Coastal Deposits: Environmental Implications, Mathematical Modeling and Technological Development

A large percentage of the world’s population lives along the coastal zones, with more than half of the world’s population living in coastal areas [...]

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Non-radiological Environmental Implications of Nuclear Energy

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892900007694 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asit K. Biswas

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Nuclear Energy ◽

Technological Development ◽

Power Production ◽

Atmospheric Effects ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Habitat Alterations ◽

Life Problems ◽

Nuclear Power Production

Discussions on environmental implications of nuclear energy have so far been concentrated on radiological aspects: disposal of radioactive wastes, safety of nuclear power production, safe handling of plutonium, and problems associated with uranium mining. There are, however, several environmental issues associated with nuclear power production that are non-radiological in nature: thermal pollution and attendant effects on aquatic life, problems associated with land-use requirements, aesthetic considerations, habitat alterations, and atmospheric effects. These different non-radiological environmental implications of nuclear energy are reviewed.The paper concludes that, while there are some environmental problems which exist at present, and a few more could emerge in the future, all these problems appear to be solvable with the present state of technological development. The extent of environmental degradation can be significantly reduced by appropriate design and planning.

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Comparison of different CFD software performances in the case of an incompressible air flow through a straight conical diffuser

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci161020329n ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (suppl. 3) ◽

pp. 863-874

Author(s):

Djordje Novkovic ◽

Jela Burazer ◽

Aleksandar Cocic

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Technological Development ◽

Pulverized Coal ◽

Thermal Engineering ◽

Two Phase ◽

Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽

Numerical Studies ◽

Fluid Jets ◽

History Of ◽

Flow Through

Paper gives a review of the most important results of turbulence research achieved by the Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy at the Vinca Insitute of Nuclear Sciences. Paper presents detailed overview of the history of the scientific research provided in the laboratory, from the beginning in the mid-60s to today, pointing out the main reasons initiating the investigations in this field. After the first period, which was mainly devoted to the research of the structure of the turbulence, since the beginning of the 80s, research is mainly oriented to the flows at high temperatures including chemical reactions and to the development and improvement of differential mathematical models as a modern and very efficient tool in the technological development. This research significantly contributed to the development of pulverized coal burners, plasma-chemical reactors, and optimization of pulverized coal fired boilers operating parameters and prediction of the greenhouse gases emissions. Most recent period includes experimental and numerical studies of the coherent structures in turbulent fluid jets, mathematical modeling of various turbulent thermal flow processes including two-phase turbulent flow in the multiphase heat exchangers and mathematical modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer.

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REACHABILITY OF THE INDICATORS OF THE «DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL» SUBPROGRAMME OF THE STATE PROGRAM«SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION» TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES

Innovatics and Expert Examination ◽

10.35264/1996-2274-2020-1-118-131 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 118-131

Author(s):

A.P. Zubarev ◽

A.K. Skuratov

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Intellectual Capital ◽

Technological Development ◽

The State ◽

Federal State ◽

Educational Structure ◽

State Program ◽

Demographic Processes ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Scientific And Technological Development

The aim of the study is to assess the reachability of some indicators of the subprogram І«Development of national intellectual capital» of the State program «Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation» taking into account mathematical modeling of demographic processes. The object of the study is the educational structure of the Russian population in accordance with the International Standard Classification of Education as amended in 2011. The work uses the data of the Federal State Statistics Service and regulatory documents of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. A balance mathematical model in the form of differential equations describing changes in educational levels over time and in different age groups is proposed as a tool for studying the educational structure of the population of Russia. Numerical experiments were conducted that made it possible to forecast changes in the graduations of bachelors, masters, specialists and candidates of sciences until 2031. Based on this forecast, conclusions were drawn about the attainability of indicators of the above state program. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia as part of the implementation of the State task of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Directorate of Scientific and Technological Programs No. 075-01395-20-00.

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Review of the research on the turbulence in the laboratory for thermal engineering and energy

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci160221330c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (suppl. 3) ◽

pp. 875-898

Author(s):

Dejan Cvetinovic ◽

Predrag Stefanovic ◽

Vukman Bakic ◽

Simeon Oka

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Technological Development ◽

Pulverized Coal ◽

Thermal Engineering ◽

Efficient Tool ◽

Two Phase ◽

Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽

Numerical Studies ◽

Fluid Jets ◽

History Of

Paper gives a review of the most important results of turbulence research achieved by the Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy. Paper presents detailed overview of the history of the scientific research provided in the laboratory, from the beginning in the mid-60s to today, pointing out the main reasons initiating the investigations in this field. After the first period, which was mainly devoted to the research of the structure of the turbulence, since the beginning of the 80s, research is mainly oriented to the flows at high temperatures including chemical reactions and to the development and improvement of differential mathematical models as a modern and very efficient tool in the technological development. This research significantly contributed to the development of pulverized coal burners, plasma-chemical reactors, and optimization of pulverized coal fired boilers operating parameters and prediction of the greenhouse gases emissions. Most recent period includes experimental and numerical studies of the coherent structures in turbulent fluid jets, mathematical modeling of various turbulent thermal flow processes including two-phase turbulent flow in the multiphase heat exchangers and mathematical modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer.

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Transforming the Landscape of Manufacturing: Distributed Manufacturing Based on Desktop Manufacturing (DM)2

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4006095 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. E. DeVor ◽

S. G. Kapoor ◽

J. Cao ◽

K. F. Ehmann

Keyword(s):

Technological Development ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Distributed Model ◽

Distributed Manufacturing ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Desktop Manufacturing ◽

The World ◽

Barriers And Challenges ◽

Traditional Manufacturing

This paper examines a new paradigm in the world of manufacturing—distributed manufacturing based on desktop manufacturing (DM)2. The evolution of (DM)2 began in the last decade of the 20th century and its technological development is well underway, as is evidenced by a World Technology Evaluation Center study (www.wtec.org). However, as managers begin to assess the competitive advantages of moving to this manufacturing model it will be important to consider the social and environmental implications of this paradigm shift as well as issues related to materials and energy utilization. The factors that now appear to be driving the need for radical departures from the more traditional manufacturing paradigms have been broadly articulated but the longer-term future of this manufacturing model is less clear. Several scenarios are proposed and discussed that suggest how manufacturing will shift to a more distributed model via the concept of desktop manufacturing (DM), which will coexist with the centralized manufacturing model but likely take on a greater and greater share of the total manufacturing market worldwide. Spurred on by the rapid emergence of miniaturization technologies, the development and refinement of these desktop manufacturing scenarios needs to be examined in the context of a number of important socioeconomic, environmental, and materials and energy utilization issues as (DM)2 continues to evolve as a transforming paradigm for the world of manufacturing. Scientific, technical, and economic barriers and challenges are identified and discussed.

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Modeling colorectal cancer evolution

Journal of Human Genetics ◽

10.1038/s10038-021-00930-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atsushi Niida ◽

Koshi Mimori ◽

Tatsuhiro Shibata ◽

Satoru Miyano

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Technological Development ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Evolutionary Model ◽

Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽

Cancer Evolution ◽

Neutral Mutations

AbstractUnderstanding cancer evolution provides a clue to tackle therapeutic difficulties in colorectal cancer. In this review, together with related works, we will introduce a series of our studies, in which we constructed an evolutionary model of colorectal cancer by combining genomic analysis and mathematical modeling. In our model, multiple subclones were generated by driver mutation acquisition and subsequent clonal expansion in early-stage tumors. Among the subclones, the one obtaining driver copy number alterations is endowed with malignant potentials to constitute a late-stage tumor in which extensive intratumor heterogeneity is generated by the accumulation of neutral mutations. We will also discuss how to translate our understanding of cancer evolution to a solution to the problem related to therapeutic resistance: mathematical modeling suggests that relapse caused by acquired resistance could be suppressed by utilizing clonal competition between sensitive and resistant clones. Considering the current rate of technological development, modeling cancer evolution by combining genomic analysis and mathematical modeling will be an increasingly important approach for understanding and overcoming cancer.

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Phosphate rock: origin, importance, environmental impacts, and future roles

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2016-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 403-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Abioye O. Fayiga ◽

O.C. Nwoke

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Technological Development ◽

Direct Application ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Hazardous Elements ◽

Runoff Losses ◽

Low Solubility

Phosphate rock (PR) is an important mineral resource with numerous uses and applications in agriculture and the environment. PR is used in the manufacture of detergents, animal feed, and phosphate (PO43–) fertilizers. Leaching or runoff losses from PR products like PO43– fertilizers, animal feeds, and detergents could cause eutrophication of surface waters enriched in PO43– by these losses. Although direct application of PR reduces pollution by acting as a slow-release fertilizer, its effectiveness is limited by several factors. The major limitation of PR in direct application is its low solubility, which reduces its availability for soil reactions or plant uptake. Strategies used to increase the effectiveness of directly applied PR are based on increasing acidity, as this increases PR solubility. The application of PR in agriculture may have adverse effects because it contains hazardous elements that could be transferred to the soil through the application of fertilizers, especially after long term use. Chemical analysis of PR obtained from top PR-producing countries, however, shows that hazardous elements contained therein are below tolerable limits for PO43– fertilizers. Studies have also reported that the radionuclides in PR do not pose any radiological risk. The presence of these elements in PR can be put to positive use if they are extracted before they are applied to farmlands. This makes PR a source of rare earth metals and radionuclides that could be used in technological development and as a future energy source. The affinity of PR for metals makes it a useful adsorbent for the removal of metals from aqueous solutions and an excellent material for metal immobilization in contaminated soils. PR is a very important finite resource but its applications have adverse environmental implications.

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