scholarly journals Developing a High-Temperature Solvent-Free System for Efficient Biocatalysis of Octyl Ferulate

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ping-Yu Wu ◽  
Jiann-Hwa Chen ◽  
Chia-Hung Kuo ◽  
Chwen-Jen Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Fitting Ability ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Molar Conversion

Ferulic acid esters have been suggested as a group of natural chemicals that have the function of sunscreen. The study aimed to utilize an environmentally-friendly enzymatic method through the esterification of ferulic acid with octanol, producing octyl ferulate. The Box-Behnken experimental design for response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to determine the synthesis effects of variables, including enzyme amount (1000–2000 propyl laurate units (PLU)), reaction temperature (70–90 °C), and stir speed (50–150 rpm) on the molar conversion of octyl ferulate. According to the joint test, both the enzyme amount and reaction temperature had great impacts on the molar conversion. An RSM-developed second-order polynomial equation further showed a data-fitting ability. Using ridge max analysis, the optimal parameters of the biocatalyzed reaction were: 72 h reaction time, 92.2 °C reaction temperature, 1831 PLU enzyme amount, and 92.4 rpm stir speed, respectively. Finally, the molar conversion of octyl ferulate under optimum conditions was verified to be 93.2 ± 1.5%. In conclusion, it has been suggested that a high yield of octyl ferulate should be synthesized under elevated temperature conditions with a commercial immobilized lipase. Our findings could broaden the utilization of the lipase and provide a biocatalytic approach, instead of the chemical method, for ferulic acid ester synthesis.

scholarly journals Developing a High-Temperature Solvent-Free System for Efficient Biosynthesis of Octyl Ferulate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ping-Yu Wu ◽  
Jiann-Hwa Chen ◽  
Chia-Hung Kuo ◽  
Chwen-Jen Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Free System ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Molar Conversion

Ferulic acid esters have been suggested as a group of natural chemicals with sunscreen function. The study aimed to utilize an environment-friendly enzymatic method to produce octyl ferulate by esterification of ferulic acid with octanol. The Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to evaluate the effects of synthesis variables, including reaction temperature (70–90 °C), enzyme amount (1000–2000 PLU) and stir speed (50–150 rpm), on the molar conversion of octyl ferulate. According to the joint test, both the reaction temperature and enzyme amount had great impacts on the molar conversion. RSM-developed second-order polynomial equation further showed great ability on data-fitting. Based on ridge max analysis, the optimum parameters for the biocatalyzed reaction were: 72 h reaction time, 92.2 °C reaction temperature, 1831 PLU enzyme amount and 92.4 rpm stir speed, respectively. Finally, the molar conversion of octyl ferulate under optimum condition was verified to be 93.2 ± 1.5%. In conclusion, high yield of octyl ferulate synthesized by commercial immobilized lipase under elevated temperature conditions has been suggested, which our findings could broaden the utilization of the lipase and provide a biocatalytic approach, instead of the chemical method, for ferulic acid ester synthesis.

scholarly journals Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of flavour esters in solvent free system

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Kamar Muhamad ◽  
Salina Mat Radzi ◽  
Siti Salhah Othman ◽  
Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman ◽  
Hanina Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Flavour Esters

The effects of important reaction parameters for enhancing flavour esters formation through lipase-catalyzed reaction were investigated in this study.Various commercial immobilized lipases were used to catalyze the esterification reaction between short-chain fatty acids and alcohols to produce flavour esters which are nonyl caprylate and ethyl valerate which differ in chain length of esters. These synthetic flavour esters with fruity notes are widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The effect of various reaction parameters was optimized to obtain a high yield of flavour esters. A maximum percentage for nonyl caprylate with conversion of flavour esters more than 90 % in a solvent-free system was successfully obtained under the following conditions: reaction time (RT), 5 hours; reaction temperature, 40 °C; amount of immobilized lipase, 25 % w/w of total substrate and shaking speed 200 rpm. Compared to ethyl valerate, a maximum percentage conversion of flavour ester more than 80 % in solvent free system was successfully obtained under following conditions: reaction time (RT), 45 minutes; reaction temperature, 40 °C; amount of immobilized lipase, 15 % w/w of total substrate and shaking speed 200 rpm. Comparison between these two ester showed that the chain length give an effect to optimize the reaction condition in esterification reaction.

Synthesis and component confirmation of biodiesel from palm oil and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by immobilized-lipase in solvent-free system

Fuel ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 3960-3965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shuzhen Sun ◽  
Zhong Xin ◽  
Boyang Sheng ◽  
Qun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System

scholarly journals Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), A NEW HOPE! A sustainable and promising process for the plasticisers industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Acciaretti ◽  
Andrea Pasquale
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Free System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Solvent Free System

AbstractPlasticisers are commonly incorporated in plastic materials in order to improve their physico-chemicals properties. In particular, Poly-(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a polymer which has excellent plasticiser compatibility characteristics. The demand for plasticized-PVC is steadily increasing and its synthesis need to be more sustainable, considering the interest in developing a circular economy in the next years. In order to achieve these goals, a bio-based process to synthesize di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), a widely used plasticiser, could be an interesting approach. The most important starting material for the process is adipic acid, but its synthesis from petrochemical sources is not sustainable. An alternative is using waste materials as substrates for fermentation in a totally green process. Among many strategies, the reverse adipate degradation pathway (RADP) in E. coli seems to be the most interesting one, considering the highest titer of 68 g/L and the yield of 93.1%. The next step is the enzyme-catalysed esterification of adipic acid and 2-ethylhexanol to produce DEHA, using an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica. Applying a solvent-free system under vacuum condition is convenient as it guarantees a conversion to DEHA of 100 mol%.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Using Nonedible Castor Oil by Immobilized Lipase fromBacillus aerius

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Narwal ◽  
Nitin Kumar Saun ◽  
Priyanka Dogra ◽  
Ghanshyam Chauhan ◽  
Reena Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free System ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimized Conditions

A novel thermotolerant lipase fromBacillus aeriuswas immobilized on inexpensive silica gel matrix. The immobilized lipase was used for the synthesis of biodiesel using castor oil as a substrate in a solvent free system at 55°C under shaking in a chemical reactor. Several crucial parameters affecting biodiesel yield such as incubation time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of lipase were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the highest biodiesel yield was up to 78.13%. The characterization of synthesized biodiesel was done through FTIR spectroscopy,1H NMR spectra, and gas chromatography.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Esterification as Potential Strategy to Enhance the Sorbic Acid Behavior as Food and Beverage Preservative

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Federico Zappaterra ◽  
Daniela Summa ◽  
Bruno Semeraro ◽  
Raissa Buzzi ◽  
Claudio Trapella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Enzymatic Esterification ◽  
Free System ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Acid Derivate

Sorbic acid is the most commonly used preservative in the food industry. The antimicrobial inhibition of sorbic acid could be influenced by its lipophilic nature, which reduces its use in hydrophilic food formulations. Reactions between sorbic acid and glycerol catalyzed by lipases were studied in order to develop a novel sorbic acid derivate with a promising hydrophilic profile. The esterification reaction between sorbic acid and glycerol in a solvent-free system were performed with an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The glycerol sorbate product has been tested against S. griseus bacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Results indicate that the esterification of sorbic acid with glycerol does improve its antimicrobial properties against Saccharomyces cerevisie. The reported results demonstrate that esterification can be used as a strategy to improve the antimicrobial activity of sorbic acid.

Synthesis of Alumina Based Alkaline Catalyst for Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol to Polyglycerol

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Abrar Inayat ◽  
Sintayehu Mekuria Hailegiorgis ◽  
Aamir Hussain Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Free System ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
By Products ◽  
Biodiesel Industry

Biodiesel which comes from pure renewable resources provide an alternative fuel option for future. The rapid growth of the biodiesel industry will result in overproduction of less value glycerol and create a superfluity of this impure by-product. The synthesis of alkaline alumina catalyst for polyglycerol production via solvent free base-catalyzed etherification of low value glycerol is reported. The etherification of biodiesel derived glycerol to polyglycerol was studied in a heterogeneous catalysis under solvent free system, using alkalines over γ – alumina catalysts. All the catalysts were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation of an aqueous solution of alkaline compounds on γ – alumina as a support. The effects of alkaline compound, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, and reaction time in conversion of glycerol to polyglycerol were investigated. The catalyst with potassium loaded on γ -alumina gave the highest basicity and the best catalytic activity for this reaction. The highest glycerol conversion into polyglycerol production was obtained with high yield 79.5% over prepared catalyst respectively. Industrially, the findings attained in this study might contribute towards promoting the biodiesel industry through utilization of its by-products.

Comparative study of stirred and fluidized tank reactor for hydroxyl-kojic acid derivatives synthesis and their biological activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Firdaus B. Lajis ◽  
Muhajir Hamid ◽  
Syahida Ahmad ◽  
Arbakariya B. Ariff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free System ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Solvent Free System

AbstractBackground:Study on the synthesis of kojic acid derivatives (KADs) in solvent-free system using scalable reactors and their biological activities is still lacking.Methods:In this study, two types of KADs, were synthesized using saturated-fatty acid [lauric acid (LA)] and unsaturated-fatty acid [oleic acid (OA)] in stirred tank reactor (STR) and fluidized tank reactor (FTR). The yield and biological activities of the synthesized KADs were evaluated and compared.Results:The highest yield of KADs (42.95%) was obtained in the synthesis using OA, with molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme loading of 5% (w/v), temperature of 70°C, using immobilized lipase N435 in STR. However, FTR may provide biocatalyst protection and reusability with reduced loss of KADs yield up to three cycles. In antioxidant assay, the hydroxyl-unsaturated-fatty acid of kojic acid (HUFA-KA) showed better activity as compared to hydroxyl-saturated-fatty acid of kojic acid (HSFA-KA) at concentrations ranging from 125 to 2000 μg/mL. In contrast, HSFA-KA showed better cytotoxicity effect against G361 melanoma cell as compared to HUFA-KA.Conclusion:The yield of KADs obtained in STR was higher than that obtained in FTR. HUFA-KA could be used as potential lipophilic antioxidant while HSFA-KA has the potential to be used to treat melanoma skin disorder.

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