scholarly journals From Tank to Treatment: Modeling Melanoma in Zebrafish

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tyler Frantz ◽  
Craig J Ceol
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cell ◽  
Single Tumor ◽  
New Strategies

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and one of few cancers with a growing incidence. A thorough understanding of its pathogenesis is fundamental to developing new strategies to combat mortality and morbidity. Zebrafish—due in large part to their tractable genetics, conserved pathways, and optical properties—have emerged as an excellent system to model melanoma. Zebrafish have been used to study melanoma from a single tumor initiating cell, through metastasis, remission, and finally into relapse. In this review, we examine seminal zebrafish studies that have advanced our understanding of melanoma.

New Strategies for the Fabrication of Enzyme Electrodes

1995 ◽  
Vol 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shridhara Alva ◽  
Lynne A. Samuelsont ◽  
Jayant Kumar ◽  
Kenneth A. Marx ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes ◽  
Electrochemical Copolymerization ◽  
Chemical Coupling ◽  
Bioanalytical Application ◽  
Glass Electrodes ◽  
Polymerization Conditions ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of o-dianisidine have been studied in both aqueous and organic solvents. This aryl diamine has been electrochemically polymerized on ITO coated glass electrodes and it was determined that the optical properties of these films are influenced by the polymerization conditions. The use of this polymer film as substrate for chemical coupling of biomaterials has been demonstrated with the light harvesting protein, phycoerythrin. Fabrication and bioanalytical application of enzyme electrodes by electrochemical copolymerization of odianisidine with the enzymes glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase, modified with odianisidineis described.

Porphyrazines: Designer Macrocycles by Peripheral Substituent Change

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Fuchter ◽  
Chang Zhong ◽  
Hong Zong ◽  
Brian M. Hoffman ◽  
Anthony G. M. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Direct Fusion ◽  
Molecular Unit

It is rare that such a diverse array of applications can be realized from a single basic molecular unit, however, such is the power of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle motif. Indeed, their potential in areas such as chemical dyes, optical sensors, optoelectronics, and biomedical agents is a function of their rich electronic and optical properties. While the naturally occurring porphyrins and the synthetic phthalocyanines have been extensively studied, the related tetraazaporphyrins or porphyrazines remain comparatively underdeveloped. Since porphyrazines maintain a unique position in this family: analogous derivatives are virtually inaccessible for the porphyrins, and direct fusion of heteroatomic substituents onto the porphyrazine β-positions results in a more pronounced effect compared with the substitution of an equivalent group onto the benzenoid rings of the phthalocyanine; a driving force exists to further explore the synthesis and applications of these novel macrocycles. This review will provide a historical overview of the synthetic strategies towards functionalized porphyrazines and describe new strategies towards the preparation and applications of heteroatom-appended porphyrazines, particularly in the context of their multimetallic complexes, catalysis, surface chemistry, and as biomedical agents.

scholarly journals Malaria Parasite Stress Tolerance Is Regulated by DNMT2-Mediated tRNA Cytosine Methylation

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Hammam ◽  
Ameya Sinha ◽  
Sebastian Baumgarten ◽  
Flore Nardella ◽  
Jiaqi Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
New Strategies

P. falciparum is the most virulent malaria parasite species, accounting for the majority of the disease mortality and morbidity. Understanding how this pathogen is able to adapt to different cellular and environmental stressors during its complex life cycle is crucial in order to develop new strategies to tackle the disease.

scholarly journals Evidences of +896 A/G TLR4 Polymorphism as an Indicative of Prevalence of Complications in T2DM Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Rita Balistreri ◽  
Anna Rita Bonfigli ◽  
Massimo Boemi ◽  
Fabiola Olivieri ◽  
Antonio Ceriello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
New Strategies

T2DM is today considered as world-wide health problem, with complications responsible of an enhanced mortality and morbidity. Thus, new strategies for its prevention and therapy are necessary. For this reason, the research interest has focused its attention on TLR4 and its polymorphisms, particularly the rs4986790. However, no conclusive findings have been reported until now about the role of this polymorphism in development of T2DM and its complications, even if a recent meta-analysis showed its T2DM association in Caucasians. In this study, we sought to evaluate the weight of rs4986790 polymorphism in the risk of the major T2DM complications, including 367 T2DM patients complicated for the 55.6%. Patients with A/A and A/G TLR4 genotypes showed significant differences in complication’s prevalence. In particular, AG carriers had higher risk prevalence for neuropathy (P=0.026), lower limb arteriopathy (P=0.013), and the major cardiovascular pathologies (P=0.017). Their cumulative risk was significant (P=0.01), with a threefold risk to develop neuropathy, lower limb arteriopathy, and major cardiovascular events in AG cases compared to AA cases. The adjusted OR for the confounding variables was 3.788 (95% CI: 1.642–8.741). Thus, the rs4986790 polymorphism may be an indicative of prevalence of complications in T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Skin Cancer Recognition by Using a Neuro-Fuzzy System

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. CIN.S5950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bareqa Salah ◽  
Mohammad Alshraideh ◽  
Rasha Beidas ◽  
Ferial Hayajneh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Neural Network System ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the light-skinned population and it is generally caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. Early detection of skin cancer has the potential to reduce mortality and morbidity. There are many diagnostic technologies and tests to diagnose skin cancer. However many of these tests are extremely complex and subjective and depend heavily on the experience of the clinician. To obviate these problems, image processing techniques, a neural network system (NN) and a fuzzy inference system were used in this study as promising modalities for detection of different types of skin cancer. The accuracy rate of the diagnosis of skin cancer by using the hierarchal neural network was 90.67% while using neuro-fuzzy system yielded a slightly higher rate of accuracy of 91.26% in diagnosis skin cancer type. The sensitivity of NN in diagnosing skin cancer was 95%, while the specificity was 88%. Skin cancer diagnosis by neuro-fuzzy system achieved sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 89%.

Electrospinning: New Strategies for the Treatment of Skin Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Mauricio Anaya Mancipe ◽  
Franz Acker Lobianco ◽  
Marcos Lopes Dias ◽  
Rossana Mara da Silva Moreira Thiré
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Population ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
New Strategies

: Recent studies have shown significant growth of skin cancer cases in northern regions of the world, in which its presence was not common. Skin cancer is one of the cancers that mostly affects the world population, ranking fifth in studies conducted in the United States (USA). Melanoma is cancer that has the highest number of deaths worldwide since it is the most resistant skin cancer to current treatments. This is why alternatives for its treatment have been investigated considering nanomedicine concepts. This study approaches the role of this field in the creation of promising electrospun devices, composed of nanoparticles and nanofibers, among other structures, capable of directing and/or loading active drugs and/or materials with the objective of inhibiting the growth of melanoma cells or even eliminating those cells.

In vivo determination of optical properties and fluorophore characteristics of non-melanoma skin cancer

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narasimhan Rajaram ◽  
Dianne Kovacic ◽  
Michael F. Migden ◽  
Jason S. Reichenberg ◽  
Tri H. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Design of objective lens for 200-kV high-resolution electron microscopes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
K. Tsuno ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
M. Naruse
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Stage 1

Developement of computer technology provides much improvements on electron microscopy, such as simulation of images, reconstruction of images and automatic controll of microscopes (auto-focussing and auto-correction of astigmatism) and design of electron microscope lenses by using a finite element method (FEM). In this investigation, procedures for simulating the optical properties of objective lenses of HREM and the characteristics of the new lens for HREM at 200 kV are described.The process for designing the objective lens is divided into three stages. Stage 1 is the process for estimating the optical properties of the lens. Firstly, calculation by FEM is made for simulating the axial magnetic field distributions Bzc of the lens. Secondly, electron ray trajectory is numerically calculated by using Bzc. And lastly, using Bzc and ray trajectory, spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs and Cc are numerically calculated. Above calculations are repeated by changing the shape of lens until! to find an optimum aberration coefficients.

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Differential polarization imaging of sickled cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Marcos F. Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Polarization Imaging ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Chiral Structures

Recently we have developed a form of polarization microscopy that forms images using optical properties that have previously been limited to macroscopic samples. This has given us a new window into the distribution of structure on a microscopic scale. We have coined the name differential polarization microscopy to identify the images obtained that are due to certain polarization dependent effects. Differential polarization microscopy has its origins in various spectroscopic techniques that have been used to study longer range structures in solution as well as solids. The differential scattering of circularly polarized light has been shown to be dependent on the long range chiral order, both theoretically and experimentally. The same theoretical approach was used to show that images due to differential scattering of circularly polarized light will give images dependent on chiral structures. With large helices (greater than the wavelength of light) the pitch and radius of the helix could be measured directly from these images.

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