scholarly journals Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Profiles of Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) over Two Weeks—Comparison, Precursor Symptoms, and the Chronotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Mirjam Ziegler ◽  
Anna Kaiser ◽  
Christine Igel ◽  
Julia Geissler ◽  
Konstantin Mechler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Although sleep problems are common in children with ADHD, their extent, preceding risk factors, and the association between neurocognitive performance and neurobiological processes in sleep and ADHD, are still largely unknown. We examined sleep variables in school-aged children with ADHD, addressing their intra-individual variability (IIV) and considering potential precursor symptoms as well as the chronotype. Additionally, in a subgroup of our sample, we investigated associations with neurobehavioral functioning (n = 44). A total of 57 children (6–12 years) with (n = 24) and without ADHD (n = 33) were recruited in one center of the large ESCAlife study to wear actigraphs for two weeks. Actigraphy-derived dependent variables, including IIV, were analyzed using linear mixed models in order to find differences between the groups. A stepwise regression model was used to investigate neuropsychological function. Overall, children with ADHD showed longer sleep onset latency (SOL), higher IIV in SOL, more movements during sleep, lower sleep efficiency, and a slightly larger sleep deficit on school days compared with free days. No group differences were observed for chronotype or sleep onset time. Sleep problems in infancy predicted later SOL and the total number of movements during sleep in children with and without ADHD. No additional effect of sleep problems, beyond ADHD symptom severity, on neuropsychological functioning was found. This study highlights the importance of screening children with ADHD for current and early childhood sleep disturbances in order to prevent long-term sleep problems and offer individualized treatments. Future studies with larger sample sizes should examine possible biological markers to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Comorbidity of ADHD and Anxiety Disorders in School-Age Children: Impact on Sleep and Response to a Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Bériault ◽  
Lyse Turgeon ◽  
Mélanie Labrosse ◽  
Claude Berthiaume ◽  
Martine Verreault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This exploratory study measured the impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on sleep in children with ADHD and tested the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on these measures. Method: Fifty-seven children (8-12 years old) were assessed with the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Four groups were formed: ADHD ( n = 20), ADHD + Anxiety ( n = 20), Anxiety ( n = 8), and Healthy Controls ( n = 9). A subgroup of 10 children with ADHD + Anxiety underwent CBT for anxiety. Results: The results showed that sleep difficulties were better associated with anxiety than with ADHD. CBT reduced sleep onset latency and marginally decreased the total amount of sleep problems. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that comorbid anxiety in ADHD children is linked with specific sleep disturbances and is sensitive to CBT aimed at reducing anxiety.

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-336
Author(s):  
Bruce Rohrs ◽  
Benjamen Gangewere ◽  
Alicia Kaplan ◽  
Amit Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions

Despite its common comorbidity, sleep disturbance is often underrecognized and undertreated in individuals with anxiety disorders. Compared to mood disorders, sleep disturbance in this population is less well studied except for panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Some evidence suggests a bidirectional link between anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance. Polysomnography findings point to some commonalities across anxiety disorders, including longer sleep onset latency, reduced total sleep time, and reduced sleep efficiency. The underlying biological mechanisms linking anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance are still unclear. However, there is limited evidence suggesting a connection between impaired executive functioning due to sleep problems and failure to inhibit anxiety related thoughts and feelings. Cortisol irregularities and disruption in the serotonergic system may also play a role. Evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity is a transdiagnostic factor that contributes to both anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance. Further research is warranted to elucidate common biological and psychological factors underlying sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders. There is an imminent need to systematically assess the impact of sleep disturbance on symptom severity and treatment outcomes in anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and related disorders. Limited evidence is available for medications and targeted psychotherapeutic interventions for management of sleep disturbance thus warranting the development of robust sleep interventions to achieve optimal clinical outcomes in this patient population.

scholarly journals Effect of Eszopiclone on Sleep Disturbances and Daytime Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrayr Attarian ◽  
Garrick Applebee ◽  
Angela Applebee ◽  
BingXia Wang ◽  
Melissa Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
End Point ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of moderate-to-severe sleep problems is significantly higher among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population. In 2002, we found a significant relationship between fatigue and disrupted sleep in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The objectives of this study were to determine whether eszopiclone (Lunesta; Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA) was superior to placebo in improving sleep among patients with MS-related fatigue and sleep complaints (primary end point); and to assess the impact of improved sleep on daytime fatigue and functioning (secondary end point). This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial lasting 7 weeks. Thirty ambulatory adults under age 65 years with RRMS, fatigue, and sleep disturbances were randomized to receive either eszopiclone or placebo. The outcome measures included subjective and objective changes in sleep-onset latency (SOL), total sleep time (TST), wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), fatigue scales, and neuropsychological measures of daytime functioning. Compared with placebo, eszopiclone was superior only in increasing TST. Fatigue improved in both groups, but there was no statistically significant correlation between increased TST and improved fatigue, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. Thus, in this study, eszopiclone did not improve sleep sufficiently to improve fatigue in MS patients. This result may be due to the multifactorial nature of sleep disturbances and fatigue in people with MS.

scholarly journals Effect of early intervention for anxiety on sleep outcomes in adolescents: a randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Storm Mowatt Haugland ◽  
Mari Hysing ◽  
Asle Hoffart ◽  
Åshild Tellefsen Haaland ◽  
Jon Fauskanger Bjaastad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration

AbstractThe potential effect of early intervention for anxiety on sleep outcomes was examined in a sample of adolescents with anxiety (N = 313, mean 14.0 years, SD = 0.84, 84% girls, 95.7% Norwegians). Participants were randomized to one of three conditions: a brief or a standard-length cognitive-behavioral group-intervention (GCBT), or a waitlist control-group (WL). Interventions were delivered at schools, during school hours. Adolescents with elevated anxiety were recruited by school health services. Questionnaires on self-reported anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep characteristics were administered at pre- and post-intervention, post-waitlist, and at 1-year follow-up. Adolescents reported reduced insomnia (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, p < 0.001) and shorter sleep onset latency (d = 0.27, p <  0.001) from pre- to post-intervention. For insomnia, this effect was maintained at 1-year follow-up (OR = 0.54, p = 0.020). However, no effect of GCBT on sleep outcomes was found when comparing GCBT and WL. Also, no difference was found in sleep outcomes between brief and standard-length interventions. Adolescents defined as responders (i.e., having improved much or very much on anxiety after GCBT), did not differ from non-responders regarding sleep outcomes. Thus, anxiety-focused CBT, delivered in groups, showed no effect on sleep outcomes. Strategies specifically targeting sleep problems in adolescents should be included in GCBT when delivered as early intervention for adolescents with elevated anxiety.Trial registry Clinical trial registration: School Based Low-intensity Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Anxious Youth (LIST); http://clinicalrials.gov/; NCT02279251, Date: 11.31. 2014

scholarly journals The Cycle of Daily Stress and Sleep: Sleep Measurement Matters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica C Slavish ◽  
Justin Asbee ◽  
Kirti Veeramachaneni ◽  
Brett A Messman ◽  
Bella Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Sleep Measurement

Abstract Background Disturbed sleep can be a cause and a consequence of elevated stress. Yet intensive longitudinal studies have revealed that sleep assessed via diaries and actigraphy is inconsistently associated with daily stress. Purpose We expanded this research by examining daily associations between sleep and stress using a threefold approach to assess sleep: sleep diaries, actigraphy, and ambulatory single-channel electroencephalography (EEG). Methods Participants were 80 adults (mean age = 32.65 years, 63% female) who completed 7 days of stressor and sleep assessments. Multilevel models were used to examine bidirectional associations between occurrence and severity of daily stress with diary-, actigraphy-, and EEG-determined sleep parameters (e.g., total sleep time [TST], sleep efficiency, and sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset [WASO]). Results Participants reported at least one stressor 37% of days. Days with a stressor were associated with a 14.4-min reduction in actigraphy-determined TST (β = −0.24, p = 0.030), but not with other actigraphy, diary, or EEG sleep measures. Nights with greater sleep diary-determined WASO were associated with greater next-day stressor severity (β = 0.01, p = 0.026); no other diary, actigraphy, or EEG sleep measures were associated with next-day stressor occurrence or severity. Conclusions Daily stress and sleep disturbances occurred in a bidirectional fashion, though specific results varied by sleep measurement technique and sleep parameter. Together, our results highlight that the type of sleep measurement matters for examining associations with daily stress. We urge future researchers to treat sleep diaries, actigraphy, and EEG as complementary—not redundant—sleep measurement approaches.

scholarly journals Polysomnographic Sleep Is Associated With Time to Develop Dementia: A Study Using 19-Year VA National EHR Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 469-470
Author(s):  
Sara Nowakowski ◽  
Javad Razjouyan ◽  
Amir Sharafkhaneh ◽  
Mark Kunik ◽  
Aanand Naik
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
One Year ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Onset Group ◽  
Dementia Onset

Abstract Few studies have longitudinally investigated the association between objectively measured sleep and time to develop dementia. This study leverages polysomnography (PSG) sleep data extracted from the VA national electronic health records (VA-EHR) to assess the association between sleep and time to develop dementia. We identified 61,165 PSG reports from the VA-EHR from 2000 to 2019 using CPT codes. Patients who developed dementia were identified using all-cause dementia ICD-9/10 codes documented on two separate visits starting one year after the PSG study until the end of 2019 in a 1-year sliding period (n=1,534). Using the first appearance of ICD-9/10 code as dementia onset time, patients were clustered into 3 groups of early-, mid-, and late time to develop dementia (mean = 2.7, 7.5, 12.8 years, respectively). Natural language processing was used to extract sleep efficiency (SE) and sleep onset latency (SOL). Univariate analysis was used to compare the groups. After adjusting for age, SE was significantly higher in the late (76%) vs early (69%) group and SOL was significantly shorter in late (21m) versus early (33m) group. SE was higher and SOL was shorter in patients who developed dementia later compared to those who developed dementia earlier. Greater sleep continuity in late dementia onset group suggests that sleep may be a modifiable risk factor that could potentially delay the onset of dementia.

Abstract P199: Sleep Health Varies By Immigration Status And Acculturation Level In Women: Results From The American Heart Association Go Red For Women Strategically Focused Research Network

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan A Samayoa ◽  
Nour Makarem ◽  
Vivian Cao ◽  
Moorea Maguire ◽  
Huaqing Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
The Us

Introduction: The Healthy Immigrant Effect refers to the phenomenon that recent immigrants are on average healthier than their native-born counterparts. Greater immigrant acculturation to the US has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequently attributed to factors including the adoption of Western diets and decreased physical activity. While immigrants may have healthier habits than US adults, which may confer protection from CVD, there is little research on sleep health, particularly in immigrant women. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that immigrants, particularly those with greater acculturation, would have more sleep problems. Methods: Baseline data from a 1-y, community-based cohort of 506 women (61% racial/ethnic minority, mean age=37±16y) was used to evaluate cross-sectional associations between acculturation and sleep. Women self-reported their immigration status and national origin. Acculturation was measured from responses to questions regarding language preference, nativity (sorted by regions: Asia, Caribbean, Latin America, other), length of residency in the US, and age at immigration. Sleep duration, sleep quality, risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia were assessed using validated questionnaires. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, health insurance, education and BMI were used to evaluate associations between acculturation measures and sleep characteristics. Results: Women who were immigrants (n=176) reported lower mean sleep duration (6.60 ± 1.25 vs. 6.85 ± 1.22 h, p=0.02) compared to non-immigrants (n=323); non-immigrants were more likely than immigrants to sleep ≥7h/night (OR: 1.50, CI: 1.01-2.22, p=0.04). Women who immigrated to the US before vs. after age 25 y had lower odds of having sleep onset latency ≥26 min (OR:0.97, CI:0.95-1.00, p=0.03). Immigrant women living in the US >10y vs. <10y had more than 2-fold higher odds of having longer sleep onset latency (≥26 min) (OR:2.43, CI:1.09-5.41, p=0.03). Immigrants from the Caribbean were more likely than immigrants from other regions to be at a high risk for OSA (OR:2.65, CI:1.07-6.55, p=0.04). Conclusions: Compared to non-immigrants, immigrant women exhibit shorter habitual sleep duration. Sleep problems may vary by age of immigration, years lived in the US, and region of origin, as those who immigrated when they were older and those who had lived in the US>10 y required more time to fall asleep and Caribbean immigrants had higher OSA risk.

scholarly journals Sleep Problems in Pregnancy—A Cross-Sectional Study in over 7000 Pregnant Women in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5306
Author(s):  
Magdalena Smyka ◽  
Katarzyna Kosińska-Kaczyńska ◽  
Nicole Sochacki-Wójcicka ◽  
Magdalena Zgliczyńska ◽  
Mirosław Wielgoś
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aim was to characterize sleep patterns in pregnant women in Poland and to analyze the relation between sociodemographic factors, pregnancy-related physical symptoms and sleep problems. A self-composed questionnaire, containing questions in Polish language, was distributed online via web pages and Facebook groups designed for pregnant women. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographic data and information on the current pregnancy and sleep patterns over the past four weeks. Exactly 7207 respondents were included to the study. 77.09% reported sleep problems: nocturnal awakening (52.77%), sleep onset insomnia (20.23%), awakening too early (18.56%) and believed their sleep was too shallow (9.82%). Sleep onset insomnia (26.38%) and frequent awakening (62.88%) were most often reported in 3rd trimester, while daytime drowsiness (86.35%) and naps impeding daytime function (27.18%) in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. The analyzed demographic, socioeconomic and psychological issues had a small but significant influence on sleep problems occurrence (aOR 0.81–1.24). Time to conceive from 6 to 12 months of trying increased the risk of developing sleep problems during pregnancy (aOR 1.31). Pregnancy ailments increased the risk of sleep disturbances (aOR 1.53–2.59). Sleep disorders are prevalent among pregnant women in Poland. The evaluation of risk factors is essential in proper screening for sleep disorders in pregnant women.

Multicomponent Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention to Improve Sleep in Adolescents: A Multiple Baseline Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Hendricks ◽  
Cynthia M. Ward ◽  
Lauren K. Grodin ◽  
Keith J. Slifer
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Intervention

Background: Adolescents are prone to sleep problems that have unique developmental aspects and contribute to physical, emotional, and behavioural problems. Aims: This study evaluated an individualized, multicomponent intervention that considered developmental factors, and promoted age-appropriate autonomy in three adolescent females with disrupted sleep. Method: Adolescents recorded sleep data on daily logs. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design was used to evaluate a cognitive-behavioural intervention including sleep hygiene training, bedtime routine development, cognitive restructuring, relaxation training, stimulus control, sleep restriction, bedtime fading, and problem-solving, along with clinically indicated individualization. Results: Outcomes demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements and decreased variability in sleep parameters following intervention. Each participant's sleep log data indicated improvement in, or maintenance of, adequate total sleep time (TST), decreased sleep onset latency (SOL), improved sleep efficiency (SE), improvement in time of sleep onset, and decreased or continued low frequency of night awakenings (NA). Anecdotally, adolescents and parents reported improvement in daytime functioning, coping, and sense of wellbeing. Conclusions: These cases highlight the potential for cognitive-behavioural interventions to facilitate healthy sleep in adolescents with challenging sleep problems.

scholarly journals Sleep problems in 0-36 months old Indonesian children with atopic dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Irwanto ◽  
Hapsari W. Ningtiar ◽  
Taufiq Hidayat ◽  
Azwin M. Putera ◽  
Zahrah Hikmah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, highly pruritic skin condition that develops in early childhood. Sleep problems are common in AD children and lead to impaired quality of life, disturbance of neurocognitive function and behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep problems in 0-36 months old Indonesian children with AD. Children aged 0-36 months were enrolled, divided into two groups, AD and control. Sleep problems and AD were assessed using Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD). Chi-square test was performed to compare the outcome. There were 35 children participating in each group. In children with sleep problems, 85.7% were diagnosed with AD and 11.4% were non-AD. Nocturnal sleep duration, night waking, nocturnal wakefulness, sleep onset time, method of falling asleep and parental consideration of sleep problems occur more often within AD group. Severity of AD also significantly contributes to sleep problems in AD group. In conclusion, this study showed that sleep problems are more prevalent in children with AD.

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