scholarly journals 2D Projection Maps of WSS and OSI Reveal Distinct Spatiotemporal Changes in Hemodynamics in the Murine Aorta during Ageing and Atherosclerosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Kristina Andelovic ◽  
Patrick Winter ◽  
Thomas Kampf ◽  
Anton Xu ◽  
Peter Michael Jakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Biomechanical Forces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Growth, ageing and atherosclerotic plaque development alter the biomechanical forces acting on the vessel wall. However, monitoring the detailed local changes in wall shear stress (WSS) at distinct sites of the murine aortic arch over time has been challenging. Here, we studied the temporal and spatial changes in flow, WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI) and elastic properties of healthy wildtype (WT, n = 5) and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−, n = 6) mice during ageing and atherosclerosis using high-resolution 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Spatially resolved 2D projection maps of WSS and OSI of the complete aortic arch were generated, allowing the pixel-wise statistical analysis of inter- and intragroup hemodynamic changes over time and local correlations between WSS, pulse wave velocity (PWV), plaque and vessel wall characteristics. The study revealed converse differences of local hemodynamic profiles in healthy WT and atherosclerotic Apoe−/− mice, and we identified the circumferential WSS as potential marker of plaque size and composition in advanced atherosclerosis and the radial strain as a potential marker for vascular elasticity. Two-dimensional (2D) projection maps of WSS and OSI, including statistical analysis provide a powerful tool to monitor local aortic hemodynamics during ageing and atherosclerosis. The correlation of spatially resolved hemodynamics and plaque characteristics could significantly improve our understanding of the impact of hemodynamics on atherosclerosis, which may be key to understand plaque progression towards vulnerability.

On the Importance of Assumptions for Bulk Flow in Hemodynamic Models of the Carotid Bifurcation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Morbiducci ◽  
Diana Massai ◽  
Diego Gallo ◽  
Raffaele Ponzini ◽  
Marco A. Deriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Vortical Flow ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
The Impact

It is widely accepted that the local hemodynamics in the arterial system affects the atherogenic process. In particular the hemodynamic environment at the carotid artery bifurcation has been widely studied due to its predilection for atherosclerosis. Much effort has been spent in the past on image-based CFD carotid bifurcation models to assess the sensitivity to several assumptions of wall shear stress (WSS)-based parameters as indicators of abnormal flow. This luminal-surface-oriented approach was historically driven by histological observations on samples of the vessel wall. The consequence for this was that the reduction of the complexity of 4D flow fields focused mainly on WSS. However, few studies have provided adequate insights into the influence of these assumptions in order to confidently model the 4D hemodynamics within the bifurcation. Only recently the interest in the role played by the bulk flow in the development of the arterial disease has grown dramatically. This is the consequence of the emerging awareness that arterial hemodynamics, being an intricate process that involves interaction, reconnection and continuous re-organization of structures, could play a primary role in the regulation of mass transfer, and of its athero-protective/susceptible effect. Earlier works [1] pointed out the existence of a relationship between helical/vortical flow patterns and transport processes that could affect blood-vessel wall interaction, and might cause alterations in the residence time of atherogenic particles involved in the initiation of inflammatory response. Recently we introduced robust quantitative descriptors of bulk flow that can “reduce” the inherent complexity associated with 4D flow fields in arteries [1]. Here we present a study on the impact of assumptions on blood rheology and outflow boundary conditions (BCs) on bulk flow features within healthy carotid bifurcations, by using 4D flow descriptors. The final goal is to provide adequate insights not only to complement and to integrate, but also to extend with a quantitative characterization of the bulk flow the description currently adopted to classify altered hemodynamics.

scholarly journals Consistency of Developmental Outcomes of 4-H Camp Experiences Over Time and Across Sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Baughman ◽  
Barry A. Garst ◽  
Nicholas E. Fuhrman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Life Skill ◽  
Trend Study ◽  
Life Skill Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of the reported trend study was to examine consistency in youth life skill outcomes following exposure to 4-H camp. Parents of campers ages 9 to 13 were randomly sampled in 2001, 2004, and 2007 and asked to report changes in their child’s behavior following camp. Statistical analysis indicates an overall consistency in parent reports of youth life skill development over time. Life skills that showed consistent gains over seven years and across six 4-H educational centers included an enhanced ability for youth to take care of their own things and to share work responsibilities. Multivariate statistics revealed that a standardized instrument used with parents over time can produce valid and reliable results concerning the impact of experiential learning on youth.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Statistical Tools in Project Management Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Projects are very important to all organizations, as project managers view various issues in the organization from a higher perspective. The conclusions drawn from these projects determine the base on which various decisions affecting the organizations will be made. This paper introduces the statistical analysis tools used in various project environments to differentiate between the effective and ineffective tools of statistical analysis. Statistical analysis tools are useful in analyzing data collected for a study to be conducted on the same data. The literature review illustrates how statistical analysis tools have been effective and useful to researchers. Over time, more effective statistical tools will be invented that will improve the process of data analysis. The findings on different statistical analysis tools will also be highlighted. Thus, the discussions show the impact, applications, and lessons learned from the statistical analysis tools by the project managers and engineers. The study will also present the limitations, along with the conclusions and recommendations.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

Effects of Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Duration and Quality in Algerians

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
Kacem Abdelhadi ◽  
Houar Abdelatif ◽  
Zerf Mohamed ◽  
Bengoua Ali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study tests the impact of COVID-19 on sleep of Algerian population before and during the COVID-19 quarantine by an estimated online survey, adapted from the PSQI Italian version. Including 1210 participants (age between 18-60 years old). The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Our results showed a significant change in sleeping quality during quarantine, the sleep timing markedly changed, we also noticed additional use of sleeping medications. Algerian scientists recommend to build public awareness and to provide necessary information regarding Algerian sleep quality, especially for Algerian adults.

The Effect of Public Office Values on Government Trust: Focusing on the Effects of Regulating the Level of Citizenship

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Nam-Sik Yun ◽  
Seok-Kee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Institute Of Public Administration ◽  
Service Value ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Impact

Background/Objectives: The study discussed the impact of citizens' perceptions of public office values of integrity, accountability, and fairness, based on the view that government trust is centered on the citizens' perception of the value of public office.  Methods/Statistical analysis: The data was based on a 2017 survey conducted by the Korea Institute of Public Administration on the perception of corruption in the Korean government sector. The study included 1,000 people and was conducted through a survey public service value, citizenship level and government trust. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 and AMOS 22.0 program.

The Effect of Public Office Values on Government Trust: Focusing on the Effects of Regulating the Level of Citizenship

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 366-374
Author(s):  
Nam-Sik Yun ◽  
Seok-Kee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Institute Of Public Administration ◽  
Service Value ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Impact

The study discussed the impact of citizens' perceptions of public office values of integrity, accountability, and fairness, based on the view that government trust is centered on the citizens' perception of the value of public office. Methods/Statistical analysis: The data was based on a 2017 survey conducted by the Korea Institute of Public Administration on the perception of corruption in the Korean government sector. The study included 1,000 people and was conducted through a survey public service value, citizenship level and government trust. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 and AMOS 22.0 program.

Has Aid Helped in Pakistan?

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This paper has a two-fold objective: first, to examine the terms on which Pakistan receives aid and whether its debt situation is sustainable, and second, to examine the impact of aid and debt on economic growth. It is found that there is little encouraging that can be said about how the terms on which Pakistan has received aid over time have changed, and its current debt situation is not sustainable. Also reported is the analysis done elsewhere which shows that aid has a negative (Granger) causal impact on GDP, and aid has a robust negative impact on economic growth after controlling for supplyside shocks. We provide various reasons for this negative association.

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