scholarly journals Electronic Cigarettes and Head and Neck Cancer Risk—Current State of Art

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Marta Szukalska ◽  
Krzysztof Szyfter ◽  
Ewa Florek ◽  
Juan P. Rodrigo ◽  
Alessandra Rinaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Upper Respiratory

E-cigarettes have become increasingly popular in the last decade and are considered less harmful than traditional tobacco products due to the lower content of toxic and carcinogenic compounds. However, this is still a controversial issue. This paper contains a review of previous reports on the composition of e-cigarettes and their impact on the pathogenesis and risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). The objective of the review was to compare the molecular and health effects of e-cigarette use in relation to the effects of traditional cigarette smoking in the upper respiratory tract, and to assess the safety and effect of e-cigarettes on HNC risk. A review for English language articles published until 31 August 2020 was made, using a PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL Plus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science data. The authors reviewed articles on both toxic and carcinogenic compounds contained in e-cigarettes and their molecular and health effects on the upper respiratory tract in comparison to tobacco cigarettes. The risk of developing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains lower in users of e-cigarettes compared with tobacco smokers. However, more long-term studies are needed to better address the safety of e-cigarettes.

scholarly journals Salivary DNA Methylation as an Epigenetic Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancer. Part I: A Diagnostic Accuracy Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Óscar Rapado-González ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Reglero ◽  
Ángel Salgado-Barreira ◽  
Laura Muinelo-Romay ◽  
Juan Muinelo-Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Cochrane Library

DNA hypermethylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for gene expression inactivation in head and neck cancer (HNC). Saliva has emerged as a novel liquid biopsy representing a potential source of biomarkers. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of salivary DNA methylation for detecting HNC. PubMed EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Study quality was assessed by the Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy-2, and sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (dOR), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a bivariate random-effect meta-analysis model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity. Eighty-four study units from 18 articles with 8368 subjects were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of salivary DNA methylation were 0.39 and 0.87, respectively, while PLR and NLR were 3.68 and 0.63, respectively. The overall area under the curve (AUC) was 0.81 and the dOR was 8.34. The combination of methylated genes showed higher diagnostic accuracy (AUC, 0.92 and dOR, 36.97) than individual gene analysis (AUC, 0.77 and dOR, 6.02). These findings provide evidence regarding the potential clinical application of salivary DNA methylation for HNC diagnosis.

scholarly journals Manejo perioperatorio de niños con infección respiratoria superior

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Norma Constanza Corrales-Zúñiga ◽  
Nelly Patricia Martínez-Muñoz ◽  
Sara Isabel Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
Carlos Eberth Pacichana-Agudelo ◽  
Leandro Guillermo Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Introducción. Es frecuente que muchos niños sometidos a procedimientos con anestesia general tengan historia de infección viral respiratoria superior reciente o activa.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión narrativa acerca de las pautas de manejo anestésico para los niños con infección reciente o activa de la vía aérea superior.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura en las bases de datos ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Trip Database, SciELO y Cochrane Library con los términos Anesthesia AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Laryngospasm OR Bronchospasm. La búsqueda se hizo en inglés con sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. Se encontraron 56 artículos con información relevante para el desarrollo de la presente revisión.Conclusiones. Una menor manipulación de la vía aérea tiende a disminuir la frecuencia de aparición y severidad de eventos adversos respiratorios perioperatorios. No existe evidencia suficiente para recomendar la optimización medicamentosa en pacientes con infección respiratoria superior.

Impact of Time to Diagnosis and Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrieke W. Schutte ◽  
Floris Heutink ◽  
David J. Wellenstein ◽  
Guido B. van den Broek ◽  
Frank J. A. van den Hoogen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Time To Diagnosis

Objective An increased interval between symptomatic disease and treatment may negatively influence oncologic and/or functional outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC). This systematic review aims to provide insight into the effects of time to treatment intervals on oncologic and functional outcomes in oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer. Data Sources PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were searched. Review Methods All studies on delay or time to diagnosis or treatment in oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer were included. Quality assessment was performed with an adjusted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Outcomes of interest were tumor volume, stage, recurrence, survival, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), toxicity, and functionality after treatment. Results A total of 51 studies were included. Current literature on the influence of delay in HNC is inconsistent but indicates higher stage and worse survival with longer delay. The effects on PROMs, toxicity, and functional outcome after treatment have not been investigated. The inconsistencies in outcomes were most likely caused by factors such as heterogeneity in study design, differences in the definitions of delay, bias of results, and incomplete adjustment for confounding factors in the included studies. Conclusion Irrespective of the level of evidence, the unfavorable effects of delay on oncologic, functional, and psychosocial outcomes are undisputed. Timely treatment while maintaining high-quality diagnostic procedures and decision making reflects good clinical practice in our opinion. This review will pose practical and logistic challenges that will have to be overcome.

Treatment: head and neck

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Johnson ◽  
Jon Dallimore ◽  
Alistair R. M. Cobb ◽  
Paul Cooper ◽  
Daniel S. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Minor Injuries

Anatomy - Facial injuries - Minor injuries to head and neck - Fractured facial bones - Head injury - Blackouts, syncope, and epilepsy - Migraine - Sleep disturbances - The eye - Ear problems - Nasal problems - Upper respiratory tract

scholarly journals Dental extraction, intensity-modulated radiotherapy of head and neck cancer, and osteoradionecrosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Balermpas ◽  
Janita E. van Timmeren ◽  
David J. Knierim ◽  
Matthias Guckenberger ◽  
Ilja F. Ciernik
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
Sample Proportion ◽  
Risk Ratios

Abstract Objective To seek evidence for osteoradionecrosis (ORN) after dental extractions before or after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from 2000 until 2020. Articles on HNC patients treated with IMRT and dental extractions were analyzed by two independent reviewers. The risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR) for ORN related to extractions were calculated using Fisher’s exact test. A one-sample proportion test was used to assess the proportion of pre- versus post-IMRT extractions. Forest plots were used for the pooled RR and OR using a random-effects model. Results Seven of 630 publications with 875 patients were eligible. A total of 437 (49.9%) patients were treated with extractions before and 92 (10.5%) after IMRT. 28 (3.2%) suffered from ORN after IMRT. ORN was associated with extractions in 15 (53.6%) patients, eight related to extractions prior to and seven cases related to extractions after IMRT. The risk and odds for ORN favored pre-IMRT extractions (RR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.74, p = 0.031, I2 = 0%, OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03–0.99, p = 0.049, I2 = 0%). However, the prediction interval of the expected range of 95% of true effects included 1 for RR and OR. Conclusion Tooth extraction before IMRT is more common than after IMRT, but dental extractions before compared to extractions after IMRT have not been proven to reduce the incidence of ORN. Extractions of teeth before IMRT have to be balanced with any potential delay in initiating cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Adjunctive Analgesics in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Curative (Chemo-) Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Lefebvre ◽  
Laura Tack ◽  
Michelle Lycke ◽  
Fréderic Duprez ◽  
Laurence Goethals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pain Outcome ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective Our aim was to give an overview of the effectiveness of adjunctive analgesics in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients receiving (chemo-) radiotherapy. Design Systematic review. Interventions This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies concerning “head neck cancer,” “adjunctive analgesics,” “pain,” and “radiotherapy.” Outcome Measures Pain outcome, adverse events, and toxicity and other reported outcomes, for example, mucositis, quality of life, depression, etc. Results Nine studies were included in our synthesis. Most studies were of low quality and had a high risk of bias on several domains of the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Only two studies comprised high-quality randomized controlled trials in which pregabalin and a doxepin rinse showed their effectiveness for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pain from oral mucositis, respectively, in HNC patients receiving (chemo-) radiotherapy. Conclusions More high-quality trials are necessary to provide clear evidence on the effectiveness of adjunctive analgesics in the treatment of HNC (chemo-) radiation-induced pain.

The Association between Metformin and Survival of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 7 Retrospective Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3161-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbo Wang ◽  
Tao Fu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Guifang Yang ◽  
Chuanhua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

Background: Metformin has been associated with improved survival outcomes in various malignancies. However, observational studies in head and neck cancer are inconsistent. Objective: The study aimed to summarize and quantify the relationship between metformin use and the survival of head and neck cancer. Methods: A meta-analysis based on cohort studies was systematically conducted (published up to Jan 18, 2020), identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Summary hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Seven retrospective cohort studies including 3,285 head and neck cancer patients were included. The association between the use of metformin and cancer survival was not statistically significant: summarized HR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.66-1.18, P=0.413, I2=64.0%) for overall survival, summarized HR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.31-1.35, P=0.246, I2=60.3%) for disease-free survival, and summarized HR of 0.69 (95% CI 0.40-1.20, P=0.191, I2=73.1%) for disease-specific survival. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of 7 retrospective cohort studies, there was not a statistically significant association between the use of metformin and better survival for head and neck cancer. However, the analysis may have been underpowered. More studies of prospective designs with larger sample sizes are needed to investigate the effect of metformin on the survival of head and neck cancer.

Complications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Gibson ◽  
Barry L. Wenig ◽  
James L. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been shown to benefit patients with resectable carcinoma of the head and neck. In order to determine whether patients with existing tumor or postresection anatomic changes of the upper respiratory tract can undergo this procedure with an acceptably low complication rate, 349 patients with attempted PEG were studied. The PEG procedure was successful in 114 of 122 carcinoma patients, as compared to 220 of 227 patients in a control group (patients with neurologic disease). Intraoperative complications preventing PEG placement included pharyngeal or esophageal obstruction, inadequate transillumination of the abdominal wall, and respiratory distress and occurred in 7% of carcinoma patients and 3% of controls. The incidence of airway obstruction during endoscopy was equal between groups (1%). Postoperative complications related to the gastrostomy tube were more frequent in the nonhead and neck cancer group (14% versus 5%). Younger age, fewer concomitant medical problems, and better nutritional status may account for this difference. These findings suggest that preoperative, postoperative, and unresectable head and neck cancer patients are appropriate candidates for PEG, and postgastrostomy performance appears superior to that in other patient populations.

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