scholarly journals Role of Multifunctional Cytoskeletal Filaments in Coronaviridae Infections: Therapeutic Opportunities for COVID-19 in a Nutshell

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Victor Norris ◽  
Judit Ovádi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A novel coronavirus discovered in 2019 is a new strain of the Coronaviridae family (CoVs) that had not been previously identified in humans. It is known as SARS-CoV-2 for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, whilst COVID-19 is the name of the disease associated with the virus. SARS-CoV-2 emerged over one year ago and still haunts the human community throughout the world, causing both healthcare and socioeconomic problems. SARS-CoV-2 is spreading with many uncertainties about treatment and prevention: the data available are limited and there are few randomized controlled trial data on the efficacy of antiviral or immunomodulatory agents. SARS-CoV-2 and its mutants are considered as unique within the Coronaviridae family insofar as they spread rapidly and can have severe effects on health. Although the scientific world has been succeeding in developing vaccines and medicines to combat COVID-19, the appearance and the spread of new, more aggressive mutants are posing extra problems for treatment. Nevertheless, our understanding of pandemics is increasing significantly due to this outbreak and is leading to the development of many different pharmacological, immunological and other treatments. This Review focuses on a subset of COVID-19 research, primarily the cytoskeleton-related physiological and pathological processes in which coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are intimately involved. The discovery of the exact mechanisms of the subversion of host cells by SARS-CoV-2 is critical to the validation of specific drug targets and effective treatments.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e111101220323
Author(s):  
Rubens Barbosa Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Main Target ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory viral infection caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, it objected to comprehend the pathophysiology of COVID-19, as well as its clinical repercussions on hemodynamic alterations. This is an integrative literature review, such a method is able to select and include experimental and non-experimental studies, qualitative in nature, descriptive and exploratory in character. Initially, it started from the guiding question: "What hemodynamic dysfunctions can the positive COVID-19 patient develop?" The study was conducted by searching the database: PUBMED, using the descriptors: "coagulopathy" and "COVID-19", combined by the Boolean operator AND. As inclusion criteria, the filters of one-year version, full text, clinical trial, meta-analysis, and randomized controlled trial were chosen. Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are manifestations of COVID-19 and are designated as poor prognostic factors. The respiratory system is the main target of SARS-CoV-2, but other body systems may also be involved. Therefore, symptoms can range from respiratory distress to multiple organ failure. It is concluded that the presence of coagulopathy is a major source of mortality in COVID-19 positive patients. Also, coagulopathy is linked to the severity of the symptomatology of COVID-19, and that in more severe cases relatively increased levels of D-dimer, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen are present. In addition, no significant minimization in platelet levels was observed in severe cases of COVID-19.

Role of preoperative pregabalin in reducing inhalational anesthetic requirements in abdominal hysterectomy: randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrine A. El-Refai ◽  
Jehan H. Shehata ◽  
Ahmed Lotfy ◽  
Ahmed M. Elbadawy ◽  
Reham A. Abdel Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inhalational Anesthetic

scholarly journals An Effectiveness Trial of STEADI in an Outpatient, Primary Care Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 774-774
Author(s):  
David Rein ◽  
Madeleine Hackney ◽  
Michele Dougherty ◽  
Camille Vaughan ◽  
Laurie Imhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medication Review ◽  
Primary Care Practice ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Team ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The STEADI Options trial uses a randomized, controlled-trial design to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the STEADI Initiative . Beginning March, 2020, we will randomize 3,000 adults ≥ 65 years of age at risk for falls seen in an Emory Clinic primary care practice to: (1) full STEADI; (2) a STEADI-derived gait, balance, and strength assessment with physical therapy referrals; (3) a STEADI-derived medication review and management; or (4) usual care. This presentation will discuss decisions made by the study team to facilitate implementation of STEADI including electronically conducting screening prior to the date of encounter, the use of dedicated nursing staff to conduct assessments, implementation of strength, balance, orthostatic hypotension, and vision testing, methods to facilitate medication review, and communication of assessment information to providers. The results from this study will be used to estimate the impact of STEADI on falls, service utilization, and costs over one year.

scholarly journals Current FDA-Approved Therapies for High-Grade Malignant Gliomas

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Jacob P. Fisher ◽  
David C. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
One Year

The standard of care (SOC) for high-grade gliomas (HGG) is maximally safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for 6 weeks, then adjuvant TMZ for 6 months. Before this SOC was established, glioblastoma (GBM) patients typically lived for less than one year after diagnosis, and no adjuvant chemotherapy had demonstrated significant survival benefits compared with radiation alone. In 2005, the Stupp et al. randomized controlled trial (RCT) on newly diagnosed GBM patients concluded that RT plus TMZ compared to RT alone significantly improved overall survival (OS) (14.6 vs. 12.1 months) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months (PFS6) (53.9% vs. 36.4%). Outside of TMZ, there are four drugs and one device FDA-approved for the treatment of HGGs: lomustine, intravenous carmustine, carmustine wafer implants, bevacizumab (BVZ), and tumor treatment fields (TTFields). These treatments are now mainly used to treat recurrent HGGs and symptoms. TTFields is the only treatment that has been shown to improve OS (20.5 vs. 15.6 months) and PFS6 (56% vs. 37%) in comparison to the current SOC. TTFields is the newest addition to this list of FDA-approved treatments, but has not been universally accepted yet as part of SOC.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Emotion Dysregulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Recidivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The current study proposed to determine whether adolescent emotion regulation is predictive of the amount and type of crime committed by adolescent juvenile offenders. Despite evidence in the literature linking emotion regulation to behaviour problems and aggression across the lifespan, there is no prior longitudinal research examining the predictive role of emotion regulation on adolescent recidivism, nor data regarding how emotion regulation relates to the occurrence of specific types of crimes. Our primary hypothesis was that poor emotion regulation would positively and significantly predict re-offending among adolescents. We tested our hypothesis within a binary logistic framework utilizing the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data. Exploratory bivariate analyses were conducted regarding emotion regulation and type of crime in the service of future hypothesis generation. Though the findings did not indicate a statistically significant relation between emotion regulation and reoffending, exploratory findings suggest that some types of crime may be more linked to emotion regulation than others. In sum, the present study aimed to examine a hypothesized relation between emotion regulation and juvenile delinquency by identifying how the individual factor of dysregulated emotion regulation may have played a role. This study’s findings did not provide evidence that emotion regulation was a significant predictor of recidivism over time but did suggest that emotion regulation is related to participation in certain types of crime one year later. Directions for future research that build upon the current study were described. Indeed, identifying emotion regulation as a predictor of adolescent crime has the potential to enhance current crime prevention efforts and clinical treatments for juvenile offenders; this is based on the large amount of treatment literature, which documents that emotion regulation is malleable through treatment and prevention programming.

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