scholarly journals Neuropsychological Characterization of Aggressive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with CD/ODD and Effects of Single Doses of Medications: The Protocol of the Matrics_WP6-1 Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Carla Balia ◽  
Sara Carucci ◽  
Annarita Milone ◽  
Roberta Romaniello ◽  
Elena Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Aggressive Children

Aggressive behaviors and disruptive/conduct disorders are some of the commonest reasons for referral to youth mental health services; nevertheless, the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in real-world clinical practice remains unclear. In order to define more appropriate targets for innovative pharmacological therapies for disruptive/conduct disorders, the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) funded the MATRICS project (Multidisciplinary Approaches to Translational Research in Conduct Syndromes) to identify neural, genetic, and molecular factors underpinning the pathogenesis of aggression/antisocial behavior in preclinical models and clinical samples. Within the program, a multicentre case-control study, followed by a single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, randomized acute single-dose medication challenge, was conducted at two Italian sites. Aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were compared to the same age (10–17 y) typically developing controls (TDC) on a neuropsychological tasks battery that included both “cold” (e.g., inhibitory control, decision making) and “hot” executive functions (e.g., moral judgment, emotion processing, risk assessment). Selected autonomic measures (heart rate variability, skin conductance, salivary cortisol) were recorded before/during/after neuropsychological testing sessions. The acute response to different drugs (methylphenidate/atomoxetine, risperidone/aripiprazole, or placebo) was also examined in the ODD/CD cohort in order to identify potential neuropsychological/physiological mechanisms underlying aggression. The paper describes the protocol of the clinical MATRICS WP6-1 study, its rationale, the specific outcome measures, and their implications for a precision medicine approach.

Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-190
Author(s):  
Ingrid Carla Brussier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Biological Development

This chapter investigates the psychological, physiological, and social aspects of conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). These disorders are classified in the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders class in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2013). This chapter will consider the symptoms of ODD and CD and their effect on a child's social and biological development. The most common consequences of the disorders will be discussed: for example, the risk for other psychopathologies, social adversities, delinquency, and aggression. These severe outcomes signal the need for therapy options for children and adolescents and the assessment of their efficacy.

scholarly journals Plasma Risperidone-related Measures in Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant/Conduct Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Daria Piacentino ◽  
Georgios D. Kotzalidis ◽  
Georgios Schoretsanitis ◽  
Michael Paulzen ◽  
Ekkehard Haen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

scholarly journals Clinical and Neuropsychological Predictors of Methylphenidate Response in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Naturalistic Follow-up Study in a Spanish Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Vallejo-Valdivielso ◽  
Pilar de Castro-Manglano ◽  
Azucena Díez-Suárez ◽  
Juan J. Marín-Méndez ◽  
Cesar A. Soutullo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly used medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but to date, there are neither consistent nor sufficient findings on conditions differentiating responsiveness to MPH response in ADHD. Objective: To develop a predictive model of MPH response, using a longitudinal and naturalistic follow-up study, in a Spanish sample of children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: We included all children and adolescents with ADHD treated with MPH in our outpatient Clinic (2005 to 2015), evaluated with the K-SADS interview. We collected ADHD-RS-IV.es and CGI-S scores at baseline and at follow up, and neuropsychological testing (WISC-IV, Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) & Stroop). Clinical response was defined as >30% reduction from baseline of total ADHD-RS-IV.es score and CGI-S final score of 1 or 2 maintained for the previous 3 months. Results: We included 518 children and adolescents with ADHD, mean (SD) age of patients was 11.4 (3.3) years old; 79% male; 51.7% had no comorbidities; and 75.31% had clinical response to a mean MPH dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day. Lower ADHD-RS-IV.es scores, absence of comorbidities (oppositional-defiant symptoms, depressive symptoms and alcohol/cannabis use), fewer altered neuropsychological tests, higher total IQ and low commission errors in CPT-II, were significantly associated with a complete clinical response to methylphenidate treatment. Conclusion: Oppositional-defiant symptoms, depressive symptoms, and a higher number of impaired neuropsychological tests are associated with worse clinical response to methylphenidate. Other stimulants or non-stimulants treatment may be considered when these clinical and neuropsychological variables converged in the first clinical interview.

scholarly journals Do Distinct Groups of Reactively and Proactively Aggressive Children Exist? A Confirmatory Latent Profile Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk van Dijk ◽  
Julie A. Hubbard ◽  
Peter K. H. Deschamps ◽  
Wieteke Hiemstra ◽  
Hanneke Polman
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Profile Approach ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Latent Profile

AbstractThe present study examined whether there are distinct groups of children with reactive versus proactive motives for their aggressive behavior. We extended previous research by using a person-based analytical approach on data from a questionnaire assessing children’s motives independently from the severity of their aggression. Two competing hypotheses were tested. The both subtypes hypothesis holds that both reactive and proactive subtypes exist, as well as a mixed subtype. The reactive only hypothesis holds that only reactive and mixed subtypes exist. Hypotheses were tested on existing data from a community sample of children displaying aggression (Study 1: n = 228, ages 10–13, 54% boys), and two clinical samples of children with aggressive behavior problems (Study 2: n = 115, ages 8–13, 100% boys; Study 3: n = 123, ages 6–8, 78% boys). Teachers reported on children’s reactive and proactive motives. We selected measures available from peers, parents, teachers, and children themselves to compare the supported subtypes on variables that previous literature suggests uniquely correlate with reactive versus proactive aggression. Confirmatory latent profile analyses revealed that the both subtypes hypothesis best fit the data of all three samples. Most children were classified as reactive (55.7–61.8% across samples), with smaller percentages classified as proactive (10.4–24.1%) and mixed (18.0–33.9%). However, these subtypes only differed in expected directions on 7 out of 34 measures. Overall, results support the existence of both reactive and proactive subtypes of aggressive children, but the distinctiveness of these subtypes in terms of social-emotional characteristics warrants further study.

Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders: Issues to be Resolved for DSM-IV

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN B. LAHEY ◽  
ROLF LOEBER ◽  
HERBERT C. QUAY ◽  
PAUL J. FRICK ◽  
JAMES GRIMM
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Detection of A-to-I RNA Editing in SARS-COV-2

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ernesto Picardi ◽  
Luigi Mansi ◽  
Graziano Pesole
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Rnaseq Data ◽  
The Impact

ADAR1-mediated deamination of adenosines in long double-stranded RNAs plays an important role in modulating the innate immune response. However, recent investigations based on metatranscriptomic samples of COVID-19 patients and SARS-COV-2-infected Vero cells have recovered contrasting findings. Using RNAseq data from time course experiments of infected human cell lines and transcriptome data from Vero cells and clinical samples, we prove that A-to-G changes observed in SARS-COV-2 genomes represent genuine RNA editing events, likely mediated by ADAR1. While the A-to-I editing rate is generally low, changes are distributed along the entire viral genome, are overrepresented in exonic regions, and are (in the majority of cases) nonsynonymous. The impact of RNA editing on virus–host interactions could be relevant to identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Fifty years of preventing and treating childhood behaviour disorders: a systematic review to inform policy and practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Christine Schwartz ◽  
Caitlyn Andres ◽  
Jenny Lou Barican ◽  
Donna Yung
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Incredible Years ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Prevention Programmes

QuestionOppositional defiant and conduct disorders (ODD and CD) start early and persist, incurring high individual and collective costs. To inform policy and practice, we therefore asked: What is the best available research evidence on preventing and treating these disorders?Study selection and analysisWe sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating interventions addressing the prevention or treatment of behaviour problems in individuals aged 18 years or younger. Our criteria were tailored to identify higher-quality RCTs that were also relevant to policy and practice. We searched the CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, updating our initial searches in May 2017. Thirty-seven RCTs met inclusion criteria—evaluating 15 prevention programmes, 8 psychosocial treatments and 5 medications. We then conducted narrative synthesis.FindingsFor prevention, 3 notable programmes reduced behavioural diagnoses: Classroom-Centered Intervention; Good Behavior Game; and Fast Track. Five other programmes reduced serious behaviour symptoms such as criminal activity. Prevention benefits were long term, up to 35 years. For psychosocial treatment, Incredible Years reduced behavioural diagnoses. Three other interventions reduced criminal activity. Psychosocial treatment benefits lasted from 1 to 8 years. While 4 medications reduced post-test symptoms, all caused important adverse events.ConclusionsConsiderable RCT evidence favours prevention.Clinical implicationsEffective prevention programmes should therefore be made widely available. Effective psychosocial treatments should also be provided for all children with ODD/CD. But medications should be a last resort given associated adverse events and given only short-term evidence of benefits. Policymakers and practitioners can help children and populations by acting on these findings.

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