Ionogels Based on a Single Ionic Liquid for Electronic Nose Application

Ionogel are versatile materials, as they present the electrical properties of ionic liquids and also dimensional stability, since they are trapped in a solid matrix, allowing application in electronic devices such as gas sensors and electronic noses. In this work, ionogels were designed to act as a sensitive layer for the detection of volatiles in a custom-made electronic nose. Ionogels composed of gelatin and a single imidazolium ionic liquid were doped with bare and functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles, producing ionogels with adjustable target selectivity. After exposing an array of four ionogels to 12 distinct volatile organic compounds, the collected signals were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and by several supervised classification methods, in order to assess the ability of the electronic nose to distinguish different volatiles, which showed accuracy above 98%.

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Influence of age and gender on the profile of exhaled volatile organic compounds analyzed by an electronic nose

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562015000000195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 143-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Silvano Dragonieri ◽

Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta ◽

Pierluigi Carratu ◽

Teresa Ranieri ◽

Onofrio Resta

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Principal Component ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Older Subjects ◽

Never Smokers ◽

And Gender

We aimed to investigate the effects of age and gender on the profile of exhaled volatile organic compounds. We evaluated 68 healthy adult never-smokers, comparing them by age and by gender. Exhaled breath samples were analyzed by an electronic nose (e-nose), resulting in "breathprints". Principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis showed that older subjects (≥ 50 years of age) could not be distinguished from younger subjects on the basis of their breathprints, as well as that the breathprints of males could not distinguished from those of females (cross-validated accuracy, 60.3% and 57.4%, respectively).Therefore, age and gender do not seem to affect the overall profile of exhaled volatile organic compounds measured by an e-nose.

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Electronic nose with polymer-composite sensors for monitoring fungal deterioration of stored rapeseed

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2016-0064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 317-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Marek Gancarz ◽

Jolanta Wawrzyniak ◽

Marzena Gawrysiak-Witulska ◽

Dariusz Wiącek ◽

Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Principal Component ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Association Time ◽

Infected Material ◽

Fungal Deterioration

AbstractInvestigations were performed to examine the possibility of using an electronic nose to monitor development of fungal microflora during the first eighteen days of rapeseed storage. The Cyranose 320 device manufactured by Sensigent was used to analyse volatile organic compounds. Each sample of infected material was divided into three parts and the degree of spoilage was measured in three ways: analysis of colony forming units, determination of ergosterol content, and measurement of volatile organic compounds with the e-nose. Principal component analysis was performed on the generated patterns of signals and six groups of different spoilage levels were isolated. An analysis of sensorgrams for a few sensors with a strong signal for each group of rapeseed spoilage was performed. The ratio of the association time to the steady state was calculated. This ratio was different for the low level and the highest level of ergosterol and colony forming units. The results have shown that the e-nose can be a useful tool for quick estimation of the degree of rapeseed spoilage.

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Identification of Four Wood Species by an Electronic Nose and by LIBS

International Journal of Electrochemistry ◽

10.1155/2012/563939 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Juliana R. Cordeiro ◽

Maria I. V. Martinez ◽

Rosamaria W. C. Li ◽

Anderson P. Cardoso ◽

Lidiane C. Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Nose ◽

Gas Sensors ◽

Wood Species ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Principal Component ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Elemental Determination ◽

Laser Induced Breakdown ◽

Leave One Out

This paper presents two complementary methods capable of identifying four wood species (Cedrela fissilis, Ocotea porosa, Hymenolobium petraeum,andAspidosperma subincanum) both by their volatile organic compounds and by the presence of 10 chemical elements: Al, B, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Na, and Si. The volatile compounds were detected by an electronic nose formed by an array of three different conductive polymer gas sensors. The elemental determination was made by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). The emissions measured were treated by principal component analysis (PCA). Leave-one-out analysis showed a rate of hits of 100%.

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Use of Electronic Noses for Diagnosis of Digestive and Respiratory Diseases through the Breath

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios9010035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Carlos Sánchez ◽

J. Santos ◽

Jesús Lozano

Keyword(s):

Electronic Nose ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Point Of View ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Electronic Noses ◽

Medical Sector ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Electronic Nose Technology

The increased occurrence of chronic diseases related to lifestyle or environmental conditions may have a detrimental effect on long-term health if not diagnosed and controlled in time. For this reason, it is important to develop new noninvasive early diagnosis equipment that allows improvement of the current diagnostic methods. This, in turn, has led to an exponential development of technology applied to the medical sector, such as the electronic nose. In addition, the appearance of this type of technology has allowed the possibility of studying diseases from another point of view, such as through breath analysis. This paper presents a bibliographic review of past and recent studies, selecting those investigations in which a patient population was studied with electronic nose technology, in order to identify potential applications of this technology in the detection of respiratory and digestive diseases through the analysis of volatile organic compounds present in the breath.

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An Outlook of Recent Advances in Chemiresistive Sensor-Based Electronic Nose Systems for Food Quality and Environmental Monitoring

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21072271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2271

Author(s):

Alishba T. John ◽

Krishnan Murugappan ◽

David R. Nisbet ◽

Antonio Tricoli

Keyword(s):

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

System Integration ◽

Low Cost ◽

Critical Perspective ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Custom Made ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Semiconducting Metal Oxides ◽

Chemiresistive Sensor

An electronic nose (Enose) relies on the use of an array of partially selective chemical gas sensors for identification of various chemical compounds, including volatile organic compounds in gas mixtures. They have been proposed as a portable low-cost technology to analyse complex odours in the food industry and for environmental monitoring. Recent advances in nanofabrication, sensor and microcircuitry design, neural networks, and system integration have considerably improved the efficacy of Enose devices. Here, we highlight different types of semiconducting metal oxides as well as their sensing mechanism and integration into Enose systems, including different pattern recognition techniques employed for data analysis. We offer a critical perspective of state-of-the-art commercial and custom-made Enoses, identifying current challenges for the broader uptake and use of Enose systems in a variety of applications.

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Development of a Gas Sensor for Eucalyptol Supervision: A Supporting Tool for Extreme Wildfire Management

Chemistry Proceedings ◽

10.3390/csac2021-10432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Cátia Magro ◽

Marcelo Morais ◽

Paulo A. Ribeiro ◽

Susana Sério ◽

Pedro Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fire Behavior ◽

Principal Component ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Wildfire Management ◽

Custom Made ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Supporting Tool ◽

Eucalypt Forests ◽

In Fire

Recent research on volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by the heated vegetation has shown that, under specific conditions (e.g., extreme heat, humidity, wind, and topography), VOC might foster wildfire ignition sources and explain sudden changes in fire behavior, particularly in the most susceptible and flammable forests (eucalypt forests). This work aims to develop an electronic nose (e-nose) based on a sensor’s array to monitor the concentration of eucalyptol, the major VOC compound of the Eucalyptus globulus tree. The detection of this target compound was achieved by measuring the impedance spectra of layer-by-layer developed thin films based on polyethyleneimine, poly(allylamine hydrochloride), and graphene oxide, by injecting the analyte into a custom-made vacuum chamber system. The obtained results were analyzed by the principal component analysis method. The developed e-nose sensor was able to distinguish different concentrations in a range from 411 to 1095 ppm.

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Detection of Water Stress in Khasi Mandarin Orange Plants from Volatile Organic Compound Emission Profile Implementing Electronic Nose

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.a1086.109119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Principal Component ◽

Kernel Principal Component Analysis ◽

Support Vector ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Volatile Organic Compound Emission ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Mandarin Orange

Plants in the absence of an innate immune system like animals and being immobile are regularly exposed to a host of stresses, ranging from biotic to abiotic stresses. In response to these, plants have developed a complicated response system like reprogramming gene expressions and emission of secondary metabolites as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by its various tissues like roots, stems, leaves etc. These VOCs can be used as biomarkers for inspecting plants’ in situ health status. This paper address the usefulness of electronic nose (e-nose) system to sense the VOCs emitted by plants’ leaves to detect the stresses in it. Standard commercial electronic nose (e-nose) system Alfa Mos Fox 3000 has been used here to identify the stressed and non-stressed plants. Fifteen Mandarin orange plants were considered for the study and were subdivided into three categories. Each one was subjected to a different level of water stress. Leaf samples were collected for e-nose analyses from each plant of all three categories on the 15th day and 30th day of induction of water stresses. Dimensionality reduction techniques like kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and classification algorithms like Support Vector Machines (SVC) and Multi-Layer Perceptron Classifier (MLPC) have been used to classify the three categories of plants. The scores obtained from these analyses reveals the feasibility of using an e nose system in discriminating plants based on the status of water stress in them. This paper analyses the applicability of e nose system in stress diagnosis of agricultural and horticultural crops, which would significantly help in controlling the irrigation regime.

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