Vitamin D Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Case-Control and Prospective Cohort Studies

Obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, high red meat consumption and alcohol, and tobacco are considered the driving factors behind colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide. Both diet and lifestyle are recognized to play an important role in the prevention of CRC. Forty years later, the vitamin D–cancer hypothesis is considered consistent. However, the relationship between low vitamin D intake and CRC is still controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the associations between Vitamin D intake and CRC. MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched up to May 2020 for studies evaluating the association between vitamin D intake (from foods and supplements) and CRC. Two reviewers, working independently, screened all titles and abstracts to identify the studies that met the inclusion criteria (case-control or prospective cohort (PC) studies published in English). Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using a random or fixed effect model. Heterogeneity was identified using the Cochran Q-test and quantified by the I2 statistic. A total of 31 original studies were included for the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising a total 47.540 cases and 70.567 controls in case-control studies, and a total of 14.676 CRC-incident cases (out of 808.130 subjects in PC studies) from 17 countries. A significant 25% lower risk was reported comparing the highest vs. the lowest dietary vitamin D consumption and CRC risk (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.75 (0.67; 0.85)) in case-control studies, whereas a non-significant association was reported in case of prospective studies (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.94 (0.79; 1.11). The present meta-analysis demonstrates that high dietary vitamin D is associated to CRC prevention. However, larger and high-quality prospective studies and clinical trials are warranted to confirm this association.

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Dietary Vitamin D, Vitamin D Metabolism-Related Gene Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Chinese Case-Control Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa044_064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 365-365

Author(s):

Cai-Xia Zhang

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Related Gene ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

Dietary Vitamin D

Abstract Objectives Vitamin D has anticarcinogenic properties. Vitamin D metabolism-related gene polymorphisms can influence vitamin D levels and its impact on carcinogenesis. This study aimed to explore the independent and combined effects of dietary vitamin D and vitamin D metabolism-related gene polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Methods Incident cases with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer, and sex and age-matched controls were recruited in this ongoing case-control study. Of them, 488 cases and 496 controls were both successfully interviewed and collected blood samples. Vitamin D intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Genotyping was performed for CYP2R1 rs10741657, CYP2R1 rs12794714, CYP24A1 rs6013897, CYP24A1 rs6068816, CYP27B1 rs4646536 and GC rs7041 by using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting for various confounders. Results Higher intake of dietary vitamin D was associated with 47% reduction in colorectal cancer with OR of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.82) for the highest quartile (vs. lowest quartile) intake. Compared with persons with CYP24A1 rs6068816 CC genotype, lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed among carriers of TT genotype (OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.36, 0.89). No significant association was found between CYP2R1 rs10741657, CYP2R1 rs12794714, CYP24A1 rs6013897, CYP27B1 rs4646536, GC rs7041 and colorectal cancer risk. No significant interaction was observed between dietary vitamin D intake and six examined single nucleotide polymorphisms on the risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusions Our study supports a protective effect of high intake of dietary vitamin D on colorectal cancer. CYP24A1 rs6068816 TT genotype was significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. No interaction was observed between dietary vitamin D intake and six examined single nucleotide polymorphisms in a Chinese population. Funding Sources Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No: 2019A1515011931).

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Association Between Vitamin D and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.35.7566 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (28) ◽

pp. 3775-3782 ◽

Cited By ~ 239

Author(s):

Yanlei Ma ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Feng Wang ◽

Jianjun Yang ◽

Zhihua Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Rectal Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Purpose To conduct a systematic review of prospective studies assessing the association of vitamin D intake or blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the risk of colorectal cancer using meta-analysis. Methods Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases before October 2010 with no restrictions. We included prospective studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% CIs for the association between vitamin D intake or blood 25(OH)D levels and the risk of colorectal, colon, or rectal cancer. Approximately 1,000,000 participants from several countries were included in this analysis. Results Nine studies on vitamin D intake and nine studies on blood 25(OH)D levels were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest categories of vitamin D intake and blood 25(OH)D levels were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.96) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.80), respectively. There was no heterogeneity among studies of vitamin D intake (P = .19) or among studies of blood 25(OH)D levels (P = .96). A 10 ng/mL increment in blood 25(OH)D level conferred an RR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.89). Conclusion Vitamin D intake and blood 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in this meta-analysis.

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The role of calcium and vitamin D dietary intake on risk of colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-021-01512-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Francisco Lopez-Caleya ◽

Luis Ortega-Valín ◽

Tania Fernández-Villa ◽

Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez ◽

Vicente Martín-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies

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Global Perspective of the Vitamin D Status of African-Caribbean Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-021-00980-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca M. Vearing ◽

Kathryn H. Hart ◽

Andrea L. Darling ◽

Yasmine Probst ◽

Aminat S. Olayinka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

African Caribbean ◽

Dietary Vitamin D ◽

Caribbean Populations

Abstract Background/Objectives Vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, particularly in minority ethnic groups. This review investigates the vitamin D status (as measured by 25(OH)D and dietary intake) of the African-Caribbean population globally. Subjects/Methods A systematic review was conducted by searching key databases (PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus) from inception until October 2019. Search terms included ‘Vitamin D status’ and ‘African-Caribbean’. A random effects and fixed effects meta-analysis was performed by combining means and standard error of the mean. Result The search yielded 19 papers that included n = 5670 African-Caribbean participants from six countries. A meta-analysis found this population to have sufficient (>50 nmol/L) 25(OH)D levels at 67.8 nmol/L, 95% CI (57.9, 7.6) but poor dietary intake of vitamin D at only 3.0 µg/day, 95% CI (1.67,4.31). For those living at low latitudes ‘insufficient’ (as defined by study authors) 25(OH)D levels were found only in participants with type 2 diabetes and in those undergoing haemodialysis. Suboptimal dietary vitamin D intake (according to the UK recommended nutrient intake of 10 µg/day) was reported in all studies at high latitudes. Studies at lower latitudes, with lower recommended dietary intakes (Caribbean recommended dietary intake: 2.5 µg/day) found ‘sufficient’ intake in two out of three studies. Conclusions 25(OH)D sufficiency was found in African-Caribbean populations at lower latitudes. However, at higher latitudes, 25(OH)D deficiency and low dietary vitamin D intake was prevalent.

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