scholarly journals Overview of Recent Developments in Flood Mitigation Techniques with Respect to Indian Subcontinent

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-315
Author(s):  
Prashant N. Pusdekar ◽  
S. V. Dudul
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments

Number of natural calamities like earthquake, cyclone, landslide, pandemics etc are known to have devastating impact on human life but flood hazards are severe and frequent in nature. Every year, floods strike many parts of the world and result in huge loss of life and property. The trends in flood damages have been increasing exponentially mainly due to growing population, investments in flood affected areas and changes in land-use land cover patterns in upstream regions. Climate change is also playing a major role in increased number of flood events so it is also likely that flooding would be more frequent and widespread in future due to the extreme weather events perceived to be induced by changing climate. In addition, the social and environmental changes are further expected to increase the risk and cost of these natural disasters. This paper presents the overview of different factors related directly or indirectly with flood risk assessment, different strategies adopted by Government for mitigation of flood, flood damage statistics, impact on social, economic and infrastructural perspective.

scholarly journals Landscape and well-being: A conceptual framework and an example

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Yuill ◽  
Natascha Mueller-Hirth ◽  
Nguyen Song Tung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Dung ◽  
Pham Thi Tram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores why landscape is a crucial element in researching the relationship between environment and well-being. The main point we make is that human social agents are embedded in particular landscapes, and it is in landscapes that environmental changes are experienced, which can have implications for well-being. We draw from a variety of perspectives on landscape that understands a fundamental creative relation between humans and landscape and recent developments in neo-materialism theorising. Landscape is understood here as an assemblage of different forms of matter, animate and inanimate objects, as well as symbolic and cultural processes. A case study is also presented to indicate how landscape can be studied in relation to environment and change. Using the conceptual ideas laid out in the first section of the article, we analyse landscape, environment and well-being in Xuan Thuy National Park in North Vietnam. The area is part of a precarious coastal region where extreme weather events have impacted on the well-being of both humans and other matter. This article concludes with suggestions on the use of this landscape approach in researching environment and well-being.

scholarly journals Identification of Flood-prone Areas using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS, the Case of Ciberang River Basin, Lebak District of Banten Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
Ynaotou ◽  
R Jayadi ◽  
A P Rahardjo ◽  
D A Puspitosari
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Channel Routing ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract It is common practice that flood hydrograph simulations help to provide better flood prediction and flood damage reduction planning. These efforts require information on flood-prone areas identification from the hydrological and hydraulic analysis results. Historically, the Ciberang River Basin has experienced floods. Those floods cause the loss of human life and damage some houses along the river’s channels, especially in Lebak District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The main objective of this study is to identify flood-prone areas based on the simulation result of a hydrologic and hydraulic model of catchment response due to several extreme rainfall events using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS software. Rainfall and discharge data measured at the Ciberang-Sabagi water level gauge on 10 January 2013 were used to calibrate hydrological watershed parameters. The hydraulics channel routing is started from the planned location of the Sabo dam to the downstream control point. The next stage was the simulation of rainfall-runoff transformation and 1D unsteady flow channel routing for the 2, 5, and 10-years floods return periods. The main result of this study is a flood hazards map that shows the spatial distribution of the area and inundation depth for each return period of the flood.

scholarly journals Path Properties of Atmospheric Transitions: Illustration with a Low-Order Sudden Stratospheric Warming Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 2327-2347
Author(s):  
Justin Finkel ◽  
Dorian S. Abbot ◽  
Jonathan Weare
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts ◽  
Low Order

AbstractMany rare weather events, including hurricanes, droughts, and floods, dramatically impact human life. To accurately forecast these events and characterize their climatology requires specialized mathematical techniques to fully leverage the limited data that are available. Here we describe transition path theory (TPT), a framework originally developed for molecular simulation, and argue that it is a useful paradigm for developing mechanistic understanding of rare climate events. TPT provides a method to calculate statistical properties of the paths into the event. As an initial demonstration of the utility of TPT, we analyze a low-order model of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), a dramatic disturbance to the polar vortex that can induce extreme cold spells at the surface in the midlatitudes. SSW events pose a major challenge for seasonal weather prediction because of their rapid, complex onset and development. Climate models struggle to capture the long-term statistics of SSW, owing to their diversity and intermittent nature. We use a stochastically forced Holton–Mass-type model with two stable states, corresponding to radiative equilibrium and a vacillating SSW-like regime. In this stochastic bistable setting, from certain probabilistic forecasts TPT facilitates estimation of dominant transition pathways and return times of transitions. These “dynamical statistics” are obtained by solving partial differential equations in the model’s phase space. With future application to more complex models, TPT and its constituent quantities promise to improve the predictability of extreme weather events through both generation and principled evaluation of forecasts.

scholarly journals Disaster, Displacement and International Law: Legal Protections in the Context of a Changing Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Cullen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
National Governments

As the number of people displaced by disaster reaches record highs, this article describes how international law is relevant to disaster displacement, how refugee law is probably not the answer, and synthesises recent developments into contemporary application. New interpretations of international human rights law have advanced legal protections such that planning and preparedness to address future disasters now form an express component of states’ international legal obligations. At the same time, climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, exacerbating factors that cause disaster and displacement and rendering the effective implementation of international law more difficult. The further ‘othering’ of migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic could stymie the realisation of protections as national governments close borders, anti-immigration sentiment is stoked, and economies decline.

Challenges and Future Directions in Ocean Wave Modeling — A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad K. Bhaskaran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wave Modeling ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Global Oceans

An increasing number of instances in extreme weather events over the global oceans have deepened the concerns on the impact of climate change. The frequency of extreme weather events is also seen to increase attributes to climate change across the globe. In the Indian context, there has been about 285 reported flooding events over the period from 1950 to 2017 that affected nearly 850 million people with many causalities. As the global oceans become stormier, the effects are seen in rising sea level and infrastructural facilities. Major flooding events are caused by tropical cyclone-induced storm surge and associated breaking waves. These extreme weather events coupled with sea level rise have serious repercussions on the coastal vulnerability. Also recently, there is an upsurge in the intensity and tropical cyclone size that forms over the North Indian Ocean region that brought attention among the scientific community. The worst possible scenario of extreme water level can occur when the time of storm surge occurrence coincides with the astronomical high water. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview on the research developments and efforts made in ocean wave modeling in particular for the Indian seas. As per the Fifth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the role and influence of ocean surface gravity wave in the climate system are considered to be very important. At present, numerical models are widely used and that can be used to hindcast and forecast the wave characteristics over both regional and global ocean basin scales. A detailed overview on the observational techniques is listed along with the historical perspective and recent developments in wind-wave modeling for the Indian seas. Recent developments in computing technology and advanced numerical techniques have made it possible to solve the complex problems in coastal science and engineering using state-of-the-art numerical models providing realistic estimates, cost effective and having immense potential in operational weather centers. This review also deals with some of the important issues and future directions in wind-wave modeling studies such as improvements required in momentum transfer, bottom dissipation, and rain–wave interaction effects that require detailed understanding and concentrated efforts.

scholarly journals Enhancing Flood Early Warning System in the HKH Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-200
Author(s):  
Karma Tsering ◽  
Kiran Shakya ◽  
Mir A. Matin ◽  
Jim Nelson ◽  
Birendra Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Forecasting And Warning

AbstractFlooding is a chronic natural hazard with disastrous impacts that have magnified over the last decade due to the rising trend in extreme weather events and growing societal vulnerability from global socioeconomic and environmental changes (WMO 2011 in Manual on flood forecasting and warning (WMO-No. 1072)).

scholarly journals Neurology in a Changing Climate: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Louis ◽  
Alise Carlson ◽  
Abhilash Suresh ◽  
Joshua Rim ◽  
MaryAnn Mays ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Neurologic Symptom ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Weather Events

Importance: Although the international community collectively seeks to reduce global temperature rise to less than 1.5C, there are already irreversible environmental changes that have occurred, and currently available evidence suggests these changes will continue to occur. As we begin to witness the effects of a warming planet on human health, it is imperative that as neurologists we anticipate the ways in which the epidemiology and incidence of neurologic disease may be affected. Objective: In this review, we organize our analysis around three key themes related to climate change and neurologic health: extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations, emerging neuro-infectious diseases, and pollutant impacts. Across each of these key themes, we appraise and review recent literature relevant to neurological disease and the practice of neurology. Evidence Review: Studies were identified using a set of relevant search terms relating to climate change and neurologic diseases in the PubMed repository for publications between 1990 and 2021. Studies were included if they pertained to human incidence or prevalence of disease, were in the English language, and were relevant to neurologic disease. Findings: We identified a total of 136 articles, grouped into the three key themes of our study; extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations (23 studies), emerging neuro-infectious diseases (42 studies), and pollutant impacts (71 studies). Broadly, the studies included highlighted the relationships between neurologic symptom exacerbation and temperature variability, tick-borne infections and warming climates, and airborne pollutants and cerebrovascular disease incidence and severity. Conclusions and Relevance: Our work highlights three key priorities for further work; namely, neuro-infectious disease risk mitigation, an understanding of the pathophysiology of airborne pollutants on the nervous system, and research into how to improve delivery of neurologic care in the face of climate-related disruptions.

VAWG and the Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui True
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Harmful Traditional Practices

How are environmental changes related to VAWG? Environmental changes that cause resource scarcity exacerbate VAWG. In societies where harmful traditional practices continue to regard women as property, resource scarcities intensify gender-based VAWG. Moreover, extreme weather events can exacerbate insecurities and foreshadow gender-based violence. For...

scholarly journals Climate-change studies in the western Himalaya

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (54) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Shekhar ◽  
H. Chand ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
K. Srinivasan ◽  
A. Ganju
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Disturbances ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Region Data

AbstractThe high Himalayan mountains in the north of India are important sources for generating and maintaining the climate over the entire northern belt of the Indian subcontinent. They also influence extreme weather events, such as the western disturbances over the region during winter. The work presented here describes some current trends in weather and climate over the western Himalaya and suggests some possible explanations in the context of climate change. The work also shows how the special features of Indian orography in the western Himalaya affect climate change in the long term, changing the pattern of precipitation over the region. Data analysis of different ranges of the western Himalaya shows significant variations in temperature and snowfall trends in the past few decades. Possible explanations for the changing climate over the western Himalaya are proposed, in terms of variations in cloudiness. The possible effects of climate change on the number of snowfall days and the occurrences of western disturbances over the western Himalaya are also analysed.

scholarly journals Role of the Architects in Creating Building and Urban Resilience

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Ferhat Bejtullahu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build Environment

Extreme weather events are increasing in intensity and frequency. While the social component of resilience with all its dimensions depend on all citizens, spatial and environmental components with all their dimensions depend on more from architects than from other professionals. In this context, architects have a responsibility to evaluate, design (create) and maintain resilient build environment that can better adapt to natural conditions and that can more readily absorb and recover city from different disasters. The objective of this research is to identify the role of architects in creating the building as well as the quality of urban resilience that can be implemented in a variety of contexts at national, regional or global level. Conclusions serve as a new concept to future researchers in this field and to all regional stakeholders engaged in the process of evaluating the risk related to the natural disaster. Also, it creates professional strategies for improvement of building and urban resilience.

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