scholarly journals Development of (γ-Al2O3-Zeolite Y)/α-Al2O3-HPCM Catalyst based on Highly Porous α-Al2O3-HPCM Support for Decreasing Oil Viscosity

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Alexey Kirgizov ◽  
Gulnaz Valieva ◽  
Artem Laskin ◽  
Il’dar Il’yasov ◽  
Alexander Lamberov
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Porous Support ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Secondary Layer ◽  
Acid Centers ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Granular Catalyst

Highly porous cellular material (α-Al2O3-HPCM) support was synthesized by the template method. Highly porous support was used for the synthesis of the catalyst. A thin secondary layer with 25–30 μ thick γ-Al2O3 and zeolite Y was applied on the α-Al2O3-HPCM surface ((γ-Al2O3 (85%)-zeolite Y (15%))/α-Al2O3-HPCM). The catalyst based on the highly porous support was tested in a process of decreasing oil viscosity. The catalyst in the form of cylindrical granules and a thermal process of decreasing oil viscosity without the catalyst were used as the basis for comparison. α-Al2O3-HPCM in the catalyst provides low-quantity pores (d < 10 nm) and a quantity of general acid centers compared with the granular catalyst. On the other hand, it shows a more significant oil viscosity decrease (from 2500 to 41 cPs) and a low rate of gas generation (137 mL/h) for the catalyst with highly porous support. A high oil fraction was observed in the presence of the (γ-Al2O3-zeolite Y)/α-Al2O3-HPCM compared to the granular catalyst. The presence of large transport cells (pores) 1500–2000 μ for the catalyst based on highly porous support allowed a work period four times longer than that of experiment only with temperature without catalysts.

The Pilot, Elke, Blakeney, Narwhal, Harbour and Feugh fields, Blocks 21/27, 21/28, 28/2 and 28/3, UK North Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Brown ◽  
Peter H. Wood ◽  
Maurice L. F. Bamford ◽  
Jon G. Gluyas
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
The West ◽  
Steam Flood ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe, as yet undeveloped, heavy-oil fields of the Western Platform contain about 500 MMbbl of oil in place. The fields are reservoired in highly porous and permeable, Middle Eocene, deep-water sandstones of the Tay Sandstone Member, deposited as turbidite flows from a shelf immediately to the west.Oil gravity varies from 19° API in the Harbour Field to 12° API in the northern end of the Pilot Field. The reservoirs are shallow: Pilot and Harbour are at about 2700 ft TVDSS, with the Narwhal, Elke, Blakeney and Feugh discoveries being deeper at about 3300 ft TVDSS. Overall, oil viscosity decreases and API oil gravity increases with depth.To date, the high oil viscosity has precluded development of these discoveries, and many previous operators have considered various development schemes, all based on water flood.The development of the Pilot Field is being planned using either a hot-water-flood, steam-flood or polymer-flood approach, which all have the potential of achieving a very high recovery factor of 35–55%. Steam has been evaluated in most detail and about 240 MMbbl could be recovered should all of these discoveries be steam flooded.

scholarly journals Highly porous α-Al2O3 ceramics obtained by sintering atomic layer deposited inverse opals

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 11260-11264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaline P. Furlan ◽  
Robert M. Pasquarelli ◽  
Tobias Krekeler ◽  
Martin Ritter ◽  
Robert Zierold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Inverse Opals ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
Highly Porous

Numerical Simulation of a Kinetic Cell for in-situ Combustion. A Parametric Study and History Matching Aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos G. Aguilar-Madera ◽  
L. Molina-Espinosa ◽  
F. Velasco-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Newton’S Method ◽  
Newton's Method ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Petroleum Reservoir ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
In Situ Combustion ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Matching Techniques

Abstract The in-situ combustion method is an enhanced oil recovery technique based on the injection of air in petroleum reservoirs with the aim to burn a portion of hydrocarbons. This reduces the oil viscosity improving substantially the oil mobility. Simultaneously other phenomena take place as: distillation, segregation, oil upgrading, among others. In this work, a mathematical model to simulate oil combustion for kinetic cell experiments is presented. The model includes four-phases, nine components and four chemical reactions: coke formation, heavy oil fraction combustion, light oil fraction combustion and coke combustion. This formulation is commonly used to simulate in-situ combustion projects at combustion tubes- and petroleum reservoir-scales. The mass and energy balances were formulated leading to one set of highly coupled ordinary differential equations, which was numerically solved. The predictive model capabilities were tested by comparison with lab data, and it was found that CO and CO2 productions, oxygen uptake and cell temperature evolution agree well with experimental results. At one preliminary stage, the parameters fitting experimental results were inferred by individual manipulation until the best results were found. These parameters were perturbed in order to identify those parameters dominating the global dynamic of process. We found that energy activations and the mass density of oil components are the dominant parameters. We suggest that history matching processes must be focused over these parameters, and for this end, the implementation of advanced computational routines to solve multivariable inverse problems is recommended. In this work, we developed two automatic history matching techniques: one process based on Newton’s method and the second one based on evolutionary algorithms. The Newton’s method showed problems to find the minimum error, meanwhile the evolutionary algorithm was able to optimize the dominant parameters, but at the expense of slow convergence.

Density functional embedded cluster calculations on Lewis acid centers of the α-Al2O3(0001) surface: Adsorption of a CO probe

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Nasluzov ◽  
Vladimir V. Rivanenkov ◽  
Alexey M. Shor ◽  
Konstantin M. Neyman ◽  
Uwe Birkenheuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
Cluster Calculations ◽  
Co Probe ◽  
Acid Centers ◽  
Α Al2o3

A facile route to enhance the water flux of a thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane: incorporating thickness-controlled graphene oxide into a highly porous support layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (44) ◽  
pp. 22053-22060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoo Lee ◽  
Jun Hee Jang ◽  
Hee-Ro Chae ◽  
Sang H. Lee ◽  
Chung-Hak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Single Layer Graphene ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Porous Support ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
Highly Porous

Incorporation of single-layer graphene oxide into a highly porous support layer provides a thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane with superior water flux.

scholarly journals Natural Clays of the Kazakhstan Deposits for Catalysts of Cracking

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
N.A. Zakarina ◽  
L.D. Volkova ◽  
O.V. Chshukina
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Composite Catalysts ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fixed Catalyst ◽  
Natural Clays ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

Presented paper is devoted to the construction of cracking catalysts based on H-form zeolite Y, modifying by heteropolyacids of 12 row decationzed forms of natural clays of Tagan and Narynkol deposits. Conditions of acid activation were compared for Tagan clay. Chemical composition of clays before and after activation was detected by optical emission spectral method; phase composition was detected with X-ray<br />diffraction. It has been shown that activities of composite catalysts are related to the concentration and sequence of HPA adding. From the results the conclusion was drawn that amount of adding HPA influenced the activity and thermal stability of catalysts prepared on the base of Tagan and Narynkol clays deposits. The synthesized catalysts were studied in a laboratory microimpulse catalytic set by the model reaction of isopropylbenzene cracking at temperature 350-500 °C. The optimum compositions of zeolite containing contacts served as the base of creation of cracking catalysts for real raw (kerosene-gas-oil fraction) into quartz reactor with a fixed catalyst bed. These prepared catalysts have demonstrated enhanced thermal<br />stability and high activity. Stronger cracking activity of catalysts prepared on the base of Narynkol clay has been shown.

What catalysis needs from the electron microscopist

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Alexis T. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Porous Support

Heterogeneous catalysts, used in industry for the production of fuels and chemicals, are microporous solids characterized by a high internal surface area. The catalyticly active sites may occur at the surface of the bulk solid or of small crystallites deposited on a porous support. An example of the former case would be a zeolite, and of the latter, a supported metal catalyst. Since the activity and selectivity of a catalyst are known to be a function of surface composition and structure, it is highly desirable to characterize catalyst surfaces with atomic scale resolution. Where the active phase is dispersed on a support, it is also important to know the dispersion of the deposited phase, as well as its structural and compositional uniformity, the latter characteristics being particularly important in the case of multicomponent catalysts. Knowledge of the pore size and shape is also important, since these can influence the transport of reactants and products through a catalyst and the dynamics of catalyst deactivation.

Use of fractals to describe microstructures of porous thick-film platinum electrodes

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Steven D. Toteda
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Impedance Response ◽  
Platinum Particles ◽  
Energy Surfaces ◽  
Highly Porous

Zirconia oxygen sensors, in such applications as power plants and automobiles, generally utilize platinum electrodes for the catalytic reaction of dissociating O2 at the surface. The microstructure of the platinum electrode defines the resulting electrical response. The electrode must be porous enough to allow the oxygen to reach the zirconia surface while still remaining electrically continuous. At low sintering temperatures, the platinum is highly porous and fine grained. The platinum particles sinter together as the firing temperatures are increased. As the sintering temperatures are raised even further, the surface of the platinum begins to facet with lower energy surfaces. These microstructural changes can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, but the goal of the work is to characterize the microstructure by its fractal dimension and then relate the fractal dimension to the electrical response. The sensors were fabricated from zirconia powder stabilized in the cubic phase with 8 mol% percent yttria. Each substrate was sintered for 14 hours at 1200°C. The resulting zirconia pellets, 13mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness, were roughly 97 to 98 percent of theoretical density. The Engelhard #6082 platinum paste was applied to the zirconia disks after they were mechanically polished ( diamond). The electrodes were then sintered at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1000°C. Each sensor was tested to determine the impedance response from 1Hz to 5,000Hz. These frequencies correspond to the electrode at the test temperature of 600°C.

Surface roughness measurements of vanadium-contaminated fluidized cracking catalysts by atomic force microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
H. Kinney ◽  
M.L. Occelli ◽  
S.A.C. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Microporous Structure ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Roughness Measurements ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

For this study we have used a contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) to study to topography of fluidized cracking catalysts (FCC), before and after contamination with 5% vanadium. We selected the AFM because of its ability to well characterize the surface roughness of materials down to the atomic level. It is believed that the cracking in the FCCs occurs mainly on the catalysts top 10-15 μm suggesting that the surface corrugation could play a key role in the FCCs microactivity properties. To test this hypothesis, we chose vanadium as a contaminate because this metal is capable of irreversibly destroying the FCC crystallinity as well as it microporous structure. In addition, we wanted to examine the extent to which steaming affects the vanadium contaminated FCC. Using the AFM, we measured the surface roughness of FCCs, before and after contamination and after steaming.We obtained our FCC (GRZ-1) from Davison. The FCC is generated so that it contains and estimated 35% rare earth exchaged zeolite Y, 50% kaolin and 15% binder.

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