scholarly journals High-Fat Diets Modify the Proteolytic Activities of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV and the Regulatory Enzymes of the Renin–Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular Tissues of Adult Wistar Rats

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Germán Domínguez-Vías ◽  
Ana Belén Segarra ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase Iv ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Dpp Iv ◽  
Proteolytic Activities

(1) Background: The replacement of diets high in saturated fat (SAFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is associated with better cardiovascular function and is related to the modulation of the activity of the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the collagenase activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). The objective of the work was to verify the capacity of different types of dietary fat on the regulatory activities of RAS and DPP-IV. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed for 24 weeks with three different diets: the standard diet (S), the standard diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (20%) (VOO), or with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) (Bch). The proteolytic activities were determined by fluorometric methods in the soluble (sol) and membrane-bound (mb) fractions of the left ventricle and atrium, aorta, and plasma samples. (3) Results: With the VOO diet, angiotensinase values were significantly lower than with the Bch diet in the aorta (GluAP and ArgAP (mb)), ventricle (ArgAP (mb)) and atrium (CysAP (sol)). Significant decreases in DPP-IV (mb) activity occurred with the Bch diet in the atrium and aorta. The VOO diet significantly reduced the activity of the cardiac damage marker LeuAP (mb) in the ventricle and aorta, except for LeuAP (sol) in the ventricle, which was reduced with the Bch diet. (4) Conclusions: The introduction into the diet of a source rich in MUFA would have a beneficial cardiovascular effect on RAS homeostasis and cardiovascular functional stability.

scholarly journals The Type of Fat in the Diet Influences Regulatory Aminopeptidases of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Stress in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Adult Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3939
Author(s):  
Germán Domínguez-Vías ◽  
Ana Belén Segarra ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Dpp Iv

(1) Background: Prolonged feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) acts as a stressor by activating the functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) stress axis, accompanied of hypertension by inducing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Angiotensinases enzymes are regulatory aminopeptidases of angiotensin metabolism, which together with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), pyroglutamyl- and tyrosyl-aminopeptidase (pGluAP, TyrAP), participate in cognitive, stress, metabolic and cardiovascular functions. These functions appear to be modulated by the type of fat used in the diet. (2) Methods: To analyze a possible coordinated response of aminopeptidases, their activities were simultaneously determined in the hypothalamus, adenohypophysis and adrenal gland of adult male rats fed diets enriched with monounsaturated (standard diet (S diet) supplemented with 20% virgin olive oil; VOO diet) or saturated fatty acids (diet S supplemented with 20% butter and 0.1% cholesterol; Bch diet). Aminopeptidase activities were measured by fluorimetry using 2-Naphthylamine as substrates. (3) Results: the hypothalamus did not show differences in any of the experimental diets. In the pituitary, the Bch diet stimulated the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by increasing certain angiotensinase activities (alanyl-, arginyl- and cystinyl-aminopeptidase) with respect to the S and VOO diets. DPP-IV activity was increased with the Bch diet, and TyrAP activity decrease with the VOO diet, having both a crucial role on stress and eating behavior. In the adrenal gland, both HFDs showed an increase in angiotensinase aspartyl-aminopeptidase. The interrelation of angiotensinases activities in the tissues were depending on the type of diet. In addition, correlations were shown between angiotensinases and aminopeptidases that regulate stress and eating behavior. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the HPA axis, which could be related to alterations in RAS, stress and feeding behavior.

Fetal and postnatal zinc restriction: sex differences in the renal renin-angiotensin system of newborn and adult Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 108385 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Natalia Gobetto ◽  
Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú ◽  
Carolina Caniffi ◽  
Luciana Veiras ◽  
Rosana Elesgaray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

scholarly journals Differences in the expression of the renin angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system during the course of myocardial infarction in male and female Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 147032031990003
Author(s):  
Jazmín Flores-Monroy ◽  
Diego Lezama-Martínez ◽  
Salvador Fonseca-Coronado ◽  
Luisa Martínez-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Kallikrein Kinin System

Background: There is some evidence that components of the renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system are not similarly regulated in both sexes. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin 1 receptor, angiotensin 2 receptor, beta-1 receptor, and beta-2 receptor during the evolution of myocardial infarction. Methods: Thirty-six male and 36 female Wistar rats were used. Myocardial infarction was induced. Six groups of both sexes were formed, ( n=6): (a) sham; (b) 48 h myocardial infarction; (c) one week myocardial infarction; (d) two weeks myocardial infarction; (e) three weeks myocardial infarction and (f) four weeks myocardial infarction. The expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the penumbra of left ventricle. Results: The mRNA expression of most biomarkers was lower in females than in males. During acute infarction, an increase of all protein expression was found in female and at two weeks while in the male only biomarker changes occurred at three weeks. In addition, in male biomarkers mRNA expression decreased during chronic infarction while in females it did not. Conclusions: The renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system biomarkers expression occurs at earlier times in the female than in the male rat. In addition, during chronic myocardial infarction these biomarkers remained unchanged in females while in males they decreased.

Abstract P281: Alamandine-induced Vasorelaxation is Selectively Increased in Sp-shr

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Leao ◽  
Gisele Etelvino ◽  
Robson Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Dose Dependent

The renin angiotensin system is implicated in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. It’s actions are dependent of counter-regulatory modulation of its vasopressor and vasodepressor axes. Recently, our laboratory described and characterized a new component the RAS, alamandine and its receptor, the MrgD. Alamandine can be formed from angiotensin A through the action ACE2 or from angiotensin-(1-7), by a still unknown decarboxylase. Among the actions of alamandine, a endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings of mice and rats has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the vasorelaxing effect of alamandine in aortic rings of hypertensive rats. The vasorelaxing effect of alamandine was tested in aortic rings taken from SP-SHR, Wistar and SHR, pre-contracted with phenylephrine (0.1 μM) with and without enthotelium or in the presence of L-Name (100 μM ) or Indomethacin ( 10 μM). In aortic rings from SP-SHR alamandine produced a pronounced dose-dependent relaxation when compared with Wistar (Emax= 80± 6,0 vs 45 ± 4). This response was diminished in the presence of L-Name (Emax= 39 ± 7 in SP-SHR and 1,0 ± 3 in Wistar). Indomethacin also attenuated the vasorelaxation produced by alamandine in aortic rings from SP-SHR (Emax = 40 ± 4,0), while a smaller effect was observed in Wistar rats (Emax= 31 ± 4). The vasorelaxing effect of alamandine in SP-SHR was abolished in endothelium desnude rings (Emax= -9 ± 4). When we compare two models of animals with hypertension, SHR-SP and SHR the vasorelaxing effect of alamandine was also more pronounced in SP-SHR ( Emax = 80± 6,0 and 38 ± 4 respectively).Taken together these results suggest that the vasorelaxing effect of alamandine is selectively increased in SP-SHR. The mechanism of it effect in SP-SHR appears to involve NO and prostaglandins release.

Regulation of Aortic Wall Structure by the Renin-Angiotensin System in Wistar Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Unkelbach ◽  
Wolfgang Auch-Schwelk ◽  
Ellen Unkelbach ◽  
Günter Jautzke ◽  
Eckart Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Oral Probiotic Bifidobacterium Longum Supplementation Improves Metabolic Parameters and Alters the Expression of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Obese Mice Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Machado ◽  
Janaína R. Oliveira ◽  
Deborah de F. Lelis ◽  
Alfredo M. B. de Paula ◽  
André L. S. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Background: Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Bifidobacterium longum (BL), a common member of the human gut microbiota, has important health benefits through several mechanisms. Objectives: We evaluated the BL supplementation effects on body metabolism and renin-angiotensin components hepatic expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Methods: Thirty-two male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet + placebo (ST), standard diet + Bifidobacterium longum (ST + BL), high-fat diet + placebo (HFD) and high-fat diet + Bifidobacterium longum (HFD + BL). Following the obesity induction period, the ST + BL and HFD + BL groups were supplemented with Bifidobacterium longum for 4 weeks. Then, body, biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were evaluated. Results: HFD + BL mice had a significant decrease in adipose tissue mass and blood glucose levels, as well as a significant reduction in blood glucose during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. The treatment also resulted in reduced levels of total cholesterol and hepatic fat accumulation. Moreover, we observed an increase in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Mas receptor (MASR) expression levels in BL-treated obese mice. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that BL may have the potential to prevent obesity and NAFLD by modulating the mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system components.

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