scholarly journals Prevalence of Language Delay among Healthy Preterm Children, Language Outcomes and Predictive Factors

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Miguel Pérez-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Extremely Preterm

Language delay (LD) and its relationship with later language impairment in preterm children is a topic of major concern. Previous studies comparing LD in preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) children were mainly carried out with samples of extremely preterm and very preterm children (sometimes with additional medical problems). Very few of them were longitudinal studies, which is essential to understand developmental relationships between LD and later language impairment. In this study, we compare the prevalence of LD in low-risk preterm children to that of FT children in a longitudinal design ranging from 10 to 60 months of age. We also analyze which variables are related to a higher risk of LD at 22, 30 and 60 months of age. Different language tests were administered to three groups of preterm children of different gestational ages and to one group of full-term children from the ages of 10 to 60 months. ANOVA comparisons between groups and logistic regression analyses to identify possible predictors of language delay at 22, 30 and 60 months of age were performed. The results found indicate that there were practically no differences between gestational age groups. Healthy PT children, therefore, do not have, in general terms, a higher risk of language delay than FT children. Previous language delay and cognitive delay are the strongest and longest-lasting predictors of later language impairment. Other factors, such as a scarce use of gestures at 10 months or male gender, affect early LD at 22 months of age, although their effect disappears as children grow older. Low maternal education appears to have a late effect. Gestational age does not have any significant effect on the appearance of LD.

scholarly journals Do healthy preterm children have behavior problems?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Miguel Pérez-Pereira ◽  
Lua Baños
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Significant Difference

Objetivo: En este estudio, se compararán los problemas de comportamiento de los niños prematuros sanos y a término. También se estudiará el efecto de las condiciones ambientales y neonatales en la tasa de problemas de comportamiento, prestando especial atención a la depresión materna y al estrés de los padres. Estudios anteriores encontraron tasas de prevalencia significativamente mayores de problemas totales en niños prematuros. La mayoría de estos estudios se llevaron a cabo con niños prematuros menores de 32 semanas de edad gestacional. En contraste, algunos estudios realizados con niños moderadamente prematuros no encontraron diferencias significativas. Método: Evaluamos 108 niños prematuros de bajo riesgo y 33 niños de término completo a través del Child Behavior Checklist cuando tenían 5 años de edad. El estrés y la depresión de sus madres también fueron evaluados. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos prematuros y los de término completo en cuanto a la internalización o la externalización general de los problemas de conducta, ni a los problemas de conducta más específicos, como la ansiedad, la atención o la agresión. No se encontró ningún efecto de la edad gestacional en la tasa de problemas de conducta. En contraste, el estrés materno, pero no la depresión materna, fue un fuerte predictor de problemas de conducta. Conclusiones: Estos resultados indican que los problemas de conducta no son característicos de los niños prematuros como grupo, sino solo de los niños muy o extremadamente prematuros. Background/Objective. In this study, the behavior problems of healthy preterm and full-term children will be compared. The effect of environmental and neonatal conditions on the rate of behavior problems, with special attention to maternal depression and parental stress, will also be studied. Previous studies found significantly higher prevalence rates of total problems in preterm children. Most of these studies were carried out with preterm children under 32 weeks of gestational age. In contrast, some studies carried out with moderately preterm children found no significant difference. Method. We assessed 108 low risk preterm children and 33 full-term children through the Child Behavior Checklist when they were 5 years-old. Their mothers` stress and depression were also assessed. Results. No significant difference was found between the preterm and the full-term groups for overall, internalizing or externalizing behavior problems, or for more fine-grained behavior problems such as anxiety, attention or aggression problems. No effect of gestational age on the rate of behavior problems was found. In contrast maternal stress, but not maternal depression, was a strong predictor of behavior problems. Conclusions. These results indicate that behavior problems are not characteristic of preterm children as a group, but only of very or extremely preterm children.

scholarly journals Risk for ASD in Preterm Infants: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Harel-Gadassi ◽  
Edwa Friedlander ◽  
Maya Yaari ◽  
Benjamin Bar-Oz ◽  
Smadar Eventov-Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Preterm Child ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
Observational Instruments

Background. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in individuals who are born preterm and full-term using both observational instruments and parental reports. Neonatal risk factors and developmental characteristics associated with ASD risk were also examined. Method. Participants included 110 preterm children (born at a gestational age of ≤ 34 weeks) and 39 full-term children assessed at ages 18, 24, and 36 months. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, the Social Communication Questionnaire, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning were administered. Results and Conclusions. The long-term risk for ASD was higher when parental reports were employed compared to observational instruments. At 18 and 24 months, a higher long-term risk for ASD was found for preterm children compared to full-term children. At 36 months, only one preterm child and one full-term child met the cutoff for ASD based on the ADOS, yet clinical judgment and parental reports supported an ASD diagnosis for the preterm child only. Earlier gestational age and lower general developmental abilities were associated with elevated ASD risk among preterm children.

scholarly journals Craniofacial Morphology in Prematurely Born Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Paulsson ◽  
Lars Bondemark
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Preterm Group

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the craniofacial morphology of prematurely born children and that of matched full-term born controls. Materials and Methods: White children 8 to 10 years of age, born at the University Hospitals of Lund and Malmö and living in the same part of Sweden, were included. One group consisted of 36 very preterm children, born during gestational weeks 29 to 32; the other group included 36 extremely preterm children, who were born before the 29th gestational week. Subjects were compared with a control group of 31 full-term children, who were matched for gender, age, nationality, and living area. One lateral head radiograph was taken for each child, and the cephalometric analysis included 15 angular and 11 linear variables. Also, the height, weight, and head circumference of each child were registered. Results: A significantly shorter anterior cranial base and a less convex skeletal profile were found among extremely preterm children, and significantly shorter maxillary length was noted in both extremely preterm and very preterm groups as compared with full-term children. The lower incisors were significantly more retroclined and retruded in the extremely preterm group compared with the very preterm group and the full-term control group. Extremely preterm children were significantly shorter, and both extremely preterm and very preterm children had significantly lower weight and smaller head circumference compared with full-term children. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected because several craniofacial parameters differed significantly between preterm and full-term born control children.

Voice problems in school-aged children following very preterm birth

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Reynolds ◽  
Suzanne Meldrum ◽  
Karen Simmer ◽  
Shyan Vijayasekaran ◽  
Noel French
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Speech Pathologist ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Study Participants

Background and objectiveVery preterm children may be at risk of voice abnormalities (dysphonia). Risk factors previously identified in extremely preterm children include female gender, multiple intubations, complicated intubation and very low birth weight. This study sought to identify the prevalence of dysphonia in very preterm children, at school age.MethodsChildren born between 23 and 32 weeks’ gestation were included in this prospective observational study. Participants were randomly selected from a sample stratified by gestational age and number of intubations, and were aged between 5 and 12 years at the time of assessment. Clinical voice assessments were conducted by a speech pathologist, and a diagnosis of dysphonia was made based on the presence and severity of disturbance to the voice. Retrospective chart review identified medical and demographic characteristics.Results178 participants were assessed. The prevalence of dysphonia in this cohort was 61%. 31% presenting with significant dysphonia, that is, voice disturbance of greater than mild in severity. Female gender (p=0.009), gestational age (p=0.031) and duration of intubation (p=0.021) were significantly associated with dysphonia although some preterm children with dysphonia were never intubated.ConclusionsSignificant voice abnormalities were observed in children born at up to 32 weeks’ gestation, with intubation a major contributing factor.Trial registration numberACTRN12613001015730.

scholarly journals Attentional networks efficiency in preterm children

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PIZZO ◽  
S. URBEN ◽  
M. VAN DER LINDEN ◽  
C. BORRADORI-TOLSA ◽  
M. FRESCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Preterm Group

AbstractRecent studies have reported specific executive and attentional deficits in preterm children. However, the majority of this research has used multidetermined tasks to assess these abilities, and the interpretation of the results lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to better understand the origin of the difficulties observed. In the present study, we used the Child Attention Network Task (Child ANT; Rueda et al. 2004) to assess the efficiency of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. We compared the performance of 25 preterm children (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) to 25 full-term children, all between 5½ and 6½ years of age. Results showed that, as compared to full-term children, preterm children were slower on all conditions of the Child ANT and had a specific deficit in executive control abilities. We also observed a significantly higher correlation between the orienting and executive control networks in the preterm group, suggesting less differentiation of these two networks in this population. (JINS, 2010, 16, 130–137.)

scholarly journals Gestational age on trajectories of social competence difficulties into adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-321317
Author(s):  
Mariko Hosozawa ◽  
Noriko Cable ◽  
Yvonne Kelly ◽  
Amanda Sacker
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Maternal Psychological Distress

ObjectivesTo examine if gestational age groups predict the development of social competence difficulties (SCDs) from childhood into mid-adolescence and to assess the mediation by maternal psychological distress during infancy on these trajectories.DesignNationally representative population-based birth cohort (UK Millennium Cohort Study).Participants15 821 children born in 2000–2002.Outcome measuresSCDs (derived from peer and prosocial subscales of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were assessed by parent report when the participants were aged 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. Maternal psychological distress was self-rated using Rutter Malaise Inventory when the children were 9 months of age. Data were modelled using latent growth curve analysis.ResultsDevelopmental trajectories of SCDs were U-shaped in all groups. Very preterm (VP) children (<32 weeks, n=173) showed pronounced difficulties throughout, with the coefficient difference from the full term at age 14 being 0.94 (95% CI 0.23 to 1.66, equivalent to 0.32 SD of the population average SCDs). Moderate-to-late preterm children (32–36 weeks, n=1130) and early-term children (37–38 weeks, n=3232) showed greater difficulties compared with the full-term peers around age 7 years, which resolved by age 14 years (b=0.20, 95% CI –0.05 to 0.44; b=0.03, 95% CI –0.12 to 0.17, respectively). Maternal psychological distress during infancy mediated 20% of the aforementioned association at age 14 years for the VP.ConclusionThere was a dose–response association between gestational age and the trajectories of SCDs. Monitoring and providing support on social development throughout childhood and adolescence and treating early maternal psychological distress may help children who were born earlier than ideal, particularly those born VP.

scholarly journals Malocclusion Traits and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Prematurely Born Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Paulsson ◽  
Björn Söderfeldt ◽  
Lars Bondemark
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Deep Bite ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Gestational Week

Abstract Objective: To evaluate if prematurely born children have higher prevalence of malocclusion traits and greater orthodontic treatment need than matched full-term born controls. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three preterm children were selected from the Medical Birth Register and divided into two subgroups according to their gestational age. One group consisted of 37 very preterm children (VPT), born in gestational week 29–32, and the other of 36 extremely preterm children (EPT), born before the 29th gestational week. The subjects were compared with a control group of 41 full-term children, who were matched for sex, age, and nationality. Data from clinical examinations, study casts, and panoramic radiographs were used to determine malocclusion traits. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) was used to rank the treatment need. Results: Two or more malocclusion traits occurred significantly more often among EPT (83.3%) and VPT children (73.0%), compared with the full-term children (51.2%). Significantly higher prevalence of deep bites and was found in EPT and VPT groups compared with the full-term control group. Deep bite was the most common malocclusion trait in the EPT and VPT group. Higher orthodontic treatment need was found for the preterm children but no differences in prevalence of malocclusion traits and treatment need were found between VPT and EPT children. Conclusion: The clinician should be aware of the potential for a higher number of malocclusion traits and greater orthodontic treatment need in prematurely born children compared with full-term children.

scholarly journals Analysis of Longitudinal follow-up Data of Physical Growth in Singleton Full-Term Small for Gestational Age Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Xin Fan ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Wenling Gan ◽  
Guiyuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract Background: The rate of full-term small for gestational age (SGA) infants is rising worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the catch-up growth pattern of singleton full-term SGA infants in the first of the year. Methods A single-center retrospective study assessed singleton full-term SGA infants was admitted to the Department of Child Health Care, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from August 2015 to December 2018. Weight, length and head circumference were measured at birth, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of age. The Z-score was evaluated. Results A total 210 SGA infants were included in this study. Boys (n=90) and girls (n=120) showed comparable gestational ages, and birth weights and lengths. Weight, length and head circumference in SGA infants of all age groups were increased, with the fastest growth stage from birth to 3 months. The speeds of weight and head circumference catch-up were higher than that of body length. Birth length was not related to parents' heights in both genders. At 12 months, there were significant associations of body length with father’s height, mother’s height and parents’ heights in boys; in girls, body length showed associations with mother’s height and parents' heights. Conclusions Full-term SGA infants grow rapidly after birth, with the fastest growth rate in the first three months as examined by weight, length and head circumference. Within 12 months after birth, catch-up was better for weight compared with length. Finally, body length in SGA infants was positively correlated with the parents' heights at 12 months.

scholarly journals Gestational age and child development at school entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursimran K. Dhamrait ◽  
Hayley Christian ◽  
Melissa O’Donnell ◽  
Gavin Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStudies have reported a dose-dependent relationship between gestational age and poorer school readiness. The study objective was to quantify the risk of developmental vulnerability for children at school entry, associated with gestational age at birth and to understand the impact of sociodemographic and other modifiable risk factors on these relationships. Linkage of population-level birth registration, hospital, and perinatal datasets to the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC), enabled follow-up of a cohort of 64,810 singleton children, from birth to school entry in either 2009, 2012, or 2015. The study outcome was teacher-reported child development on the AEDC with developmental vulnerability defined as domain scores < 10th percentile of the 2009 AEDC cohort. We used modified Poisson Regression to estimate relative risks (RR) and risk differences (RD) of developmental vulnerability between; (i) preterm birth and term-born children, and (ii) across gestational age categories. Compared to term-born children, adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics attenuated RR for all preterm birth categories. Further adjustment for modifiable risk factors such as preschool attendance and reading status at home had some additional impact across all gestational age groups, except for children born extremely preterm. The RR and RD for developmental vulnerability followed a reverse J-shaped relationship with gestational age. The RR of being classified as developmentally vulnerable was highest for children born extremely preterm and lowest for children born late-term. Adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics attenuated RR and RD for all gestational age categories, except for early-term born children. Children born prior to full-term are at a greater risk for developmental vulnerabilities at school entry. Elevated developmental vulnerability was largely explained by sociodemographic disadvantage. Elevated vulnerability in children born post-term is not explained by sociodemographic disadvantage to the same extent as in children born prior to full-term.

scholarly journals Early precursors of low attention and hyperactivity in moderately and very preterm children at preschool age

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Regina Morales ◽  
Concetta Polizzi ◽  
Giorgio Sulliotti ◽  
Claudia Mascolino ◽  
Giovanna Perricone
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderately Preterm

The low attention and hyperactivity are major morbidities associated with very and moderately preterm birth. The study has been aimed at investigating the likely occurrence of early precursors of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in very and moderately preterm children at preschool age. The involved children were: 25 very preterm children (M=29.4 weeks of gestational age, SD=2), with low birth weight (M=1200 g, SD=250 g); 35 moderately preterm children (M=34.6 weeks of gestational age, SD=1) with low birth weight (M=2100 g, SD=250 g); 60 healthy full-term children as the control group. Parents of children have been administered specific questionnaires to detect low attention and hyperactivity of their children at home. The data have shown the risk of precursors of ADHD, highlighting statistically significant birth-related differences in both hyperactivity/impulsivity [F(2,119)=3.5, P=0.03, η2=0.06] and inattention [F(2,119)=2.4, P=0.04, η2=0.04], where very preterm children have got higher scores in these two dimensions compared with full-term and moderately preterm children. The very preterm children have got higher scores of <em>impulsivity</em> and <em>inattention</em> than the full-term children (Tukey’HSD − Honestly Significant Difference; P&lt;0.001).

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