scholarly journals Lateralized Brainstem and Cervical Spinal Cord Responses to Aversive Sounds: A Spinal fMRI Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Smith ◽  
Tiffany Kolesar ◽  
Jennifer Kornelsen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Spinal Fmri ◽  
Auditory Cortices ◽  
The Right ◽  
Influence Activity

Previous research has delineated the networks of brain structures involved in the perception of emotional auditory stimuli. These include the amygdala, insula, and auditory cortices, as well as frontal-lobe, basal ganglia, and cerebellar structures involved in the planning and execution of motoric behaviors. The aim of the current research was to examine whether emotional sounds also influence activity in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord. Seventeen undergraduate participants completed a spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study consisting of two fMRI runs. One run consisted of three one-minute blocks of aversive sounds taken from the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS) stimulus set; these blocks were interleaved by 40-s rest periods. The other block consisted of emotionally neutral stimuli also drawn from the IADS. The results indicated a stark pattern of lateralization. Aversive sounds elicited greater activity than neutral sounds in the right midbrain and brainstem, and in right dorsal and ventral regions of the cervical spinal cord. Neutral stimuli, on the other hand, elicited less neural activity than aversive sounds overall; these responses were left lateralized and were found in the medial midbrain and the dorsal sensory regions of the cervical spinal cord. Together, these results demonstrate that aversive auditory stimuli elicit increased sensorimotor responses in brainstem and cervical spinal cord structures.

scholarly journals An fMRI Study on Self-Perception of Patients after Aesthetic Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cattoni ◽  
Giulia Tetè ◽  
Riccardo Uccioli ◽  
Fabio Manazza ◽  
Giorgio Gastaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Virtual Planning ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

Objectives: In this functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study, we investigated the activation of cerebral pathways involved in the elaboration of self-retracting photos (SELF) and the same pictures of others (OTHER). Each of the photographs showed one of the participants during different stages of the rehabilitation: pre-treatment (PRE), virtual planning using “Smile-Lynx” smile design software (VIR), and post-rehabilitation (POST). Methods: We selected eighteen volunteers, both male and female, between 22 and 67 years of age, who previously underwent prosthetic rehabilitation. Each of them was subjected to an fMRI acquisition. Various stimuli were then shown to the subjects in the form of self-retracting photographs and photographs of other participants, all in pseudo-randomized order. We then carried out a two- stage mixed-effects group data analysis with statistical contrast targeting two main effects: one regarding the main effect of Identity (SELF vs. OTHER) and the other regarding the effect of the prosthetic rehabilitation phase (PRE vs. VIR vs. POS). All the effects mentioned above survived a peak-level of p < 0.05. Results: For the effect of identity, results reported the involvement of dorsolateral frontoparietal areas bilaterally. For the phase by identity effect, results reported activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the right hemisphere. A stronger activation in observing self-retracting photos (SELF) post-treatment (POST) was reported compared to the other phases considered in the experiment. Conclusions: All the collected data showed differences regarding the main effect of Identity (SELF vs. OTHER). Most importantly, the present study provides some trend-wise evidence that the pictures portraying the subject in their actual physiognomy (POST) have a somewhat special status in eliciting selectively greater brain activation in the SMA. This effect was interpreted as a plausible correlate of an empathic response for beautiful and neutral faces. The present research suggests a possible way to measure self-perception of the subject after an appearance-altering procedure such an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. However, future clinical studies are needed to investigate this matter further.

scholarly journals Altered modulation of sensorimotor rhythms with chronic paralysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 2412-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Foldes ◽  
Douglas J. Weber ◽  
Jennifer L. Collinger
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Cortical Oscillations ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Intact Muscle ◽  
Sensorimotor Rhythms

After paralysis, the disconnection between the cortex and its peripheral targets leads to neuroplasticity throughout the nervous system. However, it is unclear how chronic paralysis specifically impacts cortical oscillations associated with attempted movement of impaired limbs. We hypothesized that μ- (8–13 Hz) and β- (15–30 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) would be less modulated for individuals with hand paralysis due to cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). To test this, we compared the modulation of ERD from magnetoencephalography (MEG) during attempted and imagined grasping performed by participants with cervical SCI ( n = 12) and able-bodied controls ( n = 13). Seven participants with tetraplegia were able to generate some electromyography (EMG) activity during attempted grasping, whereas the other five were not. The peak and area of ERD were significantly decreased for individuals without volitional muscle activity when they attempted to grasp compared with able-bodied subjects and participants with SCI,with some residual EMG activity. However, no significant differences were found between subject groups during mentally simulated tasks (i.e., motor imagery) where no muscle activity or somatosensory consequences were expected. These findings suggest that individuals who are unable to produce muscle activity are capable of generating ERD when attempting to move, but the characteristics of this ERD are altered. However, for people who maintain volitional muscle activity after SCI, there are no significant differences in ERD characteristics compared with able-bodied controls. These results provide evidence that ERD is dependent on the level of intact muscle activity after SCI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Source space MEG was used to investigate sensorimotor cortical oscillations in individuals with SCI. This study provides evidence that individuals with cervical SCI exhibit decreased ERD when they attempt to grasp if they are incapable of generating muscle activity. However, there were no significant differences in ERD between paralyzed and able-bodied participants during motor imagery. These results have important implications for the design and evaluation of new therapies, such as motor imagery and neurofeedback interventions.

Cervical spinal cord BOLD fMRI study: Modulation of functional activation by dexterity of dominant and non-dominant hands

NeuroImage ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Cheuk Ng ◽  
Ed X. Wu ◽  
Ho-Fai Lau ◽  
Yong Hu ◽  
Edmund Y. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Bold Fmri ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Neuromyelitis Optica in a Nepalese Man

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yogesh Subedi ◽  
Utsav Joshi ◽  
Sanjeeb Sudarshan Bhandari ◽  
Ashbina Pokharel ◽  
Ashbita Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Hyperintense Signal ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Right

Background. Neuromyelitis optica is a severely disabling inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system of autoimmune etiology that mainly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Here, we present a case report detailing a patient with tingling and weakness of right upper and lower limbs who was neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G-positive. Case Presentation. A 46-year-old Nepalese man presented to the hospital with a history of tingling and weakness of right upper and lower limbs that developed over a period of two months. Clinical evaluation showed diminished power across all major muscle groups in the right upper and lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of his cervical spine showed T1 iso- to hypointense signal and T2 hyperintense signal in central cervical spinal cord from first to sixth cervical level, probably suggestive of myelitis or demyelination. The patient was immediately started on intravenous methylprednisolone. The diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica was later confirmed with strongly positive neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G. Conclusion. In resource limited setting, in the absence of tests for neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G, treatment was started and the patient’s condition started to get better. Hence, early initiation of aggressive immunosuppressive treatment is essential in such cases.

scholarly journals Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation (ALFF) in the Cervical Spinal Cord with Stenosis: A Resting State fMRI Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0167279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojia Liu ◽  
Wenshu Qian ◽  
Richu Jin ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Keith DK Luk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Frequency Fluctuation ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Alterations in Cortical Sensorimotor Connectivity following Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Resting-State fMRI Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0150351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinwunmi Oni-Orisan ◽  
Mayank Kaushal ◽  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Jack Leschke ◽  
B. Douglas Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Cord Injury

The arterial blood supply to the cervical spinal cord in European hare

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mazensky ◽  
Slavka Flesarova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Arterial Blood Supply ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dissection Technique

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the arterial arrangement of the cervical spinal cord in hare. The study was carried out on 20 adult European hares. Ten hares were used in the corrosion technique and ten hares in the dissection technique. After the killing, the vascular network was perfused with saline. Batson’s corrosion casting kit no. 17 © was used as a casting medium. After polymerisation of the medium, in ten hares the maceration was carried out in KOH solution, and in ten other hares formaldehyde was injected by the dissection technique into the vertebral canal. We found high variability in blood supply of the cervical spinal cord. The origin of the ventral spinal artery from the right vertebral artery was found on average in 65 % of the cases and from the anastomosis of two ventral spinal arteries was found on average in 35% of the cases. The presence of ventral branches of spinal branches entering the ventral spinal artery in the cervical region was observed in 37.9% of the cases on the right side and in 62.1% of the cases on the left side. The presence of dorsal branches of spinal branches was observed in 66.2% of the cases on the left side and in 33.8% of the cases on the right side.

scholarly journals Neural Responses to Consciously and Unconsciously Perceived Emotional Faces: A Spinal fMRI Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssia Wilson ◽  
Tiffany Kolesar ◽  
Jennifer Kornelsen ◽  
Stephen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Emotional Modulation ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Spinal Fmri

Emotional stimuli modulate activity in brain areas related to attention, perception, and movement. Similar increases in neural activity have been detected in the spinal cord, suggesting that this understudied component of the central nervous system is an important part of our emotional responses. To date, previous studies of emotion-dependent spinal cord activity have utilized long presentations of complex emotional scenes. The current study differs from this research by (1) examining whether emotional faces will lead to enhanced spinal cord activity and (2) testing whether these stimuli require conscious perception to influence neural responses. Fifteen healthy undergraduate participants completed six spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) runs in which three one-minute blocks of fearful, angry, or neutral faces were interleaved with 40-s rest periods. In half of the runs, the faces were clearly visible while in the other half, the faces were displayed for only 17 ms. Spinal fMRI consisted of half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences targeting the cervical spinal cord. The results indicated that consciously perceived faces expressing anger elicited significantly more activity than fearful or neutral faces in ventral (motoric) regions of the cervical spinal cord. When stimuli were presented below the threshold of conscious awareness, neutral faces elicited significantly more activity than angry or fearful faces. Together, these data suggest that the emotional modulation of spinal cord activity is most impactful when the stimuli are consciously perceived and imply a potential threat toward the observer.

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