scholarly journals Developing a Scoring System to Evaluate the Level of Smartness in Commercial Buildings: A Case of Sri Lanka

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Randima Nirmal Gunatilaka ◽  
Fathima Nishara Abdeen ◽  
Samad M. E. Sepasgozar
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Number Of Publications

Smart buildings (SBs) are developed in many different ways and are self-proclaimed smart. There are a great number of publications introducing smart systems using a wider range of tools and sensors. However, the level of smartness, functions of the smart system, and the usefulness of the system are not the same, which may give a wrong impression to clients or potential buyers of a building. Developing a scoring system that enables determining the overall smartness of a building is necessary. Despite the necessity, there is a dearth of studies in this area. Hence, the purpose of this study is to develop a scoring system to evaluate the level of smartness of Sri Lankan commercial buildings. Thus, initially, smart criteria were identified, defined, and categorized through a literature survey. Subsequently, 35 experts in the commercial building sector were interviewed. Finally, the relative importance of the smart criteria was derived through the AHP technique, and accordingly, a scoring system was developed. The study identified six main criteria to evaluate the smartness of buildings in the scoring system. The automation criterion with the highest relative weight was concluded to be the dominant criterion (45.59%) in the scoring system. Communication and data sharing were placed at second with a relative weight of 18.76% and indicates the importance given by the study findings in establishing the backbones of SBs. Occupants’ comfort, energy management, occupants’ health and safety, and sustainability criterion were ranked third, fourth, fifth, and sixth within the scoring system. This study is one of the first to investigate in detail the contribution of both soft and hard services of a facility in determining the overall smartness of a building. Property developers in the commercial building sector can benefit from this study by recognizing the necessary criteria to be embedded in their SB development projects in order to attract more tenants and customers.

scholarly journals Operational Carbon Change in Commercial Buildings under the Carbon Neutral Goal: A LASSO–WOA Approach

Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Xiwang Xiang ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Zhili Ma ◽  
Minda Ma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Whale Optimization ◽  
New Perspective

The rapid growth of energy consumption in commercial building operations has hindered the pace of carbon emission reduction in the building sector in China. This study used historical data to model the carbon emissions of commercial building operations, the LASSO regression was applied to estimate the model results, and the whale optimization algorithm was used to optimize the nonlinear parameter. The key findings show the following: (1) The major driving forces of carbon emissions from commercial buildings in China were found to be the population size and energy intensity of carbon emissions, and their elastic coefficients were 0.6346 and 0.2487, respectively. (2) The peak emissions of the commercial building sector were 1264.81 MtCO2, and the peak year was estimated to be 2030. Overall, this study analyzed the historical emission reduction levels and prospective peaks of carbon emissions from China’s commercial buildings from a new perspective. The research results are helpful for governments and decision makers to formulate effective emission reduction policies and can also provide references for the low-carbon development of other countries and regions.

scholarly journals Conflicts and management styles in the Sri Lankan commercial building sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathuri Gunarathna ◽  
Rebecca Jing Yang ◽  
Nirodha Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Building Sector

scholarly journals ENHANCING THE INTEGRATION OF SMART FEATURES IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS TO CONSERVE ENERGY: A FRAMEWORK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A.A. Dilogini ◽  
◽  
P. Sridarran ◽  
G. Mahedrarajah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Commercial Building

The commercial building sector is classified as a highly energy-intensive category in Sri Lanka. Building practitioners adopt energy-saving mechanisms to minimise energy consumption. However, the integration of smart features plays a vital role in conserving energy in commercial buildings. However, Sri Lanka lags behind in the adoption of smart features when compared to other countries. To address this problem, this study aimed to develop a framework for the better integration of smart features to minimise the energy consumption of Sri Lankan commercial buildings. This research is carried out initially by literature review, and then research has been followed by case study. Data collected is analysed through manual content analysis and computer software with the aid of NVivo 12 software. Findings revealed that smart features are the new technologies evolved in commercial buildings to conserve energy. However, building practitioners faced several issues in integrating these features within the existing buildings. Limited knowledge of management, building owners and operators, high initial cost, and lack of workforce skill were identified as main barriers to integrating smart features in Sri Lankan commercial buildings. Moreover, this research identified the possible mechanisms for the better integration of smart features in commercial buildings. For better integration, it is required to plan it at the initial design stage of buildings, select reliable contractors, and raise awareness of management and client about smart features. Finally, a framework was developed for the better integration of smart features to minimise the energy consumption of Sri Lankan commercial buildings.

scholarly journals Patent Analysis on the Development of the Shale Petroleum Industry Based on a Network of Technological Indices

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6746
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yong-Gil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Technological Indices ◽  
Degree Of Convergence

This study investigated the technological developments in the shale petroleum industry by analyzing patent data using a network of technological indices. The technological developments were promoted by the beginning of the shale industry, and after the first five years, it showed a more complex development pattern with the convergence of critical technologies. This paper described progress in the shale petroleum technologies as changes in relatedness networks of technological components. The relatedness represents degree of convergence between technological components, and betweenness centrality of network represents priority of technological components. In the results, the progress of the critical technologies such as directional drilling, increasing permeability, and smart systems, were actively carried out from 2012 to 2016. Especially, unconverged technology of increasing permeability and the converged technology of directional drilling and smart system has been intensively developed. Some technological components of the critical technologies are more significant in the form of converged technology.

scholarly journals Difficulties and Countermeasures on Fire Protection Design of Large Commercial Building

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Wuyi Han
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Design Specification

<p>Large commercial building has gradually become the main trend in commercial buildings recently. In current national fire protection design specification, the lacking of targeted measures for the fire protection design on such building will bring obsession to building designers during the specific engineering design, and it can easily lead to non-compliance with national specification. Therefore, we propose relevant state departments to publish state technical standard on fire control against fire protection design of large commercial building. Based on the collected information, data and conducted experiments, standardize the fire protection design of such buildings, will effectively avoiding formation of major fire potential. </p>

Analysis of the Development of Chinese Commercial Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Jia Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Intelligent Buildings ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Periods

Based on the concept, the development characteristics of commercial buildings in different historical periods in China was summarized: before Song Dynasty, the Chinese commercial buildings mainly referred to simple stalls; after the Song Dynasty, commercial buildings developed with the appearance of restaurants, hotels and some entertainment places; in modern Chinese, commercial buildings showed the trend of westernization. So far, the variety and size of commercial buildings became more centralized and comprehensive. With the appearance of more green and intelligent buildings, the concept of sustainable development is reflected in the design of commercial buildings. The author expects the future of Chinese commercial buildings and provides some reference for the design and development of commercial building in the future.

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