scholarly journals Effect of Current Rate and Prior Cycling on the Coulombic Efficiency of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
The Third ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Battery Cells

The determination of coulombic efficiency of the lithium-ion batteries can contribute to comprehend better their degradation behavior. In this research, the coulombic efficiency and capacity loss of three lithium-ion batteries at different current rates (C) were investigated. Two new battery cells were discharged and charged at 0.4 C and 0.8 C for twenty times to monitor the variations in the aging and coulombic efficiency of the battery cell. In addition, prior cycling was applied to the third battery cell which consist of charging and discharging with 0.2 C, 0.4 C, 0.6 C, and 0.8 C current rates and each of them twenty times. The coulombic efficiency of the new battery cells was compared with the cycled one. The experiments demonstrated that approximately all the charge that was stored in the battery cell was extracted out of the battery cell, even at the bigger charging and discharging currents. The average capacity loss rates for discharge and charge during 0.8 C were approximately 0.44% and 0.45% per cycle, correspondingly.

scholarly journals Effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842110081
Author(s):  
Xia Hua ◽  
Alan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Battery Cell

Lithium-ion batteries are being increasingly used as the main energy storage devices in modern mobile applications, including modern spacecrafts, satellites, and electric vehicles, in which consistent and severe vibrations exist. As the lithium-ion battery market share grows, so must our understanding of the effect of mechanical vibrations and shocks on the electrical performance and mechanical properties of such batteries. Only a few recent studies investigated the effect of vibrations on the degradation and fatigue of battery cell materials as well as the effect of vibrations on the battery pack structure. This review focused on the recent progress in determining the effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries to advance the understanding of lithium-ion battery systems. Theoretical, computational, and experimental studies conducted in both academia and industry in the past few years are reviewed herein. Although the effect of dynamic loads and random vibrations on the mechanical behavior of battery pack structures has been investigated and the correlation between vibration and the battery cell electrical performance has been determined to support the development of more robust electrical systems, it is still necessary to clarify the mechanical degradation mechanisms that affect the electrical performance and safety of battery cells.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Compressive Load on a Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Application

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Cells

Lithium-ion batteries are being implemented in different large-scale applications, including aerospace and electric vehicles. For these utilizations, it is essential to improve battery cells with a great life cycle because a battery substitute is costly. For their implementation in real applications, lithium-ion battery cells undergo extension during the course of discharging and charging. To avoid disconnection among battery pack ingredients and deformity during cycling, compacting force is exerted to battery packs in electric vehicles. This research used a mechanical design feature that can address these issues. This investigation exhibits a comprehensive description of the experimental setup that can be used for battery testing under pressure to consider lithium-ion batteries’ safety, which could be employed in electrified transportation. Besides, this investigation strives to demonstrate how exterior force affects a lithium-ion battery cell’s performance and behavior corresponding to static exterior force by monitoring the applied pressure at the dissimilar state of charge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as the primary technique for this research. It was concluded that the profiles of the achieved spectrums from the experiments seem entirely dissimilar in comparison with the cases without external pressure. By employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it was noticed that the pure ohmic resistance, which is related to ion transport resistance of the separator, could substantially result in the corresponding resistance increase.

An Active Equalizer for Serially Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Rui Liu ◽  
Chao Ying Xia
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
In Series ◽  
Battery Cells

This paper proposes an equalizer for serially connected Lithium-ion battery cells. The battery cell with the lowest state of charge (SOC) is charged by the equalizer during the process of charging and discharging, and the balancing current is constant and controllable. Three unbalanced lithium-ion battery cells in series are selected as the experimental object by this paper. The discharging current under a certain UDDS and 20A charging current are used to complete respectively one time balancing experiment of discharging and charging to the three lithium-ion battery cells. The validity of the balancing strategy is confirmed in this paper according to the experimental results.

scholarly journals Design of a Test Platform for the Determination of Lithium-Ion Batteries State of Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules-Adrien Capitaine ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Novel Design

This paper presents a novel design for a test platform to determine the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The SOH is a key parameter of a battery energy storage system and its estimation remains a challenging issue. The batteries that have been tested are 18,650 Li-ion cells as they are the most commonly used batteries on the market. The test platform design is detailed from the building of the charging and discharging circuitry to the software. Data acquired from the testing circuitry are stored and displayed in LabVIEW to obtain the charging and discharging curves. The resulting graphs are compared to the outcome predicted by the battery datasheets, to verify that the platform delivers coherent values. The SOH of the battery is then calculated using a Coulomb counting method in LabVIEW. The batteries will be discharged through various types of resistive circuits, and the differences in the resulting curves will be discussed. A single battery cell will also be tested over 30 cycles and the decrease in the SOH will be clearly identified.

scholarly journals Design of a Test Platform for the Determination of Lithium-Ion Batteries State-of-Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules-Adrien Capitaine ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Novel Design

This paper presents a novel design for a test platform to determine the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries. The SOH is a key parameter of a battery energy storage system and its estimation remains a challenging issue. The batteries that have been tested are 18650 li-ion cells as they are the most commonly used batteries on the market. The test platform design is detailed from the building of the charging and discharging circuitry to the software. Data acquired from the testing circuitry is stored and displayed in LabView to obtain charging and discharging curves. The resulting graphs are compared to the outcome predicted by the battery datasheets, to verify the platform delivers coherent values. The SOH of the battery is then calculated using a Coulomb Counting method in LabView. The batteries will be discharged through various types of resistive circuits, and the differences in the resulting curves will be discussed. A single battery cell will also be tested over 30 cycles and the decrease in the SOH will be clearly pointed out.

scholarly journals A Diffusion Model in a Two-Phase Interfacial Zone for Nanoscale Lithium-Ion Battery Materials

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kai ChiuHuang ◽  
Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Stress Formation ◽  
Diffusion Induced Stress

The development of lithium-ion batteries plays an important role to stimulate electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) industries and it is one of many solutions to reduce US oil import dependence. To develop advanced vehicle technologies that use energy more efficiently, retaining the lithium-ion battery capacity is one of major challenges facing by the electrochemical community today. During electrochemical processes, lithium ions diffuse from and insert into nanoscaled cathode materials in which stresses are formed. It is considered that diffusion-induced stress is one of the factors causing electrode material capacity loss and failure. In this study, we present a model which is capable for describing diffusion mechanisms and stress formation in nano-platelike cathode materials, LiFePO4 (Lithium-iron-phosphate). We consider particle size >100 nm in this study since it has been suggested that very small nanoparticles (<100 nm) may not undergo phase separation during fast diffusion. To evaluate diffusion-induced stress accurately, factors such as the diffusivity and phase boundary movements are considered. Our result provides quantitative lithium concentrations inside LiFePO4 nanoparticles. The result could be used for evaluating stress formation and provides potential cues for precursors of capacity loss in lithium-ion batteries. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of lithium ion diffusion in electrode materials, and results from this model help better electrode materials design in lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Health Monitoring Using Vibration Diagnostic Test

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan L. Pham ◽  
J. Eric Dietz ◽  
Douglas E. Adams ◽  
Nathan D. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Cell

With their superior advantages of high capacity and low percentage of self-discharge, lithium-ion batteries have become the most popular choice for power storage in electric vehicles. Due to the increased potential for long life of lithium-ion batteries in vehicle applications, manufacturers are pursuing methodologies to increase the reliability of their batteries. This research project is focused on utilizing non-destructive vibration diagnostic testing methods to monitor changes in the physical properties of the lithium-ion battery electrodes, which dictate the states of charge (SOC) and states of health (SOH) of the battery cell. When the battery cell is cycled, matter is transported from one electrode to another which causes mechanical properties such as thickness, mass, stiffness of the electrodes inside a battery cell to change at different states of charge; therefore, the detection of these changes will serve to determine the state of charge of the battery cell. As mass and stiffness of the electrodes change during charge and discharge, they will respond to the excitation input differently. An automated vibration diagnostic test is developed to characterize the state of charge of a lithium-ion battery cell by measuring the amplitude and phase of the kinematic response as a function of excitation frequency at different states of charge of the battery cell and at different times in the life of the cell. Also, the mechanical properties of the electrodes at different states of charge are obtained by direct measurements to develop a first-principles frequency response model for the battery cell. The correlation between the vibration test results and the model will be used to determine the state of charge of the cell.

Micro Silicon–Graphene–Carbon Nanotube Anode for Full Cell Lithium-ion Battery

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Gao ◽  
Fenfen Wang ◽  
Sam Gollon ◽  
Chis Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Composite Anode ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Full Cell

An electrochemically stable hybrid structure material consisting of porous silicon (Si) nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is developed as an anode material (Si/rGO/CNT) for full cell lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In the developed hybrid material, the rGO provides a robust matrix with sufficient void space to accommodate the volume change of Si during lithiation/delithiation and a good electric contact. CNTs act as a mechanically stable and electrically conductive support to enhance the overall mechanical strength and conductivity. The developed Si/rGO/CNT composite anode has been first tested in half cell and then in full cell lithium-ion batteries. In half cell, the composite anode shows a high reversible capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 with good capacity retention over 500 cycles when cycled at 1 A g−1. In a full cell lithium-ion battery paired up with LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathodes, the composite anode shows a specific charge capacity of 161.4 mAh g−1 and a discharge capacity of 152.8 mAh g−1, respectively, with a Coulombic efficiency of 94.7%.

Chromate conversion coated aluminium as a light-weight and corrosion-resistant current collector for aqueous lithium-ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Gheytani ◽  
Yanliang Liang ◽  
Yan Jing ◽  
Jeff Q. Xu ◽  
Yan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Aluminium Foil ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Titanium Foils

We report chromate conversion coated (CCC) aluminium foil as a corrosion-resistant current collector in aqueous lithium-ion battery cathodes. CCC aluminium-based electrodes show better cycling stability and higher coulombic efficiency than those fabricated on stainless steel and titanium foils.

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