scholarly journals Can Protection Motivation Theory Explain Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change Decision Making in The Gambia?

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Bagagnan ◽  
Issa Ouedraogo ◽  
William M. Fonta ◽  
Musa Sowe ◽  
Anne Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
River Region ◽  
Capacity Degradation

In The Gambia, climate change has affected, and continues to affect, the agriculture sector. Thus, there is a need to develop and understand effective agricultural adaptation policies. The present study used protection motivation theory to describe farmers’ adoption of climate change adaptation measures in the Central River Region of The Gambia. Primary data were collected in eight communities of the region. A transect walk was conducted, followed by a survey of farmers (n = 283). Perception data collected referred back to the past 20 years, with stated implementation addressing current adaptation practices. Results showed that the perception variables, namely, severity, ability to withstand, and internal barriers, were significantly correlated with protection motivation, while protection motivation and stated implementation for water conservation technique were strongly correlated. Structural equation modeling confirmed the mediation role of protection motivation between farmers’ “stated implementation” of adaptation measures and their perception of climate variability. A decrease in soil water storage capacity, degradation of the quality of soil surface structure, and a decrease of the length of the growing season are all factors that motivate farmers to implement an adaptation measure. The cost of the implementation and farmers’ vulnerability are factors that prevent implantation of adaptation measures. This study suggested that farmers’ resilience should be improved and adaptation measures should be subsidized in order to make them more accessible to farmers.

scholarly journals Determinants of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies: An Application of Protection Motivation Theory in Konta District, South Western Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Dereje Tesema Regasa ◽  
Nega Abera Akirso
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

AbstractClimate change becomes a widely acknowledged and inevitable global challenge of 21st century. For developing countries like Ethiopia, it intensifies existing challenges of ensuring sustainable development. This study examined factors affecting climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies by taking in Protection Motivation Theory. The study draws on mixed research approach in order to assess the subjective understanding about climate change threats and identify the factors determining responses to climate change. While qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews, quantitative information was collected using semi structured survey from 296 randomly selected farmers from different agro-ecologies. Qualitative data was dominantly analyzed using content analysis while descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze quantitative data. Almost all respondents (97%) perceived that climate change is occurring and threatening their wellbeing. Dwindling precipitation, increasing temperature and occurrence of human and animal disease were perceived to represent climate change. From nationally initiated strategies, farmers were found to largely practice soil and water conservation and agricultural intensification, which they perceived less costly and compatible to their level of expertise. The result of binary logistic regression revealed that perceived severity of climate change, perceived susceptibility to climate change threat, perceived own ability to respond, response efficacy and cost of practices predicted farmers motivation to practice climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Thus, building resilient system should go beyond sensitizing climate response mechanisms. Rural development and climate change adaptation policies should focus on human capital development and economic empowerment which would enable farmers pursue context specific adaptation and mitigation strategies thereby maintain sustainable livelihood.

scholarly journals Expanding Protection Motivation Theory to Explain Willingness of COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake among Taiwanese University Students

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Po-Ching Huang ◽  
Ching-Hsia Hung ◽  
Yi-Jie Kuo ◽  
Yu-Pin Chen ◽  
Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Perceived Knowledge ◽  
Maladaptive Response

Vaccination appears to be one of the effective strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the challenge of vaccine hesitancy may lower the uptake rate and affect overall vaccine efficacy. Being a low-risk group in terms of serious consequences of infection, university students may possess low motivation to get vaccinated. Therefore, an expanded Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) incorporating perceived knowledge, adaptive response, and maladaptive response was proposed to investigate the COVID-19 vaccination intention among Taiwanese university students. University students (n = 924; 575 males; mean age = 25.29 years) completed an online survey during January to February 2021. The proposed expanded PMT model was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that perceived knowledge was significantly associated with coping appraisal (standardized coefficient (β) = 0.820; p < 0.001), and coping appraisal was significantly associated with adaptive response (β = 0.852; p < 0.001), maladaptive response (β = 0.300; p < 0.001) and intention (β = 0.533; p = 0.009). Moreover, maladaptive response (β = −0.173; p = 0.001) but not adaptive response (β = 0.148; p = 0.482) was significantly and negatively associated with intention. The present study’s results demonstrated a positive path between perceived knowledge, coping appraisal, and intention among university students. Therefore, improving knowledge among this population may increase the intention to uptake the vaccine.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors based on Protection Motivation Theory in Hormozgan, Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Ezati Rad ◽  
Hesamaddin Kamalzadeh Takhti ◽  
Mehdi Hassani Azad ◽  
Shokrollah Mohseni ◽  
Teamur Aghamolaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Response Efficacy

Abstract Background: The present research aimed to predict the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in the light of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).Methods: The present cross-sectional research was conducted in 2 months (March 2020-April 2020) in Hormozgan Province of Iran. The research population comprised all residents above 15 years of age. They received an online questionnaire survey in two parts, demographic information along with PMT constructs. To analyze the data, independent t-test and one-way anova test, Multiple linear regression and the statistical technique of path analysis and structural equation modeling was used. All statistical calculations and hypothesis testing were performed using spss21 and Amos21 software and a significant level of hypothesis testing was considered to be 0.05Results: A total number of 2,032 subjects participated in this research, the mean age of whom was 34.84±9.8 (R=15-98). The majority of participants were between 31 - 40 years old, female (60.4%), married (72%), urban residents (87.3%), holding a Bachelor’s degree or higher (58.8%) and employed (58.8%). Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients were estimated between preventive behaviors of COVID-19 and perceived vulnerability (r=0.192, p<0.001), perceived severity (r=0.092, p<0.001), response efficacy (r=0.398, p<0.001) ,self efficacy (r=0.497, p<0.001) and protection motivation (r=0.595, p<0.001). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between behavior and maladaptive behavior rewards (r=-0.243, p<0.001) and perceived costs (r=-0.121, p<0.001).Conclusions: The present findings showed that maladaptive behavior reward and fear predicted protective behaviors negatively; response efficacy and self-efficacy predicted protective behaviors positively. The effect of self-efficacy was the strongest among all. The information provided in this research can contribute to policy-making in the country.

scholarly journals Increasing Intention to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption: A Protection Motivation Theory Based Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Jane Kothe ◽  
Mathew Ling ◽  
Barbara Mullan ◽  
Anna Klas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
The Impact

Reducing individual fossil fuel use is an important component of climate change mitigation, but motivating behaviour change to achieve this is difficult. This experimental study tests the impact of Protection Motivation Theory based messages on intention to reduce fossil fuel use in 3803 US adults recruited via Amazon MTurk (mean age = 36.11 years; 51.4% female). Only messages targeting self-efficacy and response efficacy increased intention to reduce fossil fuel use relative to the control group. However, only the self-efficacy message had an impact on its corresponding construct, highlighting the importance of manipulation checks in model testing. Given the urgency of responding to climate change, the potential for additive benefits of effective messages should be considered irrespective of their underlying psychological mechanism. Study preregistration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2G6BQ. Data related to this manuscript: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2TRBK.

scholarly journals Determinants of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation strategies: An Application of Protection Motivation Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (337) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Tesema Regasa ◽  
Nega Abera Akirso
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Abstract Climate change is an inevitable global challenge of the 21st century. For developing countries like Ethiopia, it intensifies existing challenges towards ensuring sustainable development. Adopting the protection motivation theory, this study examined factors affecting the practice of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies among farmers. The study employed a mixed research approach to assess the subjective understanding of farmers about climate change threats and identify factors determining their responses to climate change effects. Qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions and interviews. Quantitative information was gathered using semi-structured survey from 296 randomly selected farmers. Qualitative data was dominantly analyzed using content analysis, while descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze quantitative data. Almost all respondents (97%) perceived that climate change was occurring and threatening their wellbeing. Dwindling precipitation, increasing temperature and occurrence of human and animal disease were perceived to represent climate change effects. From nationally initiated strategies, farmers were found to largely practice soil and water conservation, which they perceived as less costly and compatible to local knowledge. The result of binary logistic regression revealed that perceived severity of climate change, perceived susceptibility to climate change threat, perceived own ability to respond, response efficacy, and cost of practices predicted farmers’ motivation to practice climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Thus, building a resilient system should go beyond sensitizing climate response mechanisms. Policies should focus on human capital development and economic empowerment which would enable farmers to pursue context-specific adaptation and mitigation strategies, thereby maintaining a sustainable livelihood.

“Act on Climate Change”: An Application of Protection Motivation Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cismaru ◽  
Romulus Cismaru ◽  
Takaya Ono ◽  
Kristina Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Communication Campaigns

Our planet's climate is changing (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010), and current scientific evidence proves that global climate change is induced by humans (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007). Many scientists agree that climate change is one of the greatest threats faced by our planet. The climate change literature demonstrates that fear appeals can be used to encourage behavioral changes that will mitigate climate change (Nisbet, 2009; Patchen, 2006; Pike, Doppelt, & Herr, 2010). This article proposes Protection Motivation Theory (PMT; Rogers, 1983) as a suitable model to guide communication campaigns in the area of climate change. It also analyzes the extent to which a series of communication campaigns that are designed to persuade individuals to adopt behaviors that prevent climate change conform to PMT. Recommendations to improve the campaigns are presented.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors based on Protection Motivation Theory in Hormozgan, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Ezati Rad ◽  
Shokrollah Mohseni ◽  
Hesamaddin Kamalzadeh Takhti ◽  
Mehdi Hassani Azad ◽  
Nahid Shahabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Response Efficacy

Abstract Background: The present research aimed to predict the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in the light of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).Methods: The present cross-sectional research was conducted in 2 months (March 2020-April 2020) in Hormozgan Province of Iran. The research population comprised all residents above 15 years of age. They received an online questionnaire survey in two parts, demographic information along with PMT constructs. To analyze the data, independent t-test and one-way anova test, Multiple linear regression and the statistical technique of path analysis and structural equation modeling was used. All statistical calculations and hypothesis testing were performed using spss21 and Amos21 software and a significant level of hypothesis testing was considered to be 0.05Results: A total number of 2,032 subjects participated in this research, the mean age of whom was 34.84±9.8 (R=15-98). The majority of participants were between 31 - 40 years old, female (60.4%), married (72%), urban residents (87.3%), holding a Bachelor’s degree or higher (58.8%) and employed (58.8%). Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients were estimated between preventive behaviors of COVID-19 and perceived vulnerability (r=0.192, p<0.001), perceived severity (r=0.092, p<0.001), response efficacy (r=0.398, p<0.001) ,self efficacy (r=0.497, p<0.001) and protection motivation (r=0.595, p<0.001). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between behavior and maladaptive behavior rewards (r=-0.243, p<0.001) and perceived costs (r=-0.121, p<0.001). Conclusions: The present findings showed that maladaptive behavior reward and fear predicted protective behaviors negatively; response efficacy and self-efficacy predicted protective behaviors positively. The effect of self-efficacy was the strongest among all. The information provided in this research can contribute to policy-making in the country.

scholarly journals The protection motivation theory for predict intention of COVID-19 vaccination in Iran: a structural equation modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam ◽  
Maryam Seraji ◽  
Zahra Sharafi ◽  
Mahdi Mohammadi ◽  
Hassan Okati-Aliabad
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Response Efficacy

Abstract Background Many efforts are being made around the world to discover the vaccine against COVID-19. After discovering the vaccine, its acceptance by individuals is a fundamental issue for disease control. This study aimed to examine COVID-19 vaccination intention determinants based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Iranian adult population and surveyed 256 study participants from the first to the 30th of June 2020 with a web-based self-administered questionnaire. We used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the interrelationship between COVID-19 vaccination intention and perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived response efficacy. Results SEM showed that perceived severity to COVID-19 (β = .17, p < .001), perceived self-efficacy about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (β = .26, p < .001), and the perceived response efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine (β = .70, p < .001) were significant predictors of vaccination intention. PMT accounted for 61.5% of the variance in intention to COVID-19 vaccination, and perceived response efficacy was the strongest predictor of COVID-19 vaccination intention. Conclusions This study found the PMT constructs are useful in predicting COVID-19 vaccination intention. Programs designed to increase the vaccination rate after discovering the COVID-19 vaccine can include interventions on the severity of the COVID-19, the self-efficacy of individuals receiving the vaccine, and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing infection.

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