Establishment of an Endoscopy-Guided Minimally Invasive Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Open orthotopic mouse models of colorectal cancer have disadvantages such as the requirement for advanced surgical skills or the trauma caused by laparotomy. To overcome these drawbacks, this study aimed to evaluate the establishment of a minimally invasive model using murine colonoscopy. CT26 and MC38 CRC cells of different concentrations were injected into BALB/C and C57BL/6J mice, respectively. Follow-up endoscopies were performed to assign an endoscopic score to tumor growth. Gross autopsy, histologic and immuno-histochemical evaluation, and immune scoring were performed. To describe the learning curve of the procedures, a performance score was given. Local tumor growth with colorectal wall infiltration, luminal ulceration, the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, lympho-vascular invasion, and early spontaneous lymph node, peritoneal, and hepatic metastases were observed. The tumors showed cytoplasmic immuno-staining for CK20. Compared to the MC38/C57BL/6J model, tumorigenicity and immunogenicity of the CT26/BALB/C model were higher. Tumor volume correlated with the endoscopic score. This endoscopy-guided orthotopic mouse model is easy to learn and quick to establish. It features early metastasis and enables the study of interactions with the immune system. When specific cell concentrations and cell lines are applied, controlled local tumor growth and metastasis can be achieved within short observation periods.

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An Optimal Orthotopic Mouse Model for Human Colorectal Cancer Primary Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum ◽

10.1097/dcr.0000000000001096 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nathan Hite ◽

Aaron Klinger ◽

Linh Hellmers ◽

Grace A. Maresh ◽

Peter E. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Primary Tumor Growth ◽

Spontaneous Metastasis ◽

Human Colorectal Cancer ◽

Orthotopic Mouse Model

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Whole-Body Bioluminescent Imaging of Human Uveal Melanoma in a New Mouse Model of Local Tumor Growth and Metastasis

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.04-0245 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1581 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Irene C. Notting ◽

Jeroen T. Buijs ◽

Ivo Que ◽

Ratna E. Mintardjo ◽

Geertje van der Horst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Uveal Melanoma ◽

Whole Body ◽

Bioluminescent Imaging ◽

Local Tumor ◽

Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽

Local Tumor Growth

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Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented skim milk as an adjuvant to uracil-tegafur reduces tumor growth and improves chemotherapy side effects in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 36-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chia-Yuan Chang ◽

Bing-Ying Ho ◽

Tzu-Ming Pan

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Side Effects ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Orthotopic Mouse Model ◽

Chemotherapy Side Effects

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Gamma Knife surgery for brain metastases from colorectal cancer

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2010.9.jns10354 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 782-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Shigeo Matsunaga ◽

Takashi Shuto ◽

Nobutaka Kawahara ◽

Jun Suenaga ◽

Shigeo Inomori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Gamma Knife ◽

Growth Control ◽

Gamma Knife Surgery ◽

Local Tumor ◽

Local Tumor Growth

Object The outcomes after Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) were retrospectively analyzed in patients with brain metastases from radioresistant primary colorectal cancer to evaluate the efficacy of GKS and the prognostic factors for local tumor control and overall survival. Methods The authors reviewed the medical records of 152 patients with 616 tumors. The group included 102 men and 50 women aged 35–85 years (mean age 64.4 years), who underwent GKS for metastatic brain tumors from colorectal cancer between April 1992 and September 2008 at Yokohama Rosai Hospital. Results The mean prescription dose to the tumor margin was 18.5 Gy (range 8–30 Gy). The mean tumor volume at GKS was 2.0 cm3 (range 0.004–10.0 cm3). The primary tumors were located in the colon in 88 patients and the rectum in 64. The median interval between the diagnosis of primary lesions and the diagnosis of brain metastases was 27 months (range 0–180 months). The median neuroradiological follow-up period after GKS was 3 months (mean 6.4 months, range 1–93 months). The local tumor growth control rate, based on MR imaging, was 91.2%. The significant factors for unfavorable local tumor growth control, based on multivariate analysis, were larger tumor volume (p = 0.001) and lower margin dose (p = 0.016). The median overall survival time was 6 months. Lower Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p = 0.026) and the presence of extracranial metastases (p = 0.004) at first GKS were significantly correlated with poor overall survival period in multivariate analysis. The cause of death was systemic disease in 112 patients and neurological disease in 13 patients. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis was significantly correlated with a shorter duration of neurological survival in multivariate analysis (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Gamma Knife surgery is effective for suppression of local tumor growth in patients with brain metastases from radioresistant colorectal primary cancer. Therefore, clinical and radiological screening of intracranial metastases for patients with lower KPS scores and/or the presence of extracranial metastases as well as follow-up examinations after GKS for brain metastases should be performed periodically in patients with colorectal cancer, because the neurological prognosis is improved by initial and repeat GKS for newly diagnosed or recurrent tumors leading to a prolonged high-quality survival period.

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