scholarly journals Perspectives in the Cell-Based Therapies of Various Aspects of the Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Pathologies: Lessons from the Animal Models

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2995
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Zawadzka ◽  
Anna Kwaśniewska ◽  
Krzysztof Miazga ◽  
Urszula Sławińska
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Many ◽  
Promising Perspective ◽  
Experimental Strategies

Traumatic injury of the spinal cord (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition often leading to severe dysfunctions, therefore an improvement in clinical treatment for SCI patients is urgently needed. The potential benefits of transplantation of various cell types into the injured spinal cord have been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials. Despite the many challenges that are still ahead, cell transplantation alone or in combination with other factors, such as artificial matrices, seems to be the most promising perspective. Here, we reviewed recent advances in cell-based experimental strategies supporting or restoring the function of the injured spinal cord with a particular focus on the regenerative mechanisms that could define their clinical translation.

scholarly journals Planet of the AAVs: The Spinal Cord Injury Episode

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Katerina Stepankova ◽  
Pavla Jendelova ◽  
Lucia Machova Urdzikova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Transgene Delivery

The spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medical and life-disrupting condition with devastating consequences for the physical, social, and professional welfare of patients, and there is no adequate treatment for it. At the same time, gene therapy has been studied as a promising approach for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering remedial genes to the central nervous system (CNS), of which the spinal cord is a part. For gene therapy, multiple vectors have been introduced, including integrating lentiviral vectors and non-integrating adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. AAV vectors are a promising system for transgene delivery into the CNS due to their safety profile as well as long-term gene expression. Gene therapy mediated by AAV vectors shows potential for treating SCI by delivering certain genetic information to specific cell types. This review has focused on a potential treatment of SCI by gene therapy using AAV vectors.

Ultrastructural scoring of graded acute spinal cord injury in the rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Kaptanoglu ◽  
Selcuk Palaoglu ◽  
H. Selcuk Surucu ◽  
Mutlu Hayran ◽  
Etem Beskonakli
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Contusion Injury ◽  
Weight Drop ◽  
Fine Print

Object. There is a need for an accurate quantitative histological technique that also provides information on neurons, axons, vascular endothelium, and subcellular organelles after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this paper the authors describe an objective, quantifiable technique for determining the severity of SCI. The usefulness of ultrastructural scoring of acute SCI was assessed in a rat model of contusion injury. Methods. Spinal cords underwent acute contusion injury by using varying weights to produce graded SCI. Adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups. In the first group control animals underwent laminectomy only, after which nontraumatized spinal cord samples were obtained 8 hours postsurgery. The weight-drop technique was used to produce 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-g/cm injuries. Spinal cord samples were also obtained in the different trauma groups 8 hours after injury. Behavioral assessment and ultrastructural evaluation were performed in all groups. When the intensity of the traumatic injury was increased, behavioral responses showed a decreasing trend. A similar significant negative correlation was observed between trauma-related intensity and ultrastructural scores. Conclusions. In the present study the authors characterize quantitative ultrastructural scoring of SCI in the acute, early postinjury period. Analysis of these results suggests that this method is useful in evaluating the degree of trauma and the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in neuroprotection studies.

Brain-Computer Interfaces for Control of Upper Extremity Neuroprostheses in Individuals with High Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
pp. 809-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Rupp ◽  
Martin Rohm ◽  
Matthias Schneiders
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Extremity Function ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Upper Extremity Function ◽  
The Many

For individuals with tetraplegia, restoring limited or missing grasping function is the highest priority. In patients with high Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and a lack of surgical options, restricted upper extremity function can be improved with the use of neuroprostheses based on Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). Grasp neuroprostheses with different degrees of complexity and invasiveness exist, although few models are available for routine clinical application. Hybrid systems combining FES with orthoses hold promise for restoring completely lost upper extremity function. Novel user interfaces integrating biosignals from several sources are needed to make full use of the many degrees of freedom of hybrid neuroprostheses. Motor Imagery (MI)-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are an emerging technology that may serve as a valuable adjunct to traditional control interfaces. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of the art of BCI-controlled upper-extremity neuroprostheses and describes the challenges and promises for the future.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Rictor in the injured spinal cord promotes functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 6984-6998
Author(s):  
Ningning Chen ◽  
Pengxiang Zhou ◽  
Xizhe Liu ◽  
Jiachun Li ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Acellularized spinal cord scaffolds incorporating bpV(pic)/PLGA microspheres promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 18677-18686
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Chengliang Yang ◽  
Zhipeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plga Microspheres ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) with a high rate of disability and a low capability of self-recovery.

scholarly journals B-RAFV600E Inhibitor Dabrafenib Attenuates RIPK3-Mediated Necroptosis and Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Sugaya ◽  
Haruo Kanno ◽  
Michiharu Matsuda ◽  
Kyoichi Handa ◽  
Satoshi Tateda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a key regulator of necroptosis and is involved in various pathologies of human diseases. We previously reported that RIPK3 expression is upregulated in various neural cells at the lesions and necroptosis contributed to secondary neural tissue damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the B-RAFV600E inhibitor dabrafenib has a function to selectively inhibit RIPK3 and prevents necroptosis in various disease models. In the present study, using a mouse model of thoracic spinal cord contusion injury, we demonstrate that dabrafenib administration in the acute phase significantly inhibites RIPK3-mediated necroptosis in the injured spinal cord. The administration of dabrafenib attenuated secondary neural tissue damage, such as demyelination, neuronal loss, and axonal damage, following SCI. Importantly, the neuroprotective effect of dabrafenib dramatically improved the recovery of locomotor and sensory functions after SCI. Furthermore, the electrophysiological assessment of the injured spinal cord objectively confirmed that the functional recovery was enhanced by dabrafenib. These findings suggest that the B-RAFV600E inhibitor dabrafenib attenuates RIPK3-mediated necroptosis to provide a neuroprotective effect and promotes functional recovery after SCI. The administration of dabrafenib may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating patients with SCI in the future.

Perceptions of Adjustment Issues Following a Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Alice Povolny ◽  
Steven P. Kaplan ◽  
Michelle Marme' ◽  
Gwen Roldan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Adjustment To Disability ◽  
Adjustment Issues

Research has identified several psychosocial adjustment issues which follow a traumatic injury. We studied two women with spinal cord injuries to determine how the injury had affected their life satisfaction, and to identify areas of adjustment requiring attention. Significant issues emerged concerning intimate relationships and dating, response to societal reactions to their appearance, vocational pursuits, spirituality, and locus of control. Suggestions for further research are presented, and implications for facilitating adjustment to disability are discussed.

Presence and significance of CD-95 (Fas/APO1) expression after spinal cord injury

2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Zurita ◽  
Jesús Vaquero ◽  
Isabel Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Positive Immunostaining ◽  
Fine Print

Object. A glycoprotein, CD95 (Fas/APO1) is widely considered to be implicated in the development of apoptosis in a number of tissues. Based on the hypothesis that apoptosis is related to cell death after spinal cord injury (SCI), the authors studied the presence and distribution of CD95 (Fas/APO1)-positive cells in injured spinal cord tissue for the purpose of determining the significance of this protein during the early phases of SCI. Methods. The presence and distribution of cells showing positive immunostaining for CD95 (Fas/APO1) were studied 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after induction of experimental SCI in rats. Studies were conducted using a monoclonal antibody to the CD95 (Fas/APO1) protein. Positivity for CD95 (Fas/APO1) was observed in apoptotic cells, mainly in the gray matter, 1 hour after trauma, and the number of immunostained cells increased for the first 8 hours, at which time the protein was expressed in both gray and white matter. From 24 to 72 hours postinjury, the number of immunostained cells decreased in the gray matter, but increased in the white matter. From then on, there were fewer CD95 (Fas/APO1)-positive cells, but some cells in the white matter still exhibited positive immunostaining 1 and 2 weeks after injury. At 4 weeks, there remained no CD95 (Fas/APO1)-positive cells in injured spinal cord. Conclusions. These findings indicate that CD95 (Fas/APO1) is expressed after SCI, suggesting a role for this protein in the development of apoptosis after trauma and the possibility of a new therapeutic approach to SCI based on blocking the CD95 (Fas/APO1) system.

scholarly journals Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean R. Wrathall ◽  
Judith M. Lytle
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord

Traumatic injury to the adult spinal cord results in a massive loss of cells and permanent functional deficits. However, recent studies demonstrate that there is a proliferative response of endogenous glial precursors and progenitors and perhaps also pluripotent neural stem cells. These cells may prove to be an important new therapeutic target to improve recovery after injury to the spinal cord and brain.

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