scholarly journals An Experimental Setup with Alternating Current Capability for Evaluating Large Lithium-Ion Battery Cells

Batteries ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Soares ◽  
Alexander Bessman ◽  
Oskar Wallmark ◽  
Göran Lindbergh ◽  
Pontus Svens
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Cell Characterization ◽  
Measurements Errors ◽  
Titration Technique

In the majority of applications using lithium-ion batteries, batteries are exposed to some harmonic content apart from the main charging/discharging current. The understanding of the effects that alternating currents have on batteries requires specific characterization methods and accurate measurement equipment. The lack of commercial battery testers with high alternating current capability simultaneously to the ability of operating at frequencies above 200 Hz, led to the design of the presented experimental setup. Additionally, the experimental setup expands the state-of-the-art of lithium-ion batteries testers by incorporating relevant lithium-ion battery cell characterization routines, namely hybrid pulse power current, incremental capacity analysis and galvanic intermittent titration technique. In this paper the hardware and the measurement capabilities of the experimental setup are presented. Moreover, the measurements errors due to the setup’s instruments were analysed to ensure lithium-ion batteries cell characterization quality. Finally, this paper presents preliminary results of capacity fade tests where 28 Ah cells were cycled with and without the injection of 21 A alternating at 1 kHz. Up to 300 cycles, no significant fade in cell capacity may be measured, meaning that alternating currents may not be as harmful for lithium-ion batteries as considered so far.

scholarly journals Effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842110081
Author(s):  
Xia Hua ◽  
Alan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Battery Cell

Lithium-ion batteries are being increasingly used as the main energy storage devices in modern mobile applications, including modern spacecrafts, satellites, and electric vehicles, in which consistent and severe vibrations exist. As the lithium-ion battery market share grows, so must our understanding of the effect of mechanical vibrations and shocks on the electrical performance and mechanical properties of such batteries. Only a few recent studies investigated the effect of vibrations on the degradation and fatigue of battery cell materials as well as the effect of vibrations on the battery pack structure. This review focused on the recent progress in determining the effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries to advance the understanding of lithium-ion battery systems. Theoretical, computational, and experimental studies conducted in both academia and industry in the past few years are reviewed herein. Although the effect of dynamic loads and random vibrations on the mechanical behavior of battery pack structures has been investigated and the correlation between vibration and the battery cell electrical performance has been determined to support the development of more robust electrical systems, it is still necessary to clarify the mechanical degradation mechanisms that affect the electrical performance and safety of battery cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Current Rate and Prior Cycling on the Coulombic Efficiency of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
The Third ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Battery Cells

The determination of coulombic efficiency of the lithium-ion batteries can contribute to comprehend better their degradation behavior. In this research, the coulombic efficiency and capacity loss of three lithium-ion batteries at different current rates (C) were investigated. Two new battery cells were discharged and charged at 0.4 C and 0.8 C for twenty times to monitor the variations in the aging and coulombic efficiency of the battery cell. In addition, prior cycling was applied to the third battery cell which consist of charging and discharging with 0.2 C, 0.4 C, 0.6 C, and 0.8 C current rates and each of them twenty times. The coulombic efficiency of the new battery cells was compared with the cycled one. The experiments demonstrated that approximately all the charge that was stored in the battery cell was extracted out of the battery cell, even at the bigger charging and discharging currents. The average capacity loss rates for discharge and charge during 0.8 C were approximately 0.44% and 0.45% per cycle, correspondingly.

Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Health Monitoring Using Vibration Diagnostic Test

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan L. Pham ◽  
J. Eric Dietz ◽  
Douglas E. Adams ◽  
Nathan D. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Cell

With their superior advantages of high capacity and low percentage of self-discharge, lithium-ion batteries have become the most popular choice for power storage in electric vehicles. Due to the increased potential for long life of lithium-ion batteries in vehicle applications, manufacturers are pursuing methodologies to increase the reliability of their batteries. This research project is focused on utilizing non-destructive vibration diagnostic testing methods to monitor changes in the physical properties of the lithium-ion battery electrodes, which dictate the states of charge (SOC) and states of health (SOH) of the battery cell. When the battery cell is cycled, matter is transported from one electrode to another which causes mechanical properties such as thickness, mass, stiffness of the electrodes inside a battery cell to change at different states of charge; therefore, the detection of these changes will serve to determine the state of charge of the battery cell. As mass and stiffness of the electrodes change during charge and discharge, they will respond to the excitation input differently. An automated vibration diagnostic test is developed to characterize the state of charge of a lithium-ion battery cell by measuring the amplitude and phase of the kinematic response as a function of excitation frequency at different states of charge of the battery cell and at different times in the life of the cell. Also, the mechanical properties of the electrodes at different states of charge are obtained by direct measurements to develop a first-principles frequency response model for the battery cell. The correlation between the vibration test results and the model will be used to determine the state of charge of the cell.

Post-lithium-ion battery cell production and its compatibility with lithium-ion cell production infrastructure

Nature Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Fabian Duffner ◽  
Niklas Kronemeyer ◽  
Jens Tübke ◽  
Jens Leker ◽  
Martin Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell

scholarly journals Box–Jenkins Black-Box Modeling of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Based on Automotive Drive Cycle Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Jaouad Khalfi ◽  
Najib Boumaaz ◽  
Abdallah Soulmani ◽  
El Mehdi Laadissi
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Parameter Identifications

The Box–Jenkins model is a polynomial model that uses transfer functions to express relationships between input, output, and noise for a given system. In this article, we present a Box–Jenkins linear model for a lithium-ion battery cell for use in electric vehicles. The model parameter identifications are based on automotive drive-cycle measurements. The proposed model prediction performance is evaluated using the goodness-of-fit criteria and the mean squared error between the Box–Jenkins model and the measured battery cell output. A simulation confirmed that the proposed Box–Jenkins model could adequately capture the battery cell dynamics for different automotive drive cycles and reasonably predict the actual battery cell output. The goodness-of-fit value shows that the Box–Jenkins model matches the battery cell data by 86.85% in the identification phase, and 90.83% in the validation phase for the LA-92 driving cycle. This work demonstrates the potential of using a simple and linear model to predict the battery cell behavior based on a complex identification dataset that represents the actual use of the battery cell in an electric vehicle.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Compressive Load on a Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Application

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Cells

Lithium-ion batteries are being implemented in different large-scale applications, including aerospace and electric vehicles. For these utilizations, it is essential to improve battery cells with a great life cycle because a battery substitute is costly. For their implementation in real applications, lithium-ion battery cells undergo extension during the course of discharging and charging. To avoid disconnection among battery pack ingredients and deformity during cycling, compacting force is exerted to battery packs in electric vehicles. This research used a mechanical design feature that can address these issues. This investigation exhibits a comprehensive description of the experimental setup that can be used for battery testing under pressure to consider lithium-ion batteries’ safety, which could be employed in electrified transportation. Besides, this investigation strives to demonstrate how exterior force affects a lithium-ion battery cell’s performance and behavior corresponding to static exterior force by monitoring the applied pressure at the dissimilar state of charge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as the primary technique for this research. It was concluded that the profiles of the achieved spectrums from the experiments seem entirely dissimilar in comparison with the cases without external pressure. By employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it was noticed that the pure ohmic resistance, which is related to ion transport resistance of the separator, could substantially result in the corresponding resistance increase.

scholarly journals Lithium ion battery recycling using high-intensity ultrasonication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
chunhong lei ◽  
Iain M Aldous ◽  
Jennifer Hartley ◽  
Dana Thompson ◽  
Sean Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Recycling

Decarbonisation of energy will rely heavily, at least initially, on the use of lithium ion batteries for automotive transportation. The projected volumes of batteries necessitate the development of fast and...

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