scholarly journals White Matter Hyperintensity Regression: Comparison of Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Profiles with Progression and Stable Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar M. Al-Janabi ◽  
Christopher E. Bauer ◽  
Larry B. Goldstein ◽  
Richard R. Murphy ◽  
Ahmed A. Bahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Volumetric Quantification ◽  
Over Time

Subcortical white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the aging population frequently represent vascular injury that may lead to cognitive impairment. WMH progression is well described, but the factors underlying WMH regression remain poorly understood. A sample of 351 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) was explored who had WMH volumetric quantification, structural brain measures, and cognitive measures (memory and executive function) at baseline and after approximately 2 years. Selected participants were categorized into three groups based on WMH change over time, including those that demonstrated regression (n = 96; 25.5%), stability (n = 72; 19.1%), and progression (n = 209; 55.4%). There were no significant differences in age, education, sex, or cognitive status between groups. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in atrophy between the progression and both regression (p = 0.004) and stable groups (p = 0.012). Memory assessments improved over time in the regression and stable groups but declined in the progression group (p = 0.003; p = 0.018). WMH regression is associated with decreased brain atrophy and improvement in memory performance over two years compared to those with WMH progression, in whom memory and brain atrophy worsened. These data suggest that WMHs are dynamic and associated with changes in atrophy and cognition.

scholarly journals White matter hyperintensity increases are a feature of familial AD and are associated with increased brain atrophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Walsh ◽  
Carole H. Sudre ◽  
Emily N. Manning ◽  
Cassidy M. Fiford ◽  
Thomas Veale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity

THUR 006 A case of GABA-B antibody mediated encephalopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. A2.1-A2
Author(s):  
Abdel-Mannan Omar ◽  
Harikrishnan Seeedharan ◽  
Abdel-Aziz Khaled
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
New Left ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Oral Steroid ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Right

A previously well 17 year old female presented with a self-limiting episode of derealisation and depersonalisation lasting 24 hours. Initial MRI demonstrated new left peri-trigonal white matter hyperintensity. Initial bloods were normal and serum was negative for white cell enzymes, VLCFA and broad autoimmune screen but positive for GABA-b antibodies (Ab).Six months later, an acute cognitive decline, intermittent upper limb tremor and emotional lability led to readmission. On examination she had an ACE-R of 88/100 and mildly slowed saccades. Repeat MRI was stable and EEG was diffusely slow, particularly the right temporal lobe. She had a mild CSF lymphocytosis (8 cells). An underlying malignancy was excluded with CT chest, abdomen, pelvis and PET CT. She was treated with PLEX and pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone, which led to an improvement of her symptoms and cognitive status. She was discharged on oral steroid taper. One month later she had a milder relapse and was retreated with PLEX and started on mycophenolate. She has now been in remission for 18 months.ConclusionsOur case highlights that neurologists should consider GABA-b Ab mediated encephalitis as a differential in patients presenting with derealisation and depersonalisation, in addition to previously described presentations of seizures and ataxia.

scholarly journals Frontal White Matter Hyperintensity Is Associated with Verbal Aggressiveness in Elderly Women with Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Ogama ◽  
Takashi Sakurai ◽  
Naoki Saji ◽  
Toshiharu Nakai ◽  
Shumpei Niida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aims: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are exhibited in most patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Although white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is often observed with AD, the precise role of WMH in BPSD remains unclear. The current study aimed to identify the impact of regional WMH on specific features of BPSD in persons with mild to moderate AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: A sample of 256 female outpatients with AD (n = 217) and aMCI (n = 39) were recruited. We assessed BPSD using the Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale. WMH and brain atrophy were evaluated using an automatic segmentation program. Regional WMH was evaluated as periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep WMH in frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes. Results: Whole-brain WMH was associated with verbal aggressiveness. In multivariate analysis, PVH in the frontal lobe was independently associated with verbal aggressiveness after adjustment for brain atrophy and clinical confounders. Conclusion: The current results indicated that PVH in the frontal lobe was independently associated with verbal aggressiveness.

scholarly journals Local connectome phenotypes predict social, health, and cognitive factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Powell ◽  
Javier O. Garcia ◽  
Fang-Cheng Yeh ◽  
Jean M. Vettel ◽  
Timothy Verstynen
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

The unique architecture of the human connectome is defined initially by genetics and subsequently sculpted over time with experience. Thus, similarities in predisposition and experience that lead to similarities in social, biological, and cognitive attributes should also be reflected in the local architecture of white matter fascicles. Here we employ a method known as local connectome fingerprinting that uses diffusion MRI to measure the fiber-wise characteristics of macroscopic white matter pathways throughout the brain. This fingerprinting approach was applied to a large sample ( N = 841) of subjects from the Human Connectome Project, revealing a reliable degree of between-subject correlation in the local connectome fingerprints, with a relatively complex, low-dimensional substructure. Using a cross-validated, high-dimensional regression analysis approach, we derived local connectome phenotype (LCP) maps that could reliably predict a subset of subject attributes measured, including demographic, health, and cognitive measures. These LCP maps were highly specific to the attribute being predicted but also sensitive to correlations between attributes. Collectively, these results indicate that the local architecture of white matter fascicles reflects a meaningful portion of the variability shared between subjects along several dimensions.

IC-03-02: The independent effects of white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid levels on brain atrophy

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S6-S7
Author(s):  
Josephine Barnes ◽  
Owen Carmichael ◽  
Kelvin Leung ◽  
Christopher Schwarz ◽  
Gerard Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Independent Effects

scholarly journals White Matter Hyperintensity and Vascular Disease from Biological Basis to Clinical Significance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Garofalo ◽  
Harman S. Suri ◽  
Michele Porcu ◽  
Jasjit S. Suri ◽  
Luca Saba
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
White Matter Disease ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Staging Systems ◽  
Over Time

“White matter disease” identifies series of different conditions and pathological mechanisms: autoimmune, infectious, toxic-metabolic and vascular. Each of these leads to a global impairment of the neural myelination process through the secondary destruction of previously myelinated structures. To date, the imaging spectrum represents an irreplaceable tool to detect these lesions, describe their distribution patterns and stage them over time. This study aims presents a pictorial review of white matter disease, from pathology to imaging spectrum, reporting current main staging systems with greater emphasis to relationship between cerebrovascular disease and white matter hyper-intensity appearance, and the newest advances in this field.

scholarly journals Human anterolateral entorhinal cortex volumes are associated with preclinical cognitive decline

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Olsen ◽  
L-K Yeung ◽  
A Noly-Gandon ◽  
MC D’Angelo ◽  
A Kacollja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractWe investigated whether older adults without subjective memory complaints, but who present with cognitive decline in the laboratory, demonstrate atrophy in medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions associated with Alzheimer's disease. Forty community-dwelling older adults were categorized based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) performance. Total grey/white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and white matter hyperintensity load were quantified from whole-brain T1-weighted and FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging scans, while hippocampal subfields and MTL cortical subregion volumes (CA1, dentate gyrus/CA2/3, subiculum, anterolateral and posteromedial entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices) were quantified using high-resolution T2-weighted scans. Cognitive status was evaluated using standard neuropsychological assessments. No significant differences were found in the whole-brain measures. However, MTL volumetry revealed that anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alERC) volume -- the same region in which Alzheimer's pathology originates -- was strongly associated with MoCA performance. This is the first study to demonstrate that alERC volume is related to cognitive decline in preclinical, community-dwelling older adults.

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