scholarly journals Efficacy of Cell-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Chrostek ◽  
Emily G. Fellows ◽  
Winston L. Guo ◽  
William J. Swanson ◽  
Andrew T. Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Promising Avenue ◽  
Viable Treatment

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a leading cause of death and disability. Additionally, growing evidence suggests a link between TBI-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Treatments for TBI patients are limited, largely focused on rehabilitation therapy, and ultimately, fail to provide long-term neuroprotective or neurorestorative benefits. Because of the prevalence of TBI and lack of viable treatments, new therapies are needed which can promote neurological recovery. Cell-based treatments are a promising avenue because of their potential to provide multiple therapeutic benefits. Cell-based therapies can promote neuroprotection via modulation of inflammation and promote neurorestoration via induction of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Neural stem/progenitor cell transplantations have been investigated in preclinical TBI models for their ability to directly contribute to neuroregeneration, form neural-like cells, and improve recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated in clinical trials through multiple different routes of administration. Intravenous administration of MSCs appears most promising, demonstrating a robust safety profile, correlation with neurological improvements, and reductions in systemic inflammation following TBI. While still preliminary, evidence suggests cell-based therapies may become a viable treatment for TBI based on their ability to promote neuroregeneration and reduce inflammation.

Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Mishra ◽  
Vikram Jeet Singh ◽  
Pooja A Chawla ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Injury Recovery

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders belong to different classes of progressive/chronic conditions that affect the peripheral/central nervous system. It has been shown through studies that athletes who play sports involving repeated head trauma and sub-concussive impacts are more likely to experience neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders in the long run. Aims: The aim of the current narrative review article is to provide a summary of various nutraceuticals that offer promise in the prevention or management of sports-related injuries, especially concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries. Methods: This article reviews the various potential nutraceutical agents and their possible mechanisms in providing a beneficial effect in the injury recovery process. A thorough survey of the literature was carried out in the relevant databases to identify studies published in recent years. In the present article, we have also highlighted the major neurological disorders along with the associated nutraceutical(s) therapy in the management of disorders. Results: The exact pathological mechanism behind neurodegenerative conditions is complex as well as idiopathic. However, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress as well as intracellular calcium overload are some common reasons responsible for the progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. Owing to the multifaceted effects of nutraceuticals (complementary medicine), these supplements have gained importance as neuroprotective. These diet-based approaches inhibit different pathways in a physiological manner without eliciting adverse effects. Food habits and lifestyle of an individual also affect neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Studies have shown nutraceuticals (such as resveratrol, omega-3-fatty acids) to be efficacious in terms of their neuroprotection against several neurodegenerative disorders and to be used as supplements in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Protection prior to injuries is needed since concussions or sub-concussive impacts may trigger several pathophysiological responses or cascades that can lead to long-term complications associated with CNS. Thus, the use of nutraceuticals as prophylactic treatment for neurological interventions has been proposed.

Long-Term Anesthetic-Dependent Hypoactivity after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in Adolescent Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette D. Semple ◽  
Raha Sadjadi ◽  
Jaclyn Carlson ◽  
Yiran Chen ◽  
Duan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBIs) culminate in neurological impairments and chronic neurodegeneration, which have wide-ranging implications for patient management and return-to-play decisions for athletes. Adolescents show a high prevalence of sports-related head injuries and may be particularly vulnerable to rmTBIs due to ongoing brain maturation. However, it remains unclear whether rmTBIs, below the threshold for acute neuronal injury or symptomology, influence long-term outcomes. To address this issue, we first defined a very mild injury in adolescent mice (postnatal day 35) as evidenced by an increase in Iba-1- labeled microglia in white matter in the acutely injured brain, in the absence of indices of cell death, axonal injury, and vasogenic edema. Using this level of injury severity and Avertin (2,2,2-tribromoethanol) as the anesthetic, we compared mice subjected to either a single mTBI or 2 rmTBIs, each separated by 48 h. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted at 1 week and at 1 and 3 months postimpact. Mice subjected to rmTBIs showed transient anxiety and persistent and pronounced hypoactivity compared to sham control mice, alongside normal sensorimotor, cognitive, social, and emotional function. As isoflurane is more commonly used than Avertin in animal models of TBI, we next examined long-term outcomes after rmTBIs in mice that were anesthetized with this agent. However, there was no evidence of abnormal behaviors even with the addition of a third rmTBI. To determine whether isoflurane may be neuroprotective, we compared the acute pathology after a single mTBI in mice anesthetized with either Avertin or isoflurane. Pathological findings were more pronounced in the group exposed to Avertin compared to the isoflurane group. These collective findings reveal distinct behavioral phenotypes (transient anxiety and prolonged hypoactivity) that emerge in response to rmTBIs. Our findings further suggest that selected anesthetics may confer early neuroprotection after rmTBIs, and as such mask long-term abnormal phenotypes that may otherwise emerge as a consequence of acute pathogenesis.

Estimates of Long-Term Disability Among US Service Members With Traumatic Brain Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yll Agimi ◽  
Donald Marion ◽  
Karen Schwab ◽  
Katharine Stout
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Service Members

Brain injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Niruj Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical Impact

Acquired brain injuries (ABIs) can be categorized as traumatic or non-traumatic brain injuries. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), sub-classified as either open or closed TBIs, depending on whether there is a fracture of the skull or a breach of the dura mater, are typically caused by a physical impact such as blunt trauma or a fall. Non-TBIs can be caused by cerebrovascular events, infections, or chemical factors. This chapter predominantly focuses on TBIs, exploring techniques to measure their extent, such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the aetiology of TBIs. Moreover, the long-term effects of TBIs are explored, such as anxiety disorders which often present themselves in their aftermath and the likelihood for TBI-induced personality change. The associated effects of non-TBIs are then examined, specifically with reference to anoxic brain injuries and those induced by drugs or alcohol.

Long-term multi-dimensional outcome following isolated traumatic brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries associated with multiple trauma

Brain Injury ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan D. Moore ◽  
Michael Stambrook ◽  
Lois C. Peters ◽  
Erico R. Cardoso ◽  
Diamond A. Kassum
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Trauma ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries

Long-Term Trends and Patterns of Fatal Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Austria in 1980–2012: Analysis of 33 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Majdan ◽  
Walter Mauritz ◽  
Martin Rusnak ◽  
Alexandra Brazinova ◽  
Veronika Rehorcikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Long Term Trends

scholarly journals Advanced brain injury Neuroprotection therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sathik R T ◽  
Thanish K
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The People

Head injury typically talks about to TBI, but is a larger category because it can includeinjury to assemblies other than the intelligence, such as the scalp and skull. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disturbs a rising portion of the people and endures to take national attention with early payment in imaging equipment and in debt of long-term effects. TBI is a most important cause of death and failure to wide-reaching, specifically in teen-agers and undeveloped adults. Males withstand traumatic brain injuries additional habitually than do females. Though, there is great variance in TBI handlingprocedures due to injury inconsistency and absence of both automatousconsiderate and robust treatment references. In Recent years proposes three differenthandlingmethods, all which key purpose at cheering neuroprotection after that TBI, show possibilities: instantaneous hypothermia, hyperbaric oxygen, and progesterone enhancement. The investigation is provocative at times, yet there are profuseopenings to develop the knowledgebehind schedule hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy which would confidently aid in make straight the current data. Additionally, while progesterone has already been packaged in nanoparticle form it may benefit from continued formulation and managementinvestigation. The treatments and the opportunities for development isgo through in the present paper.

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