scholarly journals Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Mechanisms Controlling Cirrhosis Development

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5045
Author(s):  
Paula Sánchez Sánchez ◽  
MarÃa del Mar Rigual ◽  
Nabil Djouder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Regenerative Nodules ◽  
The Relationship

Because the liver is considered to be one of the most important metabolic organs in the body, it is continuously exposed to damaging environmental agents. Upon damage, several complex cellular and molecular mechanisms in charge of liver recovery and regeneration are activated to prevent the failure of the organ. When liver injury becomes chronic, the regenerative response goes awry and impairs the liver function, consequently leading to cirrhosis, a liver disorder that can cause patient death. Cirrhosis has a disrupted liver architecture and zonation, along with the presence of fibrosis and parenchymal nodules, known as regenerative nodules (RNs). Inflammatory cues contribute to the cirrhotic process in response to chronic damaging agents. Cirrhosis can progress to HCC, the most common and one of the most lethal liver cancers with unmet medical needs. Considering the essential role of inflammatory pathways in the development of cirrhosis, further understanding of the relationship between immune cells and the activation of RNs and fibrosis would guide the design of innovative therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the survival of cirrhotic and HCC patients. In this review, we will summarize the inflammatory mechanisms implicated in the development of cirrhosis.

Living with Barren Truths: A Tale of Triumphalism and Tribulations of a Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.

The impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine on mitophagy in disease models

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Yu ◽  
Ting-Ting Shi ◽  
Yan-Qin Li ◽  
Jian-Kang Mu ◽  
Ya-Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

: Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and cell homeostasis through the degradation of damaged, aged, and dysfunctional mitochondria and misfolded proteins. Many human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, are related to disorders of mitochondrial phagocytosis. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy is of great significance for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the related diseases. Herein, we summarize the major mechanisms of mitophagy, the relationship of mitophagy with human diseases, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitophagy. These discussions enhance our knowledge of mitophagy and its potential therapeutic targets using TCM.

scholarly journals THIOZOLIDINEDIONES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH EXTENSIVE PSORIASIS AND CONCOMITANT ALIMENTARY OBESITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Ya.O. Yemchenko ◽  
K.Ye. Ishcheikin ◽  
I.P. Kaidashev
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Single View ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Alimentary Obesity ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic recurrent systemic autoimmune multifactorial diseases, affected the skin, joints, internal organs and systems of the body. Despite the significant prevalence of psoriasis and a large number of studies devoted this problem there is still no single view on the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. To clear up the pathogenesis of psoriasis, it seems to be reasonable to focus on the common comorbidities or multimorbidities, which may occur in the course of psoriasis, as this issue is still insufficiently studied. Recent reports have proven the evidences of indisputable link between psoriasis and obesity. The scientific literature extensively covers the issues of identical pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammatory processes in psoriasis and obesity. Given the current data on the role of systemic inflammation underlying the development of both psoriasis and obesity, the study of molecular mechanisms of its development and in particularly the role of proinflammatory nuclear transcription factors, thiazolidinediones have been found out as pathogenetically justified medicine of choice for the therapy of these diseases. In this study, we determined the effectiveness of using 30 mg of pioglitazone daily for 6 months in the course of treatment for patients with extensive psoriasis vulgaris of moderate severity, who were also diagnosed as having concomitant grade І-ІІ alimentary obesity that was supported by clinical and immunological findings evidenced of systemic inflammation. Analyzing the results obtained, we have found out the prolonged therapy with pioglitazone leads to a decrease in systemic inflammation and contributes to a milder recurrent course of psoriasis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dramatic Text and Performance with the Centrality of the Body with a Look at Anne Bogart’s Rendition of The Persians

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Samin Gheitasy ◽  
Leila Montazeri ◽  
Simin Dolatkhah
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Physical Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Anne Bogart ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sociological View

The dramatic text defines, to some extent, the structure of the work but the type of performance and the physical approach to the text can represent different meanings. The body of the actor, as a means of conveying concepts from the text to the audience, can be effective in creating different interpretations and meanings of the text. Since eons ago, directors have used the body of the actor with different approaches, and the application of body on the stage has always been underdoing changes. Anne Bogart is one of the few directors who is less known in the Iranian theater despite possessing the most updated and well-known methods of practice and performance in the world. Using her viewpoint method, she brings live and dynamic bodies to the stage; bodies that are able to convey the hidden meanings of the text to the audience in the most suitable way. The overall purpose of this research is to find the relationship between the dramatic text and the performance with the centrality of the body with a sociological view toward the body. To this end, by presenting Foucault's theories, the researchers defines the role of the body in the society and its extent of effectivity and impressibility. Finally, this study explores the implications of this role in each element of Aeschylus’s The Persians, and it shall show how Bogart beautifully represents them using the bodies of her actors during performance.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of control of differentiation of regulatory t-lymphocytes by exogenous melatonin

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
N. S. Glebezdina ◽  
A. A. Olina ◽  
I. V. Nekrasova ◽  
E. M. Kuklina
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Regulatory T Lymphocytes ◽  
Treg Differentiation

We investigated the role of epiphyseal hormone melatonin in the differentiation of naive CD4+T cells into regulatory T cells (Treg). The hormone at physiological and pharmacological concentrations inhibited Treg differentiation, decreasing both the proportion of CD4+FOXP3+ cells in the culture and the level of TGF‑β, the key cytokine for this T cell subpopulation. The inhibitory effect of exogenous melatonin was due to its interaction with the membrane receptors MT1 and MT2. At the same time, the signals realized through RORa — the nuclear receptor for melatonin — stimulated Treg formation; however, they were considerably weaker than the signals from the membrane receptors and were overlapped by the latter. Since the Treg subpopulation plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in the body, the revealed effects of melatonin should be taken into account in its therapeutic use.

Regulation of TRPV5 and TRPV6 by associated proteins

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. F1295-F1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan F. J. van de Graaf ◽  
Joost G. J. Hoenderop ◽  
René J. M. Bindels
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Trp Channel ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Blood Compartment ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Prime Target

The epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 are the most Ca2+-selective members of the TRP channel superfamily. These channels are the prime target for hormonal control of the active Ca2+ flux from the urine space or intestinal lumen to the blood compartment. Insight into their regulation is, therefore, pivotal in our understanding of the (patho)physiology of Ca2+ homeostasis. The recent elucidation of TRPV5/6-associated proteins has provided new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these channels. In this review, we describe the various means of TRPV5/6 regulation, the role of channel-associated proteins herein, and the relationship between both processes.

Nourish the soul or damage the body? Belief in the connection between Christian moral failure and diminished health

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Steven L Foy ◽  
Collin W Mueller
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religion And Health ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Moral Failure ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars have increasingly noted mechanisms by which religion may be detrimental to one’s health, but few have explored how individuals understand linkages between religious involvement and adverse health. Using data gathered from telephone interviews with Protestants and Catholics in North Carolina and South Carolina, we explore how individuals understand the role of religious moral failure in shaping health consequences. When asked to discuss the relationship between religion and health, 23 respondents described experiences or beliefs regarding how failing to meet the expectations of their religion corresponded with a range of reduced mental and physical health outcomes. Findings underscore the need for additional research on the role of religious involvement and life course experiences in shaping expectations that health declines result from moral failure.

From Analytical Аnthropology to Generative Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Nina Sosna
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Active Researcher ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
External Position ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Generative Anthropology ◽  
Affective Interaction ◽  
Radical Interaction

This article discusses the role of the technical in V.A. Podoroga's project of studying the literature worlds as archives of human experience. On the level of content, among many other components of these worlds he distinguished working and non-working machines, “gizmos” and various optical devices, including the mechanic eye, camera, mounting, etc. Formally, the action of these machines can be assessed as alienation, though in the context of modern media studies and exploration of the perspectives of anthropology, they can also be described as a problematic contact zone between the human and non-human, with a bias towards breaking the already historically disrupted bodily-affective interaction with the “outside”. Studies of Andrei Platonov's show the most radical interaction with the technical, in this case causing dissimilation of the human. However, even for this “inhuman” material, Podoroga chooses a form of human-measured approximation and distancing, which allows defending the position of an active researcher, observer, anthropologist. His efforts produce a kind of reconstruction, which at a certain time distance reveals the “seams”, “folds”, “cuts”, “plexuses”, “gaps” that formed at once the experience of the body and experience of writing. This is how the components of literature worlds are extracted, and from them “a picture of the universe can be deduced”. Although an external position to technics is considered to be the only guarantee of the human, even if it is strange, symptomatic, seizure-like, a different understanding of the technical is possible. Without claiming that a “machine” can assemble components in the absence of the observer's (reader's) comprehension ability, it seems nevertheless possible to relate the technical to more general principles: the methods of dispersion and gathering that form the form, the principles of intervalization and binding the heterogeneous, and most importantly, the principle of generating conditions for detecting an event. Then it will be necessary to clarify the relationship between techne and literature in the broader sense of poiesis, in the process of which elements can be formed from the indivisible “compressed”.

Examining the Role of Green Transformational Leadership on Promoting Green Organizational Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-224
Author(s):  
Chipo Mukonza ◽  
Ilze Swarts
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectual Stimulation ◽  
Idealized Influence ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Inspirational Motivation ◽  
Website Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of green transformational leadership on promoting green organizational behavior. Green transformational leadership has been found to be influencing green organizational behavior. The study uses content analysis and website analysis. Nedbank is used in the chapter as an archetype of an organization with a green transformational leadership which has influenced green organizational behavior. Four characteristics of green transformational leadership namely idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration were used. The leadership engages its customer and rewards them for green behavior which is important for intellectual stimulation and motivating their employees. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on green transformational behavior by confirming the relationship. The chapter recommends that more trainings and educational awareness on green values be provided to the management so that ultimately this are emulated and practiced by their employees.

Physiotherapy and Human Relations

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Somatic Disorder ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper on psycho-somatic disorders, Winnicott begins by acknowledging the vastness of the subject. Psycho-somatic disorder merges into the universal problem of the healthy interaction between the psyche and the soma—that is, between the personality of an individual and the body in which the person lives. The relationship between body and mind, role of early development and stages of emotional development are also discussed.

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