scholarly journals Biocatalytic Transformation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan by a Newly Isolated Fusarium striatum Strain

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Alberto Millán ◽  
Núria Sala ◽  
Mercè Torres ◽  
Ramon Canela-Garayoa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
The Media ◽  
Substrate Feeding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reaction Media

The compound 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF) is a high-value chemical block that can be synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a platform chemical that results from the dehydration of biomass-derived carbohydrates. In this work, the HMF biotransformation capability of different Fusarium species was evaluated, and F. striatum was selected to produce DHMF. The effects of the inoculum size, glucose concentration and pH of the media over DHMF production were evaluated by a 23 factorial design. A substrate feeding approach was found suitable to overcome the toxicity effect of HMF towards the cells when added at high concentrations (>75 mM). The process was successfully scaled-up at bioreactor scale (1.3 L working volume) with excellent DHMF production yields (95%) and selectivity (98%). DHMF was purified from the reaction media with high recovery and purity by organic solvent extraction with ethyl acetate.

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Transformation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-Di(hydroxymethyl)furan by a Newly Isolated Fusarium striatum Strain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Millán ◽  
Núria Sala ◽  
Mercè Torres ◽  
Ramon Canela-Garayoa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
The Media ◽  
Substrate Feeding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reaction Media

2,5-Di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF) is a high-value chemical block than can be synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a platform chemical that results from the dehydration of biomass-derived carbohydrates. In this work, the HMF biotransformation capability of different Fusarium species was evaluated and F. striatum was selected to produce DHMF. The effects of the inoculum size, glucose concentration and pH of the media over DHMF production were evalu-ated by a 23 factorial design. A substrate feeding approach was found suitable to overcome the toxicity effect of HMF towards the cells when added at high concentrations (>75 mM). The pro-cess was successfully scaled-up at bioreactor scale (1.3 L) with excellent DHMF production yields (95%) and selectivities (98%). DHMF was purified from the reaction media with high recovery and purity by organic solvent extraction with ethyl acetate.

Lignin peroxidase: Optimization of media for higher productivity by single factor optimization method

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Shruti Shukla ◽  
Anjali Padhiar
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
The Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Lignin peroxidase belongs to ligninolytic enzyme group and is one of the industrial important enzymes as it has wide applications in different sectors. Lignin peroxidase is produced by submerged fermentation process which requires optimization of physical and chemical parameters to achieve higher activity and make the process cost effective. The present study aimed at the optimization of physical as well chemical parameters of production medium. The optimization includes physical parameter such as incubation time, inoculum size, temperature, pH, RPM (Rotation per minute) while chemical parameters include carbon source, nitrogen source and different mineral elements. Form the optimization study, it was observed that highest lignin peroxidase production was achieved after 72 hours of incubation at temperature 300C, pH 6 and RPM 120. Optimization of chemical parameters reveals that incorporation of sodium nitrite (9g/L) in the media gave significant increase in enzyme activity. It was found that the maximum productivity achieved after optimization was 2214 U/ml which was four times higher than process without optimized parameters.

Effects of lactate and glutamine on palmitate metabolism in rat kindey cortex

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Barac-Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Palmitate Oxidation ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Rat Renal Cortical Slices ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cortical Slices ◽  
Palmitate Metabolism ◽  
Low Rate

Rat renal cortical slices were incubated with [1-(14)C]palmitate bound to 2.5% albumin. The following effects were found: a)1 mM palmitate utilization or oxidation to CO(2) varied according to the concentration of lactate in the media, it increased at 0.8 and 3.2 mM, was unchanged at 8 mM, and decreased at 16 mM. Esterification was stimulated at 3.2 mM lactate. b) Addition of glutamine (0.1 mM) instead of lactate stimulated incomplete and complete oxidation of palmitate (1 mM), whereas high medium glutamine (10 mM) inhibited palmitate (1 mM) utilization, esterification, and oxidation to CO(2) but increased its incomplete oxidation. The low rate of exogenous palmitate oxidation observed in this study and the finding that exogenous palmitate oxidation is only partially inhibited at very high concentrations of exogenous lactate or glutamine are consistent with the view that these exogenous substrates contribute little to the oxidative metabolism of rat renal cortex in vitro, which probably depends on the supply of substrates endogenous to the tissue.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Deoxidation Agents for Ozonated Broths Used in Anaerobic Biotechnological Processes

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pawlikowska ◽  
Jaroslaw Domanski ◽  
Piotr Dziugan ◽  
Joanna Berlowska ◽  
Weronika Cieciura-Wloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Residual Oxygen ◽  
The Media ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Concentrations

Anaerobic fermentation of organic compounds is used in many biotechnological processes and has been the subject of much research. A variety of process conditions and different growth media can be used to obtain microbial metabolites. The media must be free from contamination before fermentation. Sterilization is most often achieved by applying heat or other treatments, such as ozonation. Sterilization of liquid media using ozone can be very beneficial, but this method introduces high concentrations of residual oxygen, which inhibit anaerobic processes. Deoxidation is therefore necessary to remove the oxygen from ozonated broths. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three deoxidation agents for two kinds of fermentation media based on malt or molasses: ultrasound, iron(II) sulfate, and Metschnikowia sp. yeast. The time needed for deoxidation varied, depending on the kind of broth and the deoxidation agent. In general, the dynamics of oxygen removal were faster in malt broth. A comparative analysis showed that yeast biomass was the most effective agent, achieving deoxidation in the shortest time. Moreover, the fully deoxidated broth was supplemented with yeast biomass, which is rich in biogenic substrates, expressed as a protein content of 0.13–0.73 g/L. Application of Metschnikowia sp. may therefore be considered as an effective strategy for simultaneous deoxidation and nutrient supplementation of broths used in anaerobic biotechnological processes.

scholarly journals Effects of Kifunensine on Production and N-glycosylation Modification of Butyrylcholinesterase in a Transgenic Rice Cell Culture Bioreactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantharakorn Macharoen ◽  
Qiongyu Li ◽  
Veronica A. Márquez-Escobar ◽  
Jasmine M. Corbin ◽  
Carlito B. Lebrilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Rice Cell Suspension Culture ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Media ◽  
Human Butyrylcholinesterase

The production and N-glycosylation of recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a model highly glycosylated therapeutic protein, in a transgenic rice cell suspension culture treated with kifunensine, a strong α-mannosidase I inhibitor, was studied in a 5 L bioreactor. A media exchange was performed at day 7 of cultivation by removing spent sugar rich media (NB+S) and adding fresh sugar free (NB-S) media to induce the rice α-amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter to produce rice recombinant human BChE (rrBChE). Using a 1.25X concentrated sugar-free medium together with an 80% reduced working volume during the media exchange lead to a total active rrBChE production level of 79 ± 2 µg (g FW)-1 or 7.5 ± 0.4 mg L-1 in the presence of kifunensine, which is 1.5-times higher than our previous bioreactor runs using normal sugar free medium with no kifunensine treatment. Importantly, the amount of secreted active rrBChE in culture medium was enhanced in the presence of kifunensine, comprising 44% of the total active rrBChE at day 5 post-induction. Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE gel and Western blot analyses reveal different electrophoretic migration of purified rrBChE bands with and without kifunensine treatment, which is attributed to different N-glycoforms. N-Glycosylation analysis shows substantial increase of oligomannose glycans (Man5/6/7/8) in rrBChE treated with kifunensine compared to controls. However, mass transfer limitation of kifunensine is likely the major reason for incomplete inhibition of α-mannosidase I in this bioreactor study.

scholarly journals Effect of aluminium toxicity on the development of poplar (Populus tremula L. x P. alba L.) cultured in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Bojarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Concentrations

Adventitious bud cultures were established using vegetative buds from selected clones of poplar (<em>Populus tremula</em> L. x <em>P</em>. <em>alba</em> L.) as initial explants. For multiplication of shoots a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) was used. Aluminium salts (aluminium sulphate and aluminium chloride) were added to the media. It was found that the pH of the medium had no effect on the development of cultures at low concentrations of nutrients (1/2 or 1/4 MS). Low concentrations of aluminium (Al 25mg•dm<sup>-3</sup> supplied as aluminium sulphate, Al 15 mg•dm<sup>-3</sup> as aluminium chloride) had no inhibitory effect on shoot development but decreased regeneration of adventitious roots. High concentrations of aluminium inhibited the development of shoots and roots, especially in a medium at pH 4.5. Microcuttings rooted in the highest percentage and formed the strongest rooting system on 1/4 strength MS medium at pH 4.5. It was found that there was no difference between the rooting of shoots excised from cultures cultivated with or without A1 in this medium at pH 5.5.

Accumulation and Release of Geosmin during the Growth Phases of Anabaena circinalis (Kutz.) Rabenhorst

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Rosen ◽  
B. W. MacLeod ◽  
M. R. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Anabaena Circinalis

Anabaena circinalis (Kutz.) Rabenhorst was isolated during a taste and odor episode characterized by high concentrations of geosmin, with raw water containing up to 45 ng geosmin/L. This species has been successfully cultured with sustained geosmin synthesis on both sterile river water and defined medium. Gas chromatography of cellular extracts and closed-loop stripping of growth media indicated that this organism produces geosmin and not 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). With cultures we examined the changes in cell-associated geosmin, chlorophyll and released geosmin during exponential and stationary growth phases of Anabaena. Cell-associated geosmin samples were collected daily from cultures and filtered onto a polycarbonate filter, extracted in acetone, and quantified by capillary gas Chromatograph using flame ionization detection. Media-associated geosmin was quantified from algae-free filtrates from each culture concentrated by closed-loop stripping and analyzed as above. Cell-associated geosmin averaged at 8 × 10−6 ng geosmin/cell in the exponential phase and dropped to 2.5 × 10−6 ng geosmin/cell in the stationary phase of growth. The loss in cell-associated geosmin was accompanied by an increase in geosmin released into the media. Media-associated geosmin reached 12 ng/mL in the stationary phase. Apparently cell lysis in the stationary phase caused the release of cell-associated geosmin into the media. Cell-associated geosmin was closely correlated with filament number (average r2 from 4 experiments =0.96) during the exponential growth phase and was correlated with chlorophyll a (average r2 from 3 experiments =0.95).

Resistance of Moderately Thermophilic Acidophilic Microorganisms to Ferric Iron Ions

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
Aleksander Bulaev
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Ferrous Iron Oxidation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Concentrations

Resistance of microorganisms predominating in biohydrometallurgical processes including bacteria of the genus Sulfobaсillus and archaea of the genus Acidiplasma to ferric iron ions was studied. Capabilities of the strains for growth and ferrous iron oxidation in the media containing high concentrations of ferric iron ions (of 250 to 1000 mM) were evaluated. Ferric iron ions significantly inhibited oxidative activity and growth of the studied microorganisms. It was revealed that bacteria of the genus Sulfobacillus were not able to oxidize ferrous iron actively when ferric iron concentration exceeded 500 mM, whereas archaea of the genus Acidiplasma completely oxidized ferrous iron in the medium containing 1000 mM of Fe3+. Growth of the microorganisms was inhibited by relatively low concentrations of ferric iron. Microorganisms did not grow in the medium containing more than 750 mM of Fe3+ and cells of all studied strains lysed in presence of high concentrations of ferric iron. It was shown, that archaea of the genus Acidiplasma of the family Ferroplasmaceae were more resistant to high concentrations of ferric iron than bacteria of the genus Sulfobacillus. The results obtained are important for understanding of the regularities of the formation of microbial communities performing technological processes.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Investigational Triazoles against Fusarium Species: Effects of Inoculum Size and Incubation Time on Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Test Results

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 3298-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki I. Paphitou ◽  
Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner ◽  
Victor L. Paetznick ◽  
Jose R. Rodriguez ◽  
Enuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT We studied the effects of inoculum size and incubation time on the susceptibility testing results for various antifungal agents against 22 Fusarium isolates by the NCCLS microdilution method. Increased inoculum size and extended incubation time resulted in elevated MICs. Posaconazole and voriconazole exhibited promising antifungal activities.

scholarly journals Salt-Mediated Organic Solvent Precipitation for Enhanced Recovery of Peptides Generated by Pepsin Digestion

Proteomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Venus Baghalabadi ◽  
Habib Razmi ◽  
Alan Doucette
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Sequence Coverage ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Pellet Fraction ◽  
Hydrophobic Peptides ◽  
Salt Ions ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Digestion Step ◽  
Protein Sequence Coverage

Conventional solvent-based precipitation makes it challenging to obtain a high recovery of low mass peptides. However, we previously demonstrated that the inclusion of salt ions, specifically ZnSO4, together with high concentrations of acetone, maximizes the recovery of peptides generated from trypsin digestion. We herein generalized this protocol to the rapid (5 min) precipitation of pepsin-digested peptides recovered from acidic matrices. The precipitation protocol extended to other organic solvents (acetonitrile), with high recovery from dilute peptide samples permitting preconcentration and purification. Mass spectrometry profiling of pepsin-generated peptides demonstrated that the protocol captured peptides as small as 800 u, although with a preferential bias towards recovering larger and more hydrophobic peptides. The precipitation protocol was applied to rapidly quench, concentrate, and purify pepsin-digested samples ahead of MS. Complex mixtures of yeast and plasma proteome extracts were successfully precipitated following digestion, with over 95% of MS-identified peptides observed in the pellet fraction. The full precipitation workflow—including the digestion step—can be completed in under 10 min, with direct MS analysis of the recovered peptide pellets showing exceptional protein sequence coverage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document