scholarly journals Dengue Detection: Advances in Diagnostic Tools from Conventional Technology to Point of Care

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Md Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Hussein Zilouchian ◽  
Muhammad Awais Younas ◽  
Waseem Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Detection Strategies

The dengue virus (DENV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that infects around 390 million individuals each year with 2.5 billion being in danger. Having access to testing is paramount in preventing future infections and receiving adequate treatment. Currently, there are numerous conventional methods for DENV testing, such as NS1 based antigen testing, IgM/IgG antibody testing, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, novel methods are emerging that can cut both cost and time. Such methods can be effective in rural and low-income areas throughout the world. In this paper, we discuss the structural evolution of the virus followed by a comprehensive review of current dengue detection strategies and methods that are being developed or commercialized. We also discuss the state of art biosensing technologies, evaluated their performance and outline strategies to address challenges posed by the disease. Further, we outline future guidelines for the improved usage of diagnostic tools during recurrence or future outbreaks of DENV.

scholarly journals Regional Difference in Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo: Results from the community point-of-care antibody testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morihito Takita ◽  
Tomoko Matsumura ◽  
Kana Yamamoto ◽  
Erika Yamashita ◽  
Kazutaka Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Difference ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractThe serosurvey is an alternative way to know the magnitude of the population infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the expansion of capacity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was delayed. We herein report seroprevalence of COVID-19 accessed in the two community clinics in Tokyo. The point-of-care immunodiagnostic test was implemented to detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody in the peripheral capillary blood. The overall positive percentage of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody is 3.83% (95% confidence interval: 2.76-5.16) for the entire cohort (n =1,071). The central Tokyo of 23 special wards exhibited a significantly higher prevalence compared to the other area of Tokyo (p =0.02, 4.68% [95%CI: 3.08-6.79] versus 1.83 [0.68-3.95] in central and suburban Tokyo, respectively). The seroprevalence of the cohort surveyed in this study is low for herd immunity, which suggests the need for robust disease control and prevention. A community-based approach, rather than state or prefectural levels, is of importance to figure out profiles of the SARS-COV-2 outbreak.

scholarly journals Sensor-as-a-Service: Convergence of Sensor Analytic Point Solutions (SNAPS) and Pay-A-Penny-Per-Use (PAPPU) Paradigm as a Catalyst for Democratization of Healthcare in Underserved Communities

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Morgan ◽  
Lisseth Casso-Hartmann ◽  
David Bahamon-Pinzon ◽  
Kelli McCourt ◽  
Robert G. Hjort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Service Convergence ◽  
The Social

In this manuscript, we discuss relevant socioeconomic factors for developing and implementing sensor analytic point solutions (SNAPS) as point-of-care tools to serve impoverished communities. The distinct economic, environmental, cultural, and ethical paradigms that affect economically disadvantaged users add complexity to the process of technology development and deployment beyond the science and engineering issues. We begin by contextualizing the environmental burden of disease in select low-income regions around the world, including environmental hazards at work, home, and the broader community environment, where SNAPS may be helpful in the prevention and mitigation of human exposure to harmful biological vectors and chemical agents. We offer examples of SNAPS designed for economically disadvantaged users, specifically for supporting decision-making in cases of tuberculosis (TB) infection and mercury exposure. We follow-up by discussing the economic challenges that are involved in the phased implementation of diagnostic tools in low-income markets and describe a micropayment-based systems-as-a-service approach (pay-a-penny-per-use—PAPPU), which may be catalytic for the adoption of low-end, low-margin, low-research, and the development SNAPS. Finally, we provide some insights into the social and ethical considerations for the assimilation of SNAPS to improve health outcomes in marginalized communities.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in General Practice in Ireland

BJGP Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. BJGPO.2021.0038
Author(s):  
Michael Edmund O'Callaghan ◽  
Elizabeth Ryan ◽  
Cathal Walsh ◽  
Peter Hayes ◽  
Monica Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pcr Test

Background: SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in community settings may help us better understand the immune response to this virus and therefore help guide public health efforts. Aim: Conduct a seroprevalence study of IgG antibodies in Irish GP clinics. Design and Setting: Participants were 172 staff and 799 patients of 15 general practices in the Midwest region of Ireland. Methods: This seroprevalence study utilised 2 manufacturers’ point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 IgM-IgG combined antibody tests, offered to patients and staff in general practice from mid-June to mid-July 2020. Results: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence was 12.6% in patients attending general practice and 11.1% in staff working in general practice, with administrative staff having the lowest seroprevalence at 2.5% and nursing staff having the highest at 17.6%. Previous symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 and history of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test were associated with higher seroprevalence. IgG antibodies were detected in approximately 80% of participants who had a previous PCR-confirmed infection. Average length of time between participants’ positive PCR test and positive IgG antibody test was 83 days. Conclusion: Patients and healthcare staff in general practice in Ireland had relatively high rates of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 compared to the national average at the time (1.7%). Four-fifths of participants with a history of confirmed COVID-19 disease still had detectable antibodies an average of 12 weeks post-infection. While not proof of immunity, SARS-CoV-2 POC testing can be used to estimate IgG seroprevalence in general practice settings.

scholarly journals Challenge of diagnosing acute infections in poor resource settings in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Farisai Chidzwondo ◽  
Francisca Mutapi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Large Populations

Frequent disease outbreaks and acute infections occur in rural and low-income urban areas of Africa, with many health systems unprepared to diagnose and control diseases that are recurrent, endemic or have extended their geographic zone. In this review, we focus on acute infections that can be characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression, severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Consequently, these infections require early diagnosis and intervention. While effective vaccines have been developed against some of these diseases, lack of compliance and accessibility, and the need for repeated or multiple vaccinations mean large populations can remain vulnerable to infection. It follows that there is a need for enhancement of national surveillance and diagnostic capacity to avert morbidity and mortality from acute infections. We discuss the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and explore the relative merits and applicability of protein-, carbohydrate- and nucleic acid-based rapid diagnostic tests that have been trialled for some infectious diseases. We also discuss the utility and limitations of antibody-based serological diagnostics and explore how systems biology approaches can better inform diagnosis. Lastly, given the complexity and high cost associated with after-service support of emerging technologies, we propose that, for resource-limited settings in Africa, multiplex point-of-care diagnostic tools be tailor-made to detect both recurrent acute infections and endemic infections.

scholarly journals Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): A Rapid, Sensitive, Specific, and Cost-Effective Point-of-Care Test for Coronaviruses in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Augustine ◽  
Anwarul Hasan ◽  
Suvarthi Das ◽  
Rashid Ahmed ◽  
Yasuyoshi Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Point Of Care Test

The rampant spread of COVID-19 and the worldwide prevalence of infected cases demand a rapid, simple, and cost-effective Point of Care Test (PoCT) for the accurate diagnosis of this pandemic. The most common molecular tests approved by regulatory bodies across the world for COVID-19 diagnosis are based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). While PCR-based tests are highly sensitive, specific, and remarkably reliable, they have many limitations ranging from the requirement of sophisticated laboratories, need of skilled personnel, use of complex protocol, long wait times for results, and an overall high cost per test. These limitations have inspired researchers to search for alternative diagnostic methods that are fast, economical, and executable in low-resource laboratory settings. The discovery of Loop-mediated isothermal Amplification (LAMP) has provided a reliable substitute platform for the accurate detection of low copy number nucleic acids in the diagnosis of several viral diseases, including epidemics like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). At present, a cocktail of LAMP assay reagents along with reverse transcriptase enzyme (Reverse Transcription LAMP, RT-LAMP) can be a robust solution for the rapid and cost-effective diagnosis for COVID-19, particularly in developing, and low-income countries. In summary, the development of RT-LAMP based diagnostic tools in a paper/strip format or the integration of this method into a microfluidic platform such as a Lab-on-a-chip may revolutionize the concept of PoCT for COVID-19 diagnosis. This review discusses the principle, technology and past research underpinning the success for using this method for diagnosing MERS and SARS, in addition to ongoing research, and the prominent prospect of RT-LAMP in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of multiple COVID-19 serological technologies supports continued evaluation of point-of-care lateral flow assays in hospital and community healthcare settings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Pickering ◽  
Gilberto Betancor ◽  
Rui Pedro Galão ◽  
Blair Merrick ◽  
Adrian W. Signell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

AbstractThere is a clear requirement for an accurate SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, both as a complement to existing diagnostic capabilities and for determining community seroprevalence. We therefore evaluated the performance of a variety of antibody testing technologies and their potential as diagnostic tools. A highly specific in-house ELISA was developed for the detection of anti-spike (S), -receptor binding domain (RBD) and -nucleocapsid (N) antibodies and used for the cross-comparison of ten commercial serological assays – a chemiluminescence-based platform, two ELISAs and seven colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) – on an identical panel of 110 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples and 50 pre-pandemic negatives. There was a wide variation in the performance of the different platforms, with specificity ranging from 82% to 100%, and overall sensitivity from 60.9% to 87.3%. However, the head-to-head comparison of multiple sero-diagnostic assays on identical sample sets revealed that performance is highly dependent on the time of sampling, with sensitivities of over 95% seen in several tests when assessing samples from more than 20 days post onset of symptoms. Furthermore, these analyses identified clear outlying samples that were negative in all tests, but were later shown to be from individuals with mildest disease presentation. Rigorous comparison of antibody testing platforms will inform the deployment of point-of-care technologies in healthcare settings and their use in the monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

scholarly journals The Appropriateness of Testing PF4/Heparin Antibody in Patients Suspected of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5000-5000
Author(s):  
Vishal Jindal ◽  
Aditi Singh ◽  
Ahmad Daniyal Siddiqui ◽  
Laszlo Leb
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Intermediate Group

Abstract Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to the administration of heparin due to activation of platelet by the IgG antibody-PF4/heparin immune complex. Since the clinical outcome is uncertain as it could be associated with significant morbidity and sometimes death, an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is necessary. The 4Ts pretest clinical scoring system and testing for all anti PF4/heparin antibody can markedly improve the diagnosis and prompt adequate treatment. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the appropriateness of ordering the PF4-ELISA test reviewing retrospectively the use of 4Ts scoring system in a tertiary institution. We examined a database of 118 patients who had the PF4-ELISA and we calculated retrospectively their 4Ts scores. A total of 107 patients were evaluated; 95 patients (88.79%) had negative PF4-ELISA assay and 12 patients tested positive (11.21%). Only one patient tested weakly positive in the low probability group (negative predictive value 98%). In the intermediate group, six patients were strongly positive (OD >1.0). In this latter group further confirmatory testing (SRA) could have been done. We also evaluated the setting where the tests were performed and found that the majority patients (63.55%) were tested in the ICU where thrombocytopenia is multifactorial. We conclude that the large majority of patients were not appropriately evaluated prior to testing which incurred unnecessary expense and patient distress. For the proper identification of patients suspected of HIT who should undergo PF4/heparin antibody testing, further education of the ordering physicians is recommended. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Antibody Testing of Patients Admitted to the ICU by a Novel, Point-of-Care Assay, and the Relationship to Survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Casswell ◽  
Ann-Katrin Eriksson ◽  
Lena Moberg ◽  
Miklos Lipcsey ◽  
Michael Hultström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Electrochemical Technology ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
Assay Time ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Point Of Care Assay

Abstract Diagnosing persons infected by COVID-19 is key to the control of the pandemic. It has, however, become increasingly important to identify those who have had the infection by measurement of circulating antibodies against Sars-COV-2 of the IgM and IgG type. In this report we show the development of a rapid and sensitive point-of-care assay for the measurement of IgG antibodies against the two spike proteins, S1 and S2, of the Sars-COV-2 virus.MethodThe AgPlus electrochemical technology was applied and the S1 and S2 proteins were biotinylated and immobilized onto streptavidin coated magnetic particles as the capture component of the assay. The IgG antibodies bound to the particles were detected by anti-human IgG and the signal expressed as nC (nano Coulomb). Assay time was <10 min.ResultsPlasma (n=211) from 117 SARS-Cov-2 PCR positive patients and from 78 persons with samples taken before the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 91.9% and 100%, respectively. The assay was highly correlated to a predicate and FDA-approved IgG antibody ELISA (r=0.81). The IgG response was significantly lower in patients who died during their ICU stay.ConclusionsA poor IgG response after a COVID-19 infection is a serious risk factor as to death. A sensitive, rapid and accurate IgG antibody POC assay should be useful in the daily management and evaluation of COVID-19 infected patients.

scholarly journals Carrion's Disease: the Sound of Silence

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Gomes ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Bartonella Bacilliformis ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Visibility ◽  
Vector Borne

SUMMARYCarrion's disease (CD) is a neglected biphasic vector-borne illness related toBartonella bacilliformis. It is found in the Andean valleys and is transmitted mainly by members of theLutzomyiagenus but also by blood transfusions and from mother to child. The acute phase, Oroya fever, presents severe anemia and fever. The lethality is high in the absence of adequate treatment, despite the organism being susceptible to most antibiotics. Partial immunity is developed after infection byB. bacilliformis, resulting in high numbers of asymptomatic carriers. Following infection there is the chronic phase, Peruvian warts, involving abnormal proliferation of the endothelial cells. Despite potentially being eradicable, CD has been expanded due to human migration and geographical expansion of the vector. Moreover,in vitrostudies have demonstrated the risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance. These findings, together with the description of newBartonellaspecies producing CD-like infections, the presence of undescribed potential vectors in new areas, the lack of adequate diagnostic tools and knowledge of the immunology and bacterial pathogenesis of CD, and poor international visibility, have led to the risk of increasing the potential expansion of resistant strains which will challenge current treatment schemes as well as the possible appearance of CD in areas where it is not endemic.

scholarly journals Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for the Rapid Screening of TB at the Point-of-Care

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Darius Riziki Martin ◽  
Nicole Remaliah Sibuyi ◽  
Phumuzile Dube ◽  
Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka ◽  
Ruben Cloete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Rapid Tests

The transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) is very rapid and the burden it places on health care systems is felt globally. The effective management and prevention of this disease requires that it is detected early. Current TB diagnostic approaches, such as the culture, sputum smear, skin tuberculin, and molecular tests are time-consuming, and some are unaffordable for low-income countries. Rapid tests for disease biomarker detection are mostly based on immunological assays that use antibodies which are costly to produce, have low sensitivity and stability. Aptamers can replace antibodies in these diagnostic tests for the development of new rapid tests that are more cost effective; more stable at high temperatures and therefore have a better shelf life; do not have batch-to-batch variations, and thus more consistently bind to a specific target with similar or higher specificity and selectivity and are therefore more reliable. Advancements in TB research, in particular the application of proteomics to identify TB specific biomarkers, led to the identification of a number of biomarker proteins, that can be used to develop aptamer-based diagnostic assays able to screen individuals at the point-of-care (POC) more efficiently in resource-limited settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document