Comparative characteristics of the petrographic composition and quality of coal series С12 and С13 of the Prydniporovia Block

Taking into consideration the whole history of geological development of the Western Donbas, data on composition and grade of С12 series coal involved information about the geotectonic development of the Basin. To satisfy the objectives, a system of research methods, covering petrographic, computational, statistical, chronological, comparative and other methods, has been applied. In the process of identification of the petrographic composition and grade of series С12coal on the territory of the Prydniprovia Block, and determination of lateral regularities of their change as well as change in stratigraphic section of the Lower Carboniferous, data of petrographic as well as chemical and technological indices of the coal seam c1 were generalized along with data of all seams of С13 series. The activities helped define genetic features of series С12coal as well as stratigraphic and lateral regularities of changes in the coal composition. The differences in the petrographic composition as well as in the chemical and technological characteristics of series С12 and С13 are indicative of dissimilar conditions of formation of their peat depositions. It has been determined that compared with С13 series coal, the coal of С12 series contains more humidity and fewer mineral impurities. It is characterized by higher values of sulfur content, volatile-matter content, and combustion heat. The ultimate composition of coal seams of С12series is characterized by smaller values of carbon and oxygen contents as well as greater hydrogen content. The conclusions on common features and differences in the petrographic composition as well as chemical and technological features of coal seams of С12and С13 series, and regularities of their changes over the area of the seam occurrence was assessed.

Regularities in the distribution of granulometric composition of tuff while crushing

Purpose is to analyze distribution of granulometric composition of tuff as well as ultimate composition and identify dependence of its softening in the process of water saturation based upon a set of experiments to assess raw materials importance of the mineral. Methods. Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine ultimate composition of tuff extracted from different open pits of the region. Methods of mathematical statistics were applied to derive analytical dependences describing the tuff softening in the process of water saturation. The dependences denote logarithmic nature of the saturation increase along with the increase in the sample weight. Findings. It has been determined that tuff is a valuable mineral rather than basalt extraction waste. Thus, tuff needs both mining and complex approaches for processing and extracting of useful metals and silicates. Analytical dependences of tuff softening during water saturation have been defined. The dependences denote logarithmic nature of the saturation increase based upon a sample weight increment. Magnetic susceptibility of tuff, turned on magnetic field induction, has been identified. Dependences of distribution of technological indices (i.e. product yield, copper content and yield) in terms of granulometric-size class have been identified; the basic factors for crushing process have been determined; and regression dependences of grinder efficiency upon the input factors have been derived. Regression model of a crushing process of a general technological scheme of ore processing has been obtained involving the initial fragmentation using a jaw crusher, and additional fragmentation (i.e. reduction) using a sizer. Originality.It has been determined that magnetic susceptible tuff share is 49% of the sample weight; the remaining part is a silicate share. Logarithmic nature of the analytical softening dependences while water saturating has been identified. The above-mentioned denotes the increased saturation along with the increase in a sample weight. Practical implications. The definition of tuff ultimate composition as well as analytical softening dependences in the process of water saturation makes it possible to calculate the required water consumption. Keywords: tuff, basalt, softening, water saturation, silicate, magnetic susceptibility, ultimate composition, crushing

AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF GRAIN COMBINE HARVESTER CLEANING OPERATION

The technological indices of the efficiency of grain combine harvesteroperation include the quality of the ob-tained grain mixture and the amount of grain loss. The hu-man factor has a great influence on these indices which can be minimized by automating the control of the combine harvestercleaning. We have proposed a design of such a device including a fan drive from an asynchronous electric motor with afrequency converter, servo controls for adjust-ing the angles of the upper and lower shutters, an acoustic grain loss sensor that allows feedback in the control sys-tem and the process controller. As a result, the effect of the internal combustion engine ofthe combine on the shaft rotation frequency will be reduced; there will be no need to use the DC electric drive or a fan mechanical drive; it will be possible to automatically adjust the angle of inclination of the shutters with an accuracy of 0.1°; therewill be the possibility of constructing a cleaning system control algo-rithm based on neural networks. The use of this device will improve the quality of harvesting, reduce grain losses and reduce the amount of impurities in the combine hopper

Patent Analysis on the Development of the Shale Petroleum Industry Based on a Network of Technological Indices

This study investigated the technological developments in the shale petroleum industry by analyzing patent data using a network of technological indices. The technological developments were promoted by the beginning of the shale industry, and after the first five years, it showed a more complex development pattern with the convergence of critical technologies. This paper described progress in the shale petroleum technologies as changes in relatedness networks of technological components. The relatedness represents degree of convergence between technological components, and betweenness centrality of network represents priority of technological components. In the results, the progress of the critical technologies such as directional drilling, increasing permeability, and smart systems, were actively carried out from 2012 to 2016. Especially, unconverged technology of increasing permeability and the converged technology of directional drilling and smart system has been intensively developed. Some technological components of the critical technologies are more significant in the form of converged technology.

Substanion of the design and technological parameters of the rotary cultivator for the soil tillage in the orchard round-of-stem and inter stem belts

The purpose of our researches was to increase the efficiency and quality of the soil tillage in the intense orchard round – of stem and inter stem belts and to decrease the process energy intensity by means of the improvement of the technology and technological means of carrying out this operation. The authors analyzed the existing technologies and technical means of the soil management in the orchard – of – stem and inter stem belts, presented the main drawback of the existing rotary cultivators with the vertical rotation axis that makes it impossible to manage inter stem belts in sensed intense orchards and chosen the investigations direction. The major above mentioned rotary cultivator parameters were substantiated for the soil management in the above named orchard belts. The program of the laboratory and field explorations was developed as well as the methods of conducting them and design documentation. The novelty and design peculiarity of the rotary cultivator construction were substantiated as well as the designation and principle of the action of its working tools. The cultivator experimental sample was made. The requirements to carrying out its testing were elaborated, the principal duality indicators determined as well as of its work efficiency. The cultivator laboratory and field testing was conducted. Its design scheme was presented as well as the total air in the operation. The main technical and technological indices of the rotary cultivator work were established as a result of the timekeeping observations. The preliminary calculations showed that the labour productivity when the above mentioned belts tilling with the studied cultivator increased by 1,2-2 times as compared to the hand – operated cultivation. The rotary cultivator work reliability was evaluated. After the extensive checking up under the productional conditions and corresponding additional works the cultivator may be recommended to be introduced into production.

Problems of implementation of best available technologiesat industrial plants

After the changes to the Federal law “On environment protection” came into force, the plants having considerable negative impact on environment, including plants of steel industry and non-ferrous metallurgy, from January 1, 2019 have to proceed to implementation of best available technologies. Among the problems, the information and analytical provision of such technologies implementation noticed. Formulation of “complex ecological permission” and “best available technology” (“BAT”) meanings considered. Items of registration considered, including order and terms, specified for BAT receiving, which substitutes the permission for emission of contaminants intoatmosphere, limits for contaminants emission, permission for contaminants discharge into environment, limits for contaminants discharge, norms for wastes formation and limits for their allocation. A list of supporting actions at implementation of measures on environment protection quoted, including state support ofactivity on BAT implementation and other measures decreasing negative impact on environment. Bureau of BAT elaborated information and technical reference books on BATs, which are available at internet-site http://burondt.ru/index/its-ndt.html. For steel industry and related industries list of the reference books on BATs recommended for familiarization. A reference to an electron resource, containing “List of main technological equipment, used at implementation of best available technologies” quoted. The document approved by the RF Government’ decree. Problems considered, related to BAT implementation, including absence of approved technological indices of BAT and incompleteness of list of equipment recommended for implementation.

Study of BOF slags properties with the purpose of their utilization technology perfection

Actuality of steel-making slags utilization is stipulated not only by the necessity to improve ecology situation at the sites of slag piles, but also by a possibility to obtain additional raw materials for metallurgical production. Increase of the domestic iron-containing raw materials at Magnitogorsky steel-works can be done by more effective processing of steel-making slags. To improve the technology of BOF slags processing, a work done to study their chemical and mineral composition. It was established, that primary and secondary BOF slags are attributed to basic and ultra-basic, since the SiO2 mass share is less than 25–40%. Petrographic study results and data of IR-spectroscopy showed, that larnite, alite, monticellite and oxide RO-phase (Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg2+)O are main mineral components of the BOF slags. In many cases, the structure of the secondary BOF slags has middle-size grains, and the structure of primary slags is fine-grained. The texture of the secondary and primary slag is more often massive. The BOF slags have globules of iron, the size of which varies from sub-millimeters up to 5 mm. Study of influence of various methods of BOF slag particles destruction on the degree of globules disclosure showed, that application of centrifugal-striking crushing facilities provides more selective globules disclosure comparing with other methods. It was proved, that dry magnetic separation in suspended state, due to its peculiarities, provides higher technological indices comparing with drum separator when separating fine slags even at increase material moisture up to 5%.