scholarly journals 3D-Organotypic Cultures to Unravel Molecular and Cellular Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis and Ichthyosis Vulgaris

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Leman ◽  
Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz ◽  
Stefan Blunder ◽  
Petra Pavel ◽  
Sandrine Dubrac
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Ichthyosis Vulgaris ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Complex Models

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dry and itchy skin evolving into disseminated skin lesions. AD is believed to result from a primary acquired or a genetically-induced epidermal barrier defect leading to immune hyper-responsiveness. Filaggrin (FLG) is a protein found in the cornified envelope of fully differentiated keratinocytes, referred to as corneocytes. Although FLG null mutations are strongly associated with AD, they are not sufficient to induce the disease. Moreover, most patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), a monogenetic skin disease characterized by FLG homozygous, heterozygous, or compound heterozygous null mutations, display non-inflamed dry and scaly skin. Thus, all causes of epidermal barrier impairment in AD have not yet been identified, including those leading to the Th2-predominant inflammation observed in AD. Three dimensional organotypic cultures have emerged as valuable tools in skin research, replacing animal experimentation in many cases and precluding the need for repeated patient biopsies. Here, we review the results on IV and AD obtained with epidermal or skin equivalents and consider these findings in the context of human in vivo data. Further research utilizing complex models including immune cells and cutaneous innervation will enable finer dissection of the pathogenesis of AD and deepen our knowledge of epidermal biology.

Epithelial Organotypic Cultures: A Viable Model to Address Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Epitheliotropic Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Termini ◽  
Enrique Boccardo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Skin Physiology

In vitro culture of primary or established cell lines is one of the leading techniques in many areas of basic biological research. The use of pure or highly enriched cultures of specific cell types obtained from different tissues and genetics backgrounds has greatly contributed to our current understanding of normal and pathological cellular processes. Cells in culture are easily propagated generating an almost endless source of material for experimentation. Besides, they can be manipulated to achieve gene silencing, gene overexpression and genome editing turning possible the dissection of specific gene functions and signaling pathways. However, monolayer and suspension cultures of cells do not reproduce the cell type diversity, cell-cell contacts, cell-matrix interactions and differentiation pathways typical of the three-dimensional environment of tissues and organs from where they were originated. Therefore, different experimental animal models have been developed and applied to address these and other complex issues in vivo. However, these systems are costly and time consuming. Most importantly the use of animals in scientific research poses moral and ethical concerns facing a steadily increasing opposition from different sectors of the society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative in vitro experimental models that accurately reproduce the events observed in vivo to reduce the use of animals. Organotypic cultures combine the flexibility of traditional culture systems with the possibility of culturing different cell types in a 3D environment that reproduces both the structure and the physiology of the parental organ. Here we present a summarized description of the use of epithelial organotypic for the study of skin physiology, human papillomavirus biology and associated tumorigenesis.

Traditional Herbal Medicines, Newer Herbs and Other Novel Approaches Integrated in Herbal Medicine for Atopic Dermatitis-A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mahendra Singh Ashawat
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a prolonged reverting skin ailment with characteristically distributed skin lesions. In the previous decades, researchers had shown a marked interest in AD due to its increased prevalence in developed countries. Although different strategies including biological and immune modulators are available for the treatment of AD, each has certain limitations. The researchers had shown considerable interest in the management of AD with herbal medicines. The establishment of herbal drugs for AD might eliminate local as well as systemic adverse effects associated with long term use of corticosteroids and also higher cost of therapy with biological drugs. The present review discusses the traditional East Asian herbal medicines and scientific data related to newer herbal extracts or compositions for the treatment of AD. In vivo animal models and in vitro cell cultures, investigated with herbal medicines to establish a possible role in AD treatment, have also been discussed in the paper. The paper also highlights the role of certain new approaches, i.e. pharmacopuncture, a combination of allopathic and herbal medicines; and novel carriers (liposomes, cubosomes) for herbal drugs on atopic skin. In conclusion, herbal medicines can be a better and safe, complementary and alternative treatment option for AD.

scholarly journals CURRENT CONCEPTS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Galina I. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Atopic Skin

There are presented modern data describing the current understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD): a genetic predisposition to atopy, disruptions of epidermal barrier integrity and a cascade of immune responses, contributing allergic inflammation in the skin. There are both described several mechanisms of acute and chronic phases of AD, the main directions of pathogenetically substantiated treatment of AD in children and indicated the prospects of new preparations specific blockers of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the development of AD - crisaborole, apremilast, dupilumab, lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, tezepelumab. There is especially presented in details external therapy of atopic skin lesions in children with the use of means of modern dermatological cosmetics.

scholarly journals Topical Herbal Application in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Animal Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghee Yun ◽  
Kyuseok Kim ◽  
Inhwa Choi ◽  
Seong-Gyu Ko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Th2 Cell ◽  
Unclear Risk

Herbs are widely used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Eastern Asian countries, and certain herbs regarded have anti-inflammatory properties that can help with AD. With the goal of developing a topical herbal agent for AD, we conducted a systematic review ofin vivostudies of AD-like skin models for screening potential herbs. Searches were conducted from PubMed and EMBASE. After all, 22 studies were included for this review. We judged most of the domains of all studies to be at unclear risk of bias. Among 22 included studies, 21 herbs have been reported to reduce AD-like skin lesions in mouse models by suppressing Th2 cell response. Our findings may offer potential herbs for the topical application treatment of AD.

scholarly journals EMOLLIENT MILK XEMOSE IN THERAPY OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
E T KINDEEVA ◽  
N G KOROTKII ◽  
A N PAMPURA
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Epidermal Barrier

Background. Structural and functional damages of the epidermal barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis promote the entry of allergens and development of Th2-type allergic inflammation. Moisturizers containing lipids increase the physiological antiinflammatory effects of topical corticosteroids (TGKS), improve the epidermal barrier and reduce the duration of TGKS using preventing further infringement barrier. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of emollient milk Xemose in children with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. We examined 27 children with atopic dermatitis. Children were divided into 2 groups: patients in group 1 (n=14) used emollient milk Xemose twice a day on the skin lesions and limbs in the complex therapy, patients in the 2nd group (n=13) received combined therapy incorporating traditional dampening agents on the basis of lanolin (Unna cream) 3 times daily. All patients underwent measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWl) (Tewameter TM 300, Multi Probe Adapter MPA 5/9, Courage + Khazaka) and the pH of the skin (Skin-pH-Meter, Multi Probe Adapter MPA 5/9, Courage + Khazaka) before and after 2 weeks of therapy. Results. Patients in groupthat used Xemose milk and children in group with Unna cream after 2 weeks showed a statistically significant decrease of TEWl (p=0,041 and p=0,04, respectively). TEWl was significantly lower in children treated for 2 weeks with milk Xemose (p=0,027) than in children treated with Unna cream. in both groups pH skin surface have not changed (р=0,22 and р=0,22 respectively). Conclusion. Clinical efficacy of milk Xemose as compound improving skin barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis was shown.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Rumex japonicus Houtt. on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Balb/c Mice and Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Yang ◽  
Hyunkyoung Lee ◽  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Il-Hwa Hong ◽  
Du Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Rumex Japonicus

Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJ) is traditionally used in folk medicines to treat patients suffering from skin disease in Korea and other parts of East Asia. However, the beneficial effect of RJ extract on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of RJ on AD in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with RJ inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated in HaCaT cells. The five-week-old Balb/c mice were used as an AD-like mouse model by treating them with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB). Topical administration of RJ to DNCB-treated mice significantly reduced clinical dermatitis severity, epidermal thickness, and decreased mast cell and eosinophil infiltration into skin and ear tissue. These results suggest that RJ inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions by regulating the skin inflammation responses in HaCaT cells and Balb/c mice. Thus, RJ may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.

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