scholarly journals Conceptual Framework for Disaster Management in Coastal Cities Using Climate Change Resilience and Coping Ability

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Moslem Imani ◽  
Shang-Lien Lo ◽  
Hoda Fakour ◽  
Chung-Yen Kuo ◽  
Shariat Mobasser
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
And Coping

Global warming and environmental changes have resulted in more frequent and extreme weather events, as well as larger-scale disasters around the world. This study presents a disaster risk analysis in Taiwan coastal area using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) and examines the strategies adopted by the coastal residents of Taiwan, through a new concept of “copability” analysis. Based on the results, the majority of the coastal regions fall under the medium-to-low resilient category with the south-western and northern coast of Taiwan as the most high-risk regions posing a high risk to millions of people facing climatic disasters in the future. The coping mechanisms used by local residents are also influenced by the socioeconomic status of the decision-makers as well as the synchronization of disasters. Based on the findings, a 4R management package is developed in which the copability and resilience management strategy are squeezed into four main sectors of resource, reason, roadmap, and respond to work towards a more coordinated management and use of natural resources across sectors and scales. It is advised that all governmental, private, and community actors implement coherent climate risk management measures, accompanied by mitigation initiatives, in order to establish a sustainable level of climate resilience in cities.

Multiple hazards under future UK Climate Projections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Garry ◽  
Dan Bernie
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
Ensemble Simulations ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Risk Projection ◽  
Extreme Hazards ◽  
The Uk

<p>When two or more extreme weather events occur either simultaneously or in close succession, there may be more severe societal and economic impacts than when extreme hazards occur alone. Impacts may also cascade across different sectors of society or amplify impacts in another sector. Perturbed parameter ensemble simulations of projections to 2080 have been generated at the UK Met Office to cover the UK at high spatial (12 km or 2.2 km) and temporal resolution (daily or sub-daily) resolution as part of the “UK Climate Projections”. We use the regional 12 km model simulations at daily resolution to consider how the frequency, duration and spatial extent of multiple extreme hazard events in the UK changes over the 21<sup>st </sup>century. We will show case studies of multiple extreme hazard pairings that pose a risk to UK sectors, for example, the risk of hot and dry weather to agricultural harvests. By working with stakeholders that have a good understanding of their vulnerabilities and exposure, we consider multiple extreme events in a risk projection framework. This work is funded under the Strategic Priority Fund for UK Climate Resilience.</p>

scholarly journals Bamboo Fale: Climate of Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emily Cayford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

<p>The world is currently sitting on the brink of a massive upheaval as Climate Change continues to intensify. At this stage, there is no apparent turning back: the only remaining option is to adapt. While many countries are already feeling the effects, the most vulnerable lie within the Pacific Islands.  With 70% of the Samoan population living along their coastline (The World Bank, 2016), the country is identified as one of the most vulnerable Pacific Islands. It is prone to high waves and storm surges, along with tropical cyclones, which destroy livelihoods and housing, as well as claiming lives.  The traditional architecture of Samoa was originally built to withstand such weather events, but has not been adapting to resist the increased cyclone intensity and rising sea levels. The materials and building practices currently used within Samoa do not have the properties to resist these extreme weather events.  Western building practises have been introduced and into the Samoan construction industry, but has not yet successfully been integrated. Combinations of traditional and Western building practises are, instead, resulting in buildings more vulnerable than ever. This issue remains unresolved, with unsuitable housing remaining one of the largest dilemmas currently faced by Samoa’s inhabitants.  Samoa recently graduated from the classification: Least Developed Country, to be classified as a Developing Country (Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience). This places Samoa as one of the more developed nations of the Pacific, therefore encouraging Samoa to take the lead in resilience to the ever imposing effects of Climate Change. Samoa has a close relationship with both New Zealand and Australia and therefore has access to building expertise, education and materials. Why, then, is Samoa so lacking in architectural resilience to the effects of Climate Change?  This paper endeavours to investigate this gap and, in turn provide a potential resolution. These solutions could aid other Pacific countries as well as encouraging further architectural resilience that can then be mirrored by the remaining, vulnerable countries of the Pacific.  This thesis first investigates the question:  “Why has Samoan culture not developed stronger architectural resilience against Climate Change?”  This thesis then evolves to question:  “How can Samoan architecture be hybridised to influence increased architectural resilience against Climate Change?”</p>

scholarly journals Enhancing Flood Early Warning System in the HKH Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-200
Author(s):  
Karma Tsering ◽  
Kiran Shakya ◽  
Mir A. Matin ◽  
Jim Nelson ◽  
Birendra Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Forecasting And Warning

AbstractFlooding is a chronic natural hazard with disastrous impacts that have magnified over the last decade due to the rising trend in extreme weather events and growing societal vulnerability from global socioeconomic and environmental changes (WMO 2011 in Manual on flood forecasting and warning (WMO-No. 1072)).

scholarly journals Neurology in a Changing Climate: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Louis ◽  
Alise Carlson ◽  
Abhilash Suresh ◽  
Joshua Rim ◽  
MaryAnn Mays ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Neurologic Symptom ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Weather Events

Importance: Although the international community collectively seeks to reduce global temperature rise to less than 1.5C, there are already irreversible environmental changes that have occurred, and currently available evidence suggests these changes will continue to occur. As we begin to witness the effects of a warming planet on human health, it is imperative that as neurologists we anticipate the ways in which the epidemiology and incidence of neurologic disease may be affected. Objective: In this review, we organize our analysis around three key themes related to climate change and neurologic health: extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations, emerging neuro-infectious diseases, and pollutant impacts. Across each of these key themes, we appraise and review recent literature relevant to neurological disease and the practice of neurology. Evidence Review: Studies were identified using a set of relevant search terms relating to climate change and neurologic diseases in the PubMed repository for publications between 1990 and 2021. Studies were included if they pertained to human incidence or prevalence of disease, were in the English language, and were relevant to neurologic disease. Findings: We identified a total of 136 articles, grouped into the three key themes of our study; extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations (23 studies), emerging neuro-infectious diseases (42 studies), and pollutant impacts (71 studies). Broadly, the studies included highlighted the relationships between neurologic symptom exacerbation and temperature variability, tick-borne infections and warming climates, and airborne pollutants and cerebrovascular disease incidence and severity. Conclusions and Relevance: Our work highlights three key priorities for further work; namely, neuro-infectious disease risk mitigation, an understanding of the pathophysiology of airborne pollutants on the nervous system, and research into how to improve delivery of neurologic care in the face of climate-related disruptions.

VAWG and the Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui True
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Harmful Traditional Practices

How are environmental changes related to VAWG? Environmental changes that cause resource scarcity exacerbate VAWG. In societies where harmful traditional practices continue to regard women as property, resource scarcities intensify gender-based VAWG. Moreover, extreme weather events can exacerbate insecurities and foreshadow gender-based violence. For...

scholarly journals Vietnam Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022092465
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh ◽  
Le Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lien Huong ◽  
Tran Nu Quy Linh ◽  
Nguyen Huu Quyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Health Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High

Background: The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 ranked Vietnam as the sixth country in the world most affected by climate variability and extreme weather events over the period 1999-2018. Sea level rise and extreme weather events are projected to be more severe in coming decades, which, without additional action, will increase the number of people at risk of climate-sensitive diseases, challenging the health system. This article summaries the results of a health vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment conducted in Vietnam as evidences for development of the National Climate Change Health Adaptation Plan to 2030. Methods: The assessment followed the first 4 steps outlined in the World Health Organization’s Guidelines in conducting “Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments.” A framework and list of indicators were developed for semi-quantitative assessment for the period 2013 to 2017. Three sets of indicators were selected to assess the level of (1) exposure to climate change and extreme weather events, (2) health sensitivity, and (3) adaptation capacity. The indicators were rated and analyzed using a scoring system from 1 to 5. Results: The results showed that climate-sensitive diseases were common, including dengue fever, diarrheal, influenza, etc, with large burdens of disease that are projected to increase. From 2013 to 2017, the level of “exposure” to climate change–related hazards of the health sector was “high” to “very high,” with an average score from 3.5 to 4.4 (out of 5.0). For “health sensitivity,” the scores decreased from 3.8 in 2013 to 3.5 in 2017, making the overall rating as “high.” For “adaptive capacity,” the scores were from 4.0 to 4.1, which meant adaptive capacity was “very low.” The overall V&A rating in 2013 was “very high risk” (score 4.1) and “high risk” with scores of 3.8 in 2014 and 3.7 in 2015 to 2017. Conclusions: Adaptation actions of the health sector are urgently needed to reduce the vulnerability to climate change in coming decades. Eight adaptation solutions, among recommendations of V&A assessment, were adopted in the National Health Climate Change Adaptation Plan.

scholarly journals Landscape and well-being: A conceptual framework and an example

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Yuill ◽  
Natascha Mueller-Hirth ◽  
Nguyen Song Tung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Dung ◽  
Pham Thi Tram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores why landscape is a crucial element in researching the relationship between environment and well-being. The main point we make is that human social agents are embedded in particular landscapes, and it is in landscapes that environmental changes are experienced, which can have implications for well-being. We draw from a variety of perspectives on landscape that understands a fundamental creative relation between humans and landscape and recent developments in neo-materialism theorising. Landscape is understood here as an assemblage of different forms of matter, animate and inanimate objects, as well as symbolic and cultural processes. A case study is also presented to indicate how landscape can be studied in relation to environment and change. Using the conceptual ideas laid out in the first section of the article, we analyse landscape, environment and well-being in Xuan Thuy National Park in North Vietnam. The area is part of a precarious coastal region where extreme weather events have impacted on the well-being of both humans and other matter. This article concludes with suggestions on the use of this landscape approach in researching environment and well-being.

scholarly journals Using wild relatives and related species to build climate resilience in Brassica crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Quezada-Martinez ◽  
Charles P. Addo Nyarko ◽  
Sarah V. Schiessl ◽  
Annaliese S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Introgression Breeding ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Crop Germplasm

AbstractClimate change will have major impacts on crop production: not just increasing drought and heat stress, but also increasing insect and disease loads and the chance of extreme weather events and further adverse conditions. Often, wild relatives show increased tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, due to reduced stringency of selection for yield and yield-related traits under optimum conditions. One possible strategy to improve resilience in our modern-day crop cultivars is to utilize wild relative germplasm in breeding, and attempt to introgress genetic factors contributing to greater environmental tolerances from these wild relatives into elite crop types. However, this approach can be difficult, as it relies on factors such as ease of hybridization and genetic distance between the source and target, crossover frequencies and distributions in the hybrid, and ability to select for desirable introgressions while minimizing linkage drag. In this review, we outline the possible effects that climate change may have on crop production, introduce the Brassica crop species and their wild relatives, and provide an index of useful traits that are known to be present in each of these species that may be exploitable through interspecific hybridization-based approaches. Subsequently, we outline how introgression breeding works, what factors affect the success of this approach, and how this approach can be optimized so as to increase the chance of recovering the desired introgression lines. Our review provides a working guide to the use of wild relatives and related crop germplasm to improve biotic and abiotic resistances in Brassica crop species.

scholarly journals Creating the Conditions for Climate Resilience: A Community-Based Approach in Canumay East, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrine Cash
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
The People ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Climate Action

People who reside in informal settlements in the Global South are most vulnerable to extreme weather events and their consequences, such as flooding, landslides, and fires. Those located in coastal areas face severe challenges from seasonal and typhoon-induced flooding. Research shows that uncertain land rights exacerbate community vulnerability because residents are under constant threat of eviction by private sector actors or the state. Individual and community upgrading is rarely possible in such a situation. This article focuses on the efforts to secure tenure and upgrade their community by the residents of Sitio Libis, located in Canumay East, City of Valenzuela, Philippines. The study demonstrates that while community-based approaches require skills and capacities of community members, enabling conditions created by government and/or NGOs are required for transformational outcomes. While the people of Sitio Libis did not conceptualize their efforts in terms of climate change adaptation, their success suggests the possibility for smart partnerships among state-civil society/private sector actors to emerge in support of small-scale climate action.

scholarly journals Overview of Recent Developments in Flood Mitigation Techniques with Respect to Indian Subcontinent

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-315
Author(s):  
Prashant N. Pusdekar ◽  
S. V. Dudul
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments

Number of natural calamities like earthquake, cyclone, landslide, pandemics etc are known to have devastating impact on human life but flood hazards are severe and frequent in nature. Every year, floods strike many parts of the world and result in huge loss of life and property. The trends in flood damages have been increasing exponentially mainly due to growing population, investments in flood affected areas and changes in land-use land cover patterns in upstream regions. Climate change is also playing a major role in increased number of flood events so it is also likely that flooding would be more frequent and widespread in future due to the extreme weather events perceived to be induced by changing climate. In addition, the social and environmental changes are further expected to increase the risk and cost of these natural disasters. This paper presents the overview of different factors related directly or indirectly with flood risk assessment, different strategies adopted by Government for mitigation of flood, flood damage statistics, impact on social, economic and infrastructural perspective.

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