion indicate that the interaction between road segments and the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume should also be considered. The definition is proposed for “key road cluster” as a group of road segments with strong correlation and spatial compactness. A methodology is proposed to identify key road clusters in the network and understand the operating characteristics of key road clusters. Considering the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume, a unidirectional-weighted correlation network is constructed. The community detection algorithm is applied to partition road segments into key road clusters. Three indexes are used to evaluate and describe the characteristic of these road clusters, including sensitivity, importance, and IS. A case study is carried out using taxi GPS data of Shanghai, China, from May 1 to 17, 2019. A total of 44 key road clusters are identified in the road network. According to their spatial distribution patterns, these key road clusters can be classified into three types—along with network skeletons, around transportation hubs, and near bridges. The methodology unveils the mechanism of congestion formation and propagation, which can offer significant support for traffic management.

Download Full-text

Global emission sources and sinks

The Climate System ◽

10.1201/9781003211266-2 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-77

Author(s):

J.G.J. Olivier ◽

J.J.M. Berdowski

Keyword(s):

Emission Sources ◽

Sources And Sinks ◽

Global Emission

Download Full-text

The History and Prospect of ERP Application of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.367 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 367-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wu Ji Jiang ◽

Jia Bing He ◽

Zhi Gang Jin

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Early Stage ◽

Low Cost ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

The Road ◽

Manufacturing Enterprises ◽

Level Information ◽

Erp Software ◽

Chinese Manufacturing Industry ◽

High Level

Since the end of the 1970s and early 1980s, with the introduction of foreign MRPII/ERP software and the advanced business management thought Chinese manufacturing industry began the road to high-level information. After 30 years of development, Chinese manufacturing industry has experienced 20 years start-up and early stage, main features of this period were long-period implementation, expensive spending and poor flexibility, coupled with the low management level and out-dated IT technology. The probability of successful implementation of enterprise ERP is very low. Since then the stage was more than 5 years of growth, and the characteristics of this period were the domestic ERP software. With simple application, short cycle implementation and low cost, many small and medium-sized enterprises had carried on successful application. Since 2005, our country enterprise ERP application entered maturity, the main features of this period are wider range and improving success rate of ERP application. The article also pointed out the deficiencies of ERP applications in different periods, and its development prospects are ERPII

Download Full-text