scholarly journals Bovine Follicular Fluid Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate the Viability, Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction of Bull Spermatozoa

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Qurat Ul Ain Reshi ◽  
Freddy Lättekivi ◽  
Janeli Viil ◽  
Kasun Godakumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Sperm Functions

While follicular fluid (FF) is known to enhance the functional properties of spermatozoa, the role of FF-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this respect is unknown. We hypothesized that bovine FF EVs convey signals to spermatozoa supporting sperm viability, inducing sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. In this study, the effects of bovine FF EVs on sperm functions are evaluated. Irrespective of the size of the follicles which FF EVs had originated from, they were capable of supporting sperm viability, inducing capacitation and acrosome reaction. These effects were specific to the source of bovine FF EVs, as human-cell-line-derived or porcine FF EVs did not affect spermatozoa viability or induced capacitation and acrosome reaction. A minimum of 5 × 105 EVs/mL was adequate to maintain sperm viability and induce capacitation and acrosome reaction in spermatozoa. Interestingly, with FF EV trypsin treatment, FF EVs lost their ability to support sperm functions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that bovine FF EVs can support spermatozoa function and may contribute to a favorable periconceptional microenvironment. This is an important aspect of the interactions between different sexes at the earliest stages of reproduction and helps to understand molecular mechanisms modulating processes such as sperm competition and female cryptic choice.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Giusi La Camera ◽  
Luca Gelsomino ◽  
Amanda Caruso ◽  
Salvatore Panza ◽  
Ines Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tumor Evolution

Breast cancer is the most common solid malignancy diagnosed in females worldwide, and approximately 70% of these tumors express estrogen receptor α (ERα), the main biomarker of endocrine therapy. Unfortunately, despite the use of long-term anti-hormone adjuvant treatment, which has significantly reduced patient mortality, resistance to the endocrine treatments often develops, leading to disease recurrence and limiting clinical benefits. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized particles that are released by all cell types and responsible for local and systemic intercellular communications, might represent a newly identified mechanism underlying endocrine resistance. Unraveling the role of EVs, released by transformed cells during the tumor evolution under endocrine therapy, is still an open question in the cancer research area and the molecular mechanisms involved should be better defined to discover alternative therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent findings on the involvement of EVs in sustaining hormonal resistance in breast cancer and discuss opportunities for their potential use as biomarkers to monitor the therapeutic response and disease progression.

A Sclerostin Super-Producer Cell Line Derived from the Human Cell Line SaOS-2: A New Tool for the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms Driving Sclerostin Expression

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flor M. Pérez-Campo ◽  
Carolina Sañudo ◽  
Jesús Delgado-Calle ◽  
Jana Arozamena ◽  
María T. Zarrabeitia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Producer Cell Line ◽  
Producer Cell

scholarly journals Role of DNA polymerases η, ι and ζ in UV resistance and UV-induced mutagenesis in a human cell line

DNA Repair ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Gueranger ◽  
Anne Stary ◽  
Saïd Aoufouchi ◽  
Ahmad Faili ◽  
Alain Sarasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis

scholarly journals The Transformative Impact of Extracellular Vesicles on Developing Sperm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Rimmer ◽  
Christopher D Gregory ◽  
Rod T Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Parent Cell ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Transformative Impact

Objective To review the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the male reproductive tract and their impact on developing sperm. We discuss how sperm exiting the seminiferous tubules, although developmentally mature, require further modification. Acquisition of various functions including increased motility, transfer of cargoes and ability to undertake the acrosome reaction are mediated through the interaction between sperm and EVs. Methods A review of the literature identified that EVs are released from different portions of the male reproductive tract, notably the epididymis and prostate. These EVs interact with sperm as they pass from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis and vas deferens prior to ejaculation. Results EVs are small lipid bound particles carrying bespoke RNA, protein and lipid cargoes. These cargoes are loaded based on the state of the parent cell and are used to communicate with recipient cells. In sperm, these cargoes are essential for post testicular modification. Sperm extracted from the proximal epididymis are poorly motile and unable to carry out the acrosome reaction. Conclusions Interaction between developing sperm and EVs is important for the subsequent function of sperm. Little is known however about EVs released from the seminiferous tubules to developing sperm or in the fetal and pre-pubertal testes. A greater understanding, especially in the formation and development of the spermatogonial stem cell niche may lead to new insights as to how damage to this niche may be prevented and preserve future fertility.

scholarly journals The importance of bovine seminal plasma proteins in the sperm function and fertility

SPERMOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Cardozo ◽  
◽  
Jaime Antonio Cardozo ◽  
Fabian Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Seminal Plasma Proteins ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Social Sectors ◽  
Sperm Functions

Bovine livestock is one of the most important economic and social sectors for many countries. In this sense, the development of strategies to improve reproductive bull fertility and reproduction rates is relevant. It's highlighted the role of seminal plasma proteins (SPP) in reproductive fertility, so it has found close relationships among studies on the structure and biological activity of SPP, with seminal quality, including viability, sperm motility, and morphology. In addition, they have been found to regulate sperm functions such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, and they are even related to protecting sperm against thermal and oxidative stress. Moreover, the methods of separation and protein identification and their contribution to characterizing the bovine SP proteome should be also highlighted. In this sense, the most recent studies have been directed towards developing supplements with SPP that improve quality sperm subjected to cryopreservation processes. Research has begun and should forward to establish how the networks or sets of proteins are related to the functioning and fertility of sperm, the search for biomarkers of fertility, and the use of proteins in biotechnological processes, to increase efficiency reproductive.

scholarly journals The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetes and Its Chronic Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Xing-Zi Li ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Su-Kang Shan ◽  
Bei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Multiple Differentiation ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are applied in regenerative medicine of several tissues and organs nowadays by virtue of their self-renewal capabilities, multiple differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be favourably cultured and manipulated. With the continuous development of “cell-free therapy” research, MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have increasingly become a research hotspot in the treatment of various diseases. Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) are membrane vesicles with diameters of 30 to 150 nm that mediate signal transduction between adjacent or distal cells or organs by delivering non-coding RNA, protein, and DNA. The contents and effects of sEVs vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. In recent years, MSC-sEVs have been found to play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus as a new way of communication between cells. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease in clinic. Its complications of the heart, brain, kidney, eyes, and peripheral nerves are a serious threat to human health and has been a hot issue for clinicians. MSC-sEVs could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus through anti-inflammatory effects, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum-related protein stress, polarization of M2 macrophages, and increasing autophagy. Therefore, we highly recommend that MSC-sEVs-based therapies to treat diabetes mellitus and its chronic complication be further explored. The analysis of the role and molecular mechanisms of MSC-sEVs in diabetes and its related complications will provide new idea and insights for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals Human Cell Line-Dependent WC-Co Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity: A Key Role of ROS Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Paget ◽  
H. Moche ◽  
T. Kortulewski ◽  
R. Grall ◽  
L. Irbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Ros Production

scholarly journals Re-evaluation of the roles of DROSHA, Exportin 5, and DICER in microRNA biogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (13) ◽  
pp. E1881-E1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Kook Kim ◽  
Boseon Kim ◽  
V. Narry Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Microrna Biogenesis ◽  
Mirna Pathway ◽  
Nuclear Processing

Biogenesis of canonical microRNAs (miRNAs) involves multiple steps: nuclear processing of primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) by DROSHA, nuclear export of precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by Exportin 5 (XPO5), and cytoplasmic processing of pre-miRNA by DICER. To gain a deeper understanding of the contribution of each of these maturation steps, we deleted DROSHA, XPO5, and DICER in the same human cell line, and analyzed their effects on miRNA biogenesis. Canonical miRNA production was completely abolished in DROSHA-deleted cells, whereas we detected a few DROSHA-independent miRNAs including three previously unidentified noncanonical miRNAs (miR-7706, miR-3615, and miR-1254). In contrast to DROSHA knockout, many canonical miRNAs were still detected without DICER albeit at markedly reduced levels. In the absence of DICER, pre-miRNAs are loaded directly onto AGO and trimmed at the 3′ end, yielding miRNAs from the 5′ strand (5p miRNAs). Interestingly, in XPO5 knockout cells, most miRNAs are affected only modestly, suggesting that XPO5 is necessary but not critical for miRNA maturation. Our study demonstrates an essential role of DROSHA and an important contribution of DICER in the canonical miRNA pathway, and reveals that the function of XPO5 can be complemented by alternative mechanisms. Thus, this study allows us to understand differential contributions of key biogenesis factors, and provides with valuable resources for miRNA research.

scholarly journals Prostacyclin expression by a continuous human cell line derived from vascular endothelium

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Suggs ◽  
MC Madden ◽  
M Friedman ◽  
CJ Edgell
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Cell Product ◽  
Prostacyclin Synthesis

Abstract Prostacyclin is primarily an endothelial cell product. It contributes to the important role of endothelium in maintaining the fluidity of blood by inhibiting platelet aggregation and by promoting vasodilation. Endothelial cells in culture tend to senesce, and the level of prostacyclin expression decreases. A permanent human cell line, EA.hy 926, derived from a fusion of primary endothelial cells with cells of a less differentiated line, has been found to sustain basal and stimulated levels of prostacyclin synthesis.

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