scholarly journals Biocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Puetz ◽  
Eva Puchľová ◽  
Kvetoslava Vranková ◽  
Frank Hollmann
Keyword(s):  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Enantioselective Oxidation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols ◽  
Enzymatic Methods

Enzymatic methods for the oxidation of alcohols are critically reviewed. Dehydrogenases and oxidases are the most prominent biocatalysts, enabling the selective oxidation of primary alcohols into aldehydes or acids. In the case of secondary alcohols, region and/or enantioselective oxidation is possible. In this contribution, we outline the current state-of-the-art and discuss current limitations and promising solutions.

Revisiting Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) for the Oxidation of Alcohols in Acetonitrile without Nitroxyl Radicals

Synlett ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 2404-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunehisa Hirashita ◽  
Yuto Sugihara ◽  
Shota Ishikawa ◽  
Yohei Naito ◽  
Yuta Matsukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Nitroxyl Radicals ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols

Sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) is capable of oxidizing alcohols in acetonitrile at 20 °C without the use of catalysts. The oxidation is selective to allylic, benzylic, and secondary alcohols. ­Aliphatic primary alcohols are not oxidized.

Efficient and selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds at room temperature by a ruthenium complex catalyst and hydrogen peroxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (48) ◽  
pp. 19415-19421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Xiang Wang ◽  
Xian-Tai Zhou ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
Xiao-Xuan Guo ◽  
Xiao-Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Complex Catalyst ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols

An efficient system comprising a ruthenium complex and hydrogen peroxide was developed for the oxidation of various primary and secondary alcohols at room temperature.

Chemoselective Electrochemical Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols using a Recyclable Chloride-Based Mediator

Synlett ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Sommer ◽  
Oliver Kappe ◽  
David Cantillo
Keyword(s):  
Nitroxyl Radical ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Unsolved Issue

Selective anodic oxidation of alcohols in the presence of other functional groups can be accomplished using nitroxyl radical mediators. However, the electrochemical chemoselective oxidation of secondary alcohols in the presence of primary alcohols is an unsolved issue. Herein, we report an electrochemical procedure for the selective oxidation of secondary alcohols using an inexpensive chloride salt that acts as redox mediator and supporting electrolyte. The method is based on the controlled anodic generation of active chlorine species, which selectively oxidize secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones when primary hydroxyl groups are present. The method has been demonstrated for a variety of substrates. The corresponding ketones were obtained in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the chloride salt can be easily recovered and reutilized by a simple extraction procedure, rendering the method highly sustainable

scholarly journals A green and sustainable phosphine-free NHC-ruthenium catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids in water

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (39) ◽  
pp. 17409-17414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Malineni ◽  
Helmut Keul ◽  
Martin Möller
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Ruthenium Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols ◽  
Atom Source

An efficient novel protocol is applied for direct synthesis of carboxylic acids from primary alcohols through catalytic dehydrogenation. This reaction occurs in water as the solvent and as the oxygen-atom source and no toxic oxidizing agent is involved.

An excellent eco-friendly Selective alcohols oxidation by an Acid functionalized imidazolium based ionic liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickam Deepa ◽  
Selvarasu Uthayanila ◽  
Ramasamy Shanmuga Priya ◽  
Gopalsamy Selvaraj Ganesh ◽  
Parasuraman Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Green Route ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols

Aims: A green route for the oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in room temperature ionic liquid ([CEMIM]BH4) was developed by using hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen source. In aqueous solution at room temperature, 0.2 mol% of ([CEMIM]BH4) showed excellent catalytic properties for selective oxidation of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols Background: One of the vital reactions in organic synthesis is the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds. In particular, the conversion of primary alcohols to aldehydes has received a variety of applications as they are used as intermediates in fine chemicals mostly for the perfume industry. Objective: In the present work, we have reported an effective green route for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the carbonyl compounds using peroxide in an ionic liquid 1-carboxyethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrahydroborate ([CEMIM]BH4) Methods:: A mixture of alcohol (2 mmol), ([CEMIM]BH4) (0.2 mol%), H2O2 (2 mmol) were stirred thoroughly with the help of a magnetic stirrer for 10 min at ambient temperature Results: The catalytic activity of ([CEMIM]BH4) is very effective, which reflects its good solvating nature during the oxidation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the series of experiments described represents a useful method for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds at room temperature. The catalyst can be easily prepared and is therefore extremely cost-effective. The rapid reaction times for the substrates mean a large number of materials may be screened in parallel over a short period of time.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Umbral Calculus

10.37236/24 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Bucchianico ◽  
D. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mathematical Literature

We survey the mathematical literature on umbral calculus (otherwise known as the calculus of finite differences) from its roots in the 19th century (and earlier) as a set of “magic rules” for lowering and raising indices, through its rebirth in the 1970’s as Rota’s school set it on a firm logical foundation using operator methods, to the current state of the art with numerous generalizations and applications. The survey itself is complemented by a fairly complete bibliography (over 500 references) which we expect to update regularly.

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