scholarly journals Yeast Propagation Control: Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Alternative for Cell Counting Chambers in Brewery Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Georg Christoph Brunauer ◽  
Oliver Spadiut ◽  
Alfred Gruber ◽  
Christoph Slouka
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Cell Counts

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool in life science for cell and pathogen detection, as well as for cell counting. The measurement principles and techniques using impedance spectroscopy are highly diverse. Differences can be found in used frequency range (β or α regime), analyzed quantities, like charge transfer resistance, dielectric permittivity of double layer capacitance and in off- or online usage. In recent contributions, applications of low-frequency impedance spectroscopy in the α regime were tested for determination of cell counts and metabolic burden in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The established easy to use methods showed reasonable potential in the lab scale, especially for S. cerevisiae. However, until now, measurements for cell counts in food science are generally based on Thoma cell counting chambers. These microscopic cell counting methods decelerate an easy and quick prediction of yeast viability, as they are labor intensive and result in a time delayed response signal. In this contribution we tested our developed method using low frequency impedance spectroscopy locally at an industrial brewery propagation site and compared results to classic cell counting procedures.

scholarly journals A case report: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as an Al-ternative for cell counting chambers of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for brewery applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-031
Author(s):  
Brunauer Georg Christoph ◽  
Meindl Alina ◽  
Rotter Bernhard ◽  
Gruber Alfred ◽  
Slouka Christoph
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Counts

Advanced technologies, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), are a valuable tool which can enhance and simplify the industrial process monitoring if used correctly. State-of-the-art approaches for screening the cell growth of for example yeast during the brewing process still heavily rely on offline methods such as methylene blue or florescence dye-based staining, and/or the usage of flow cytometric measurements. These methods, while being accurate, are very time consuming and require heavy manual effort. Furthermore, the time span needed to obtain the counting result can lead to a time-delayed response signal and can impact the quality of the final product. In recent studies, applications of low-frequency EIS in the α-regime were used for the determination of cell counts and the metabolic state in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This method has proven to be a reliable tool which has also shown high potential in industrial scale applications. The online biomass monitoring, as well as viable cell count, for feasibility study was performed in-house at Stiegl Brewery in Salzburg/Austria founded in 1492.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Disaggregation Mechanism of Amyloid Beta Aggregate by 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-Piperazinepropanesulfonic Acid Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Hien T. Ngoc Le ◽  
Sungbo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
K Value

Aggregation of amyloid-β (aβ) peptides into toxic oligomers, fibrils, and plaques is central in the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is the primary focus of AD diagnostics. Disaggregation or elimination of toxic aβ aggregates in patients is important for delaying the progression of neurodegenerative disorders in AD. Recently, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid (EPPS) was introduced as a chemical agent that binds with toxic aβ aggregates and transforms them into monomers to reduce the negative effects of aβ aggregates in the brain. However, the mechanism of aβ disaggregation by EPPS has not yet been completely clarified. In this study, an electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for aβ diagnostics was developed by immobilizing a specific anti-amyloid-β (aβ) antibody onto a self-assembled monolayer functionalized with a new interdigitated chain-shaped electrode (anti-aβ/SAM/ICE). To investigate the ability of EPPS in recognizing AD by extricating aβ aggregation, commercially available aβ aggregates (aβagg) were used. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to probe the changes in charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the immunosensor after the specific binding of biosensor with aβagg. The subsequent incubation of the aβagg complex with a specific concentration of EPPS at different time intervals divulged AD progression. The decline in the Rct of the immunosensor started at 10 min of EPPS incubation and continued to decrease gradually from 20 min, indicating that the accumulation of aβagg on the surface of the anti-aβ/SAM/ICE sensor has been extricated. Here, the kinetic disaggregation rate k value of aβagg was found to be 0.038. This innovative study using electrochemical measurement to investigate the mechanism of aβagg disaggregation by EPPS could provide a new perspective in monitoring the disaggregation periods of aβagg from oligomeric to monomeric form, and then support for the prediction and handling AD symptoms at different stages after treatment by a drug, EPPS.

scholarly journals Investigation of Temperature and Aging Effects in Nanostructured Dye Solar Cells Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Toivola ◽  
Janne Halme ◽  
Lauri Peltokorpi ◽  
Peter Lund
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Dye Solar Cells ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Effects of aging and cyclically varying temperature on the electrical parameters of dye solar cells were analyzed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Photoelectrode total resistance increased as a function of time due to increasing electron transport resistance in theTiO2film. On the other hand, photoelectrode recombination resistance was generally larger, electron lifetimes in theTiO2were film longer, and charge transfer resistance on the counter electrode was smaller after the temperature treatments than before them. These effects correlated with the slower deterioration rate of the temperature-treated cells, in comparison to the reference cells.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on the Performance Degradation of LiFePO4/Graphite Lithium-Ion Battery Due to Charge-Discharge Cycling under Different C-Rates

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Abe ◽  
Natsuki Hori ◽  
Seiji Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Charge Discharge

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using a LiFePO4 cathode and graphite anode were assembled in coin cell form and subjected to 1000 charge-discharge cycles at 1, 2, and 5 C at 25 °C. The performance degradation of the LIB cells under different C-rates was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy. The most severe degradation occurred at 2 C while degradation was mitigated at the highest C-rate of 5 C. EIS data of the equivalent circuit model provided information on the changes in the internal resistance. The charge-transfer resistance within all the cells increased after the cycle test, with the cell cycled at 2 C presenting the greatest increment in the charge-transfer resistance. Agglomerates were observed on the graphite anodes of the cells cycled at 2 and 5 C; these were more abundantly produced in the former cell. The lower degradation of the cell cycled at 5 C was attributed to the lowered capacity utilization of the anode. The larger cell voltage drop caused by the increased C-rate reduced the electrode potential variation allocated to the net electrochemical reactions, contributing to the charge-discharge specific capacity of the cells.

Thermal transitions in hydrated layer-by-layer assemblies observed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
pp. 6467-6476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choonghyun Sung ◽  
Katelin Hearn ◽  
Jodie Lutkenhaus
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Thermal Transition ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Hydrated Layer

Layer-by-layer assemblies exhibit increased conductivity and decreased charge transfer resistance upon heating through the thermal transition.

Study of Insulating Properties of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers Formed Under Prolonged Incubation Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damena D. Agonafer ◽  
Edward Chainani ◽  
Muhammed E. Oruc ◽  
Ki Sung Lee ◽  
Mark A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Critical Voltage ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Self Assembled

The electrochemical interfacial properties of a well-ordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 1-undecanethiol (UDT) on evaporated gold surface have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in electrolytes without a redox couple. Using a constant-phase element (CPE) series resistance model, prolonged incubation times (up to 120 h) show decreasing monolayer capacitance approaching the theoretical value for 1-undecanethiol. Using the CPE exponent α as a measure of ideality, it was found that the monolayer approaches an ideal dielectric (α = 0.992) under prolonged incubation, which is attributed to the reduction of pinholes and defects in the monolayer during coalescence and annealing of SAM chains. The SAMs behave as insulators until a critical potential, Vc, is exceeded in both cathodic and anodic regimes, where electrolyte ions are believed to penetrate the monolayers. Using a Randles circuit model for these cases, the variation of the capacitance and charge transfer resistance with applied dc potential shows decreased permeability to ionic species with prolonged incubation time. The EIS data show that UDT (methylene chain length n = 10), incubated for 120 h, forms a monolayer whose critical voltage range extends from −0.3 to 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl, previously attained only for alkanethiol at n = 15. At low frequencies where ion diffusion occurs, almost pure capacitive phase (−89 deg) was attained with lengthy incubation.

1,7′-dimethyl-2′-propyl-1H,3′H-2,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niketan Patel ◽  
Smita Jauhari ◽  
Girishkumar Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Transfer Resistance

AbstractInhibition effect of imidazole derivative 1,7′-dimethyl-2′-propyl-1H,3′H-2,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole (DPBI) against mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solutions was evaluated using the conventional mass loss method, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The mass loss results showed that DPBI is an excellent corrosion inhibitor; electrochemical polarizations data revealed the mixed mode of inhibition; and the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the change in the impedance parameters, charge transfer resistance, and double layer capacitance with the change in the concentration of the inhibitor is due to the adsorption of the molecule leading to the formation of a protective layer on the surface of mild steel. The inhibition action of this compound was assumed to occur via adsorption on the steel surface through the active centers of the molecule.

Nanopore Size Estimation Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gou-Jen Wang ◽  
Ming-Chun Chien
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Impedance Parameters

We present a simple and cost effective approach using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for accurate pore size estimation of silicon based nano-pores. This method accounts for the capacitor effects of the electrical double layer and the resistor effects of the ion concentration inside the nano-channel. The nano-pore impedance was modeled as the electrolyte charge transfer resistance Rs in a series connection with a parallel ion diffusion circuit Rf with a constant phase element (CPE) that models the behaviour of the double layer. The EIS analysis that has been widely employed to measure the energy storage and dissipation properties of a physicochemical system in frequency domain was adopted to sense the impedance parameters of the nano-pore. The nano-pore size was then estimated based on the impedance parameters. The accuracy of the estimated nano-pore size was verified by the TEM image.

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